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Biology n5 > S5 Ultrastructures > Flashcards

S5 Ultrastructures Flashcards

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0
Q

How can unicellular organisms exist as single cells?

A

Because they contain all of the organelles and metabolises to function properly

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1
Q

What are all living things made up of?

A

Cells

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2
Q

What are metabolites?

A

Necessary chemicals

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3
Q

Name 2 unicellular organisms?

A

Paramecium

Euglena

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4
Q

How does the paramecium move?

A

Because it has Cilia

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5
Q

What do multicellular organisms contain?

A

A variety of cell types arranged into to tissues to carry out vital functions

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6
Q

What cells is the cheek epithelium tissue made up of?

A

Epithelial

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7
Q

What is the function of the epithelial cell?

A

To protect the mouth lining

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8
Q

What is a specialised structural feature of epithelial cells?

A

It has a flat irregular shape

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9
Q

Name two cells that are in blood?

A

Red blood cells

White blood cells

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10
Q

What is the function of red blood cell?

A

To carry oxygen to living cells around the body

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11
Q

Why are red blood cells special?

A

They have a biconcave shape for large surface area

No nucleus to pack more haemoglobin

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12
Q

What is the function of white blood cells?

A

To destroy pathogens

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13
Q

Why is a white blood cell special?

A

They can change shape to engulf pathogens, they contain digestive enzymes

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14
Q

What is the function of motor neurons?

A

To send chemical messages to the body from the brain

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15
Q

What is the specialised feature of a motor neuron?

A

It has a long axon allowing faster communication

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16
Q

Name 2 cells in the ciliated epithelium tissue

A

Goblet cell

Ciliated epithelial cell

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17
Q

What does the goblet cell do and why is it special?

A

It produces mucus

It’s cup shaped allowing it to produce more mucus

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18
Q

What do the ciliated epithelial do and why are they special?

A

They sweep mucus and dirt upwards away from the lungs

They are beating hairs

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19
Q

What is the function of smooth muscle cells,

A

They move food to the stomach by peristalsis

20
Q

Why are smooth muscle cells special?

A

They are spindle shaped so are able to contract

21
Q

What two cells are in the lower leaf epidermis?

A

Epidermal cells

Guard cells

22
Q

What shape are epidermal cells and what’s their function?

A

They have an irregular shape and their function is protection

23
Q

What shape are guard cells and what is their function?

A

They are sausage shaped and have a thick inner cell wall facing the stomata

They control gaseous exchange

24
Q

What is Palisade mesophyll’s function and special features?

A

Function– light absorption and photosynthesis

Specialised structural features- columnar shaped, packed full of chloroplasts

25
Q

What is Spongy mesophyll’s function and features

A

Function- secondary photosynthesis

Features- loose arrangement and moist surface for absorption of co2

26
Q

What cell does the phloem contain that has cytoplasmic strands and transports soluble carbohydrates?

A

Th sieve tube

27
Q

What do companion cells do?

A

They control the sieve tubes

28
Q

Why are companion cells special?

A

They have a larger nucleus

29
Q

What is the vessel cell’s function and special features in the xylem?

A

It supports the plant and transports water

It has a hollow tube and rings of lignin

30
Q

What two cells are in the root tissue?

A

Epidermal cell

Root hair cell

31
Q

What is epidermal cell’s function and what shape is it?

A

To protect

It’s rectangular and fits together like a brick wall

32
Q

What is the function and special feature if a root hair cell?

A

To absorb water and mineral salts

It has long extensions to increase the surface area

33
Q

What is the function of the nucleolus?

A

It produces ribosomes

34
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

Contains DNA and controls cell activities

35
Q

What is the function of the nuclear membrane?

A

It has pores to allow the exit of mRNA to go to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm for protein synthesis

36
Q

What is the function of the mitochondria?

A

They are the site of aerobic respiration

37
Q

What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

A

It isolates and transports lipids

38
Q

What is the function of the ribosomes?

A

The site of protein synthesis

39
Q

What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A

It isolates and transports proteins

40
Q

Where do vesicles come from?

A

They come from the rough endoplasmic reticulum

41
Q

What do vesicles join together to become?

A

The Golgi apparatus body

42
Q

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

A

Where proteins are packaged and processed

43
Q

Part of the Golgi containing the packaged protein pinches off to form ——-

A

Secretory vesicles

44
Q

What do the secretory vesicles do?

A

They merge into the plasma membrane so the protein will be secreted from the cell

45
Q

List the cycle involving the vesicles and Golgi apparatus etc

A
  1. Nucleus
  2. Ribosome
  3. Rough ER
  4. Vesicle
  5. Golgi apparatus
  6. Secretory vesicles
  7. Plasma membrane
46
Q

What is the centriole important in?

A

Mitosis

Meiosis

47
Q

What is the fiction of the plasma membrane?

A

To control the entry and exit of materials in and out the cell

48
Q

What is the function of lysosomes?

A

The contain powerful digestive enzymes which are used in phagocytosis or may even digest the cell itself

Biology n5 (28 decks)

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