S5 Ultrastructures

Question 0

How can unicellular organisms exist as single cells?

Answer 0

Because they contain all of the organelles and metabolises to function properly

Question 1

What are all living things made up of?

Answer 1

Cells

Question 2

What are metabolites?

Answer 2

Necessary chemicals

Question 3

Name 2 unicellular organisms?

Answer 3

Paramecium

Euglena

Question 4

How does the paramecium move?

Answer 4

Because it has Cilia

Question 5

What do multicellular organisms contain?

Answer 5

A variety of cell types arranged into to tissues to carry out vital functions

Question 6

What cells is the cheek epithelium tissue made up of?

Answer 6

Epithelial

Question 7

What is the function of the epithelial cell?

Answer 7

To protect the mouth lining

Question 8

What is a specialised structural feature of epithelial cells?

Answer 8

It has a flat irregular shape

Question 9

Name two cells that are in blood?

Answer 9

Red blood cells

White blood cells

Question 10

What is the function of red blood cell?

Answer 10

To carry oxygen to living cells around the body

Question 11

Why are red blood cells special?

Answer 11

They have a biconcave shape for large surface area

No nucleus to pack more haemoglobin

Question 12

What is the function of white blood cells?

Answer 12

To destroy pathogens

Question 13

Why is a white blood cell special?

Answer 13

They can change shape to engulf pathogens, they contain digestive enzymes

Question 14

What is the function of motor neurons?

Answer 14

To send chemical messages to the body from the brain

Question 15

What is the specialised feature of a motor neuron?

Answer 15

It has a long axon allowing faster communication

Question 16

Name 2 cells in the ciliated epithelium tissue

Answer 16

Goblet cell

Ciliated epithelial cell

Question 17

What does the goblet cell do and why is it special?

Answer 17

It produces mucus

It’s cup shaped allowing it to produce more mucus

Question 18

What do the ciliated epithelial do and why are they special?

Answer 18

They sweep mucus and dirt upwards away from the lungs

They are beating hairs

Question 19

What is the function of smooth muscle cells,

Answer 19

They move food to the stomach by peristalsis

Question 20

Why are smooth muscle cells special?

Answer 20

They are spindle shaped so are able to contract

Question 21

What two cells are in the lower leaf epidermis?

Answer 21

Epidermal cells

Guard cells

Question 22

What shape are epidermal cells and what’s their function?

Answer 22

They have an irregular shape and their function is protection

Question 23

What shape are guard cells and what is their function?

Answer 23

They are sausage shaped and have a thick inner cell wall facing the stomata

They control gaseous exchange

Question 24

What is Palisade mesophyll's function and special features?

Answer 24

Function-- light absorption and photosynthesis | Specialised structural features- columnar shaped, packed full of chloroplasts

Question 25

What is Spongy mesophyll's function and features

Answer 25

Function- secondary photosynthesis | Features- loose arrangement and moist surface for absorption of co2

Question 26

What cell does the phloem contain that has cytoplasmic strands and transports soluble carbohydrates?

Answer 26

Th sieve tube

Question 27

What do companion cells do?

Answer 27

They control the sieve tubes

Question 28

Why are companion cells special?

Answer 28

They have a larger nucleus

Question 29

What is the vessel cell's function and special features in the xylem?

Answer 29

It supports the plant and transports water | It has a hollow tube and rings of lignin

Question 30

What two cells are in the root tissue?

Answer 30

Epidermal cell | Root hair cell

Question 31

What is epidermal cell's function and what shape is it?

Answer 31

To protect | It's rectangular and fits together like a brick wall

Question 32

What is the function and special feature if a root hair cell?

Answer 32

To absorb water and mineral salts | It has long extensions to increase the surface area

Question 33

What is the function of the nucleolus?

Answer 33

It produces ribosomes

Question 34

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 34

Contains DNA and controls cell activities

Question 35

What is the function of the nuclear membrane?

Answer 35

It has pores to allow the exit of mRNA to go to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm for protein synthesis

Question 36

What is the function of the mitochondria?

Answer 36

They are the site of aerobic respiration

Question 37

What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 37

It isolates and transports lipids

Question 38

What is the function of the ribosomes?

Answer 38

The site of protein synthesis

Question 39

What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 39

It isolates and transports proteins

Question 40

Where do vesicles come from?

Answer 40

They come from the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 41

What do vesicles join together to become?

Answer 41

The Golgi apparatus body

Question 42

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 42

Where proteins are packaged and processed

Question 43

Part of the Golgi containing the packaged protein pinches off to form -------

Answer 43

Secretory vesicles

Question 44

What do the secretory vesicles do?

Answer 44

They merge into the plasma membrane so the protein will be secreted from the cell

Question 45

List the cycle involving the vesicles and Golgi apparatus etc

Answer 45

1. Nucleus 2. Ribosome 3. Rough ER 4. Vesicle 5. Golgi apparatus 6. Secretory vesicles 7. Plasma membrane

Question 46

What is the centriole important in?

Answer 46

Mitosis | Meiosis

Question 47

What is the fiction of the plasma membrane?

Answer 47

To control the entry and exit of materials in and out the cell

Question 48

What is the function of lysosomes?

Answer 48

The contain powerful digestive enzymes which are used in phagocytosis or may even digest the cell itself