S3_L3: Pulmonary Physiology & Pulmonary Ventilation Flashcards
TRUE OR FALSE: A change of 1 mmHg in alveolar pressure allows 500 ml of air to ventilate the lungs
True
TRUE OR FALSE: Air flows from areas of high pressure to low pressure
True
TRUE OR FALSE: Pulmonary ventilation pertains to gas exchange in the airways
False
TRUE OR FALSE: The more the alveolus collapses, the more the surfactant prevents collapse
True
TRUE OR FALSE: The watery part of the secretions in the trachea is the gel layer.
False
TRUE OR FALSE: All cartilages in the trachea are shaped as a full circle
False
TRUE OR FALSE: Dry air damages the airways
True
TRUE OR FALSE: The nose hairs are cilia found at the external nares.
False
What is the normal tidal volume / breath volume (amount of air that goes in and out the lungs during normal respiration)?
500 ml
When the bronchioles constrict, air resistance ___
increases
What happens to the lungs of a victim of a gunshot
wound to the chest?
Lungs would collapse
This pressure is always negative which acts like a suction to keep the lungs inflated even in full expiration. Pressure is between -4 to -7, and it goes back to -4 during expiration.
Intrapleural pressure
Chest dimension the sternum increases during breathing
Antero-posterior
The diaphragm exerts this effect during breathing. Moves up and down
Piston action
This law explains the relationship of pressure and
volume
Boyle’s law
Enumerate the 3 factors that make intrapleural pressure negative
- surface tension of alveolar fluid
- elasticity of the lungs
- elasticity of the thoracic wall
TRUE OR FALSE: A lung with a good surfactant and abundant elastic tissue is a compliant lung
True
Why is the trachea made up of more cartilages?
To prevent its collapse
How many generations does the human airway have?
23
What generations of the human airway is the respiratory zone?
20-23
The primary respiratory cell that the walls of an alveolus are primarily composed of:
Type 1 cells (simple squamous epithelium)
Functional unit of the respiratory system
Alveoli
What does a surfactant do?
Decrease surface tension and increase lung compliance
Enumerate the components of surfactants
- Ca++
- Surfactant apoproteins
- DPPC (Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine)
TRUE OR FALSE: The respiratory system brings the
needed oxygen into the body and eliminates carbon dioxide from the body. The blood transports these gases, carrying carbon dioxide to the tissues and oxygen to the lungs.
False.
O2 to the tissues, CO2 to the lungs
The nose is an area of high infection due to high ___
Sebum
Enumerate the 2 layers of fluid on top of the cilia
- Gel layer
- Sol layer
When an individual has coughs / colds, the (1)___ layer is lessened and the (2)___ layer becomes more viscous
- Sol
- Gel
Entrance of esophagus and airway
Epiglottis
Structure found at the level of C6 that stabilizes the trachea at C6 area because the airways are so strong (strong suctioning) especially during labored breathing. Prevents the trachea from going in during inhalation and going out during exhalation.
Cricoid cartilage
If any debris goes in the respiratory system, it will be more dislodged in which primary bronchus?
Right primary bronchus
Assists in breathing movements by acting as a
lubricant
Pleural fluid
Extremely thin, slit-like space between the
pleurae, separating them by a thin layer of pleural
fluid
Pleural cavity
Prevents friction when the lungs expand and recoil because it rubs in the thoracic wall
Pericardial fluid
TRUE OR FALSE: There is no cartilage in bronchioles
True
Determine the corresponding descriptions of the generations of bronchial tree
- No gas exchange occurs
- Full gas exchange occurs
- Conducting zones
- Little gas exchange occurs here
- Alveoli, alveolar sacs, respiratory zones
A. Generations 1-17
B. Generations 18-19
C. Generations 20-23
- A
- C
- A
- B
- C
The cough reflex is only effective up to the ___ generation.
7th
So for postural drainage, the mucus is brought to the 7th gen
These carry blood which is low in oxygen from the heart to the lungs
Pulmonary arteries
Determine the corresponding descriptions of the cells in an alveolus
- Surfactant-secreting cell
- Lines alveolus and capillaries
- Alveolar macrophages
- Made up of fatty acids and calcium ions
- Reduce surface tension
A. Type 1 cell
B. Type 2 cell
C. Dust cell
- B
- A
- C
- B
- B
Region containing alveoli, tiny thin-walled sacs where gas exchange occurs
respiratory zone of the lungs
Sternum moves anteriorly and this increases the anterior-posterior diameter of lungs/chest cavity
Pump-handle effect
TRUE OR FALSE: A decrease of 1mmhg intrapulmonary pressure is enough to take in 500ml of air.
True
TRUE OR FALSE: With lower pressure and more airway resistance (e.g. acetylcholine constricts bronchioles), airflow to the lungs decreases
True
Airflow is directly related to pressure and inversely related to resistance.
Determine the corresponding descriptions of the lung volumes
- remaining amount of air inside alveolus to prevent lung collapse
- Inspiratory Reserve Volume + Expiratory Reserve Volume
- Tidal Volume + Inspiratory Reserve Volume
- 6L of air
- Expiratory Reserve Volume + Residual Volume
- Total amount of air that can be inhaled and
exhaled under volitional control
A. Vital Capacity
B. Inspiratory Capacity
C. Residual Volume
D. Functional Residual Capacity
E. Total Lung Capacity
- C
- A
- B
- E
- D
- A
Determine whether the following regarding dead space is true or false
- In an abnormal lung, PDS < ADS
- In normal lungs, anatomical dead space = physiological dead space
- The physiological DS are the gen 1-17
- Physiological dead space occurs when there is a lung pathology
- The anatomical DS are the gen 18-23
A. True
B. False
- B
- A
- B
- A
- B
