S2_L3: The Synapse Flashcards
TRUE OR FALSE: An EPSP can always produce an action potential
False
TRUE OR FALSE: As an EPSP or IPSP travels from dendrites to soma, its magnitude decreases
True
ACh vesicles conglomerate along ___
Active Zones
-> where small vesicles are located
What is a functional connection between a nerve and a 2nd cell?
Synapse
What is the cell before the synapse?
Presynaptic cell
What do you call the space in the synapse?
Synaptic cleft
What are stored in synaptic vesicles?
Neurotransmitters (ligands)
Which are parts of the small synaptic vesicles?
A. GABA
B. Oxytocin
C. Epinephrine
D. Both A and C
E. All of the above
D. Both A and C
What does the neurotransmitter activate in the
postsynaptic cell?
Receptor-ion channel
The term for the process of stimulating the postsynaptic cell once at multiple sites
Spatial summation
The term for the process of stimulating the postsynaptic cell multiple times at one site
Temporal summation
The principle where 1 nerve has 1000 branches and 1 nerve has axodendritic connections.
principle of divergence
The Golgi bottle neuron, Renshaw cell, and Interneurons are all ___ neurons.
inhibitory
Which of the following will NOT transmit the impulse?
A. Axo-somal
B. Axodendritic
C. Axo-axonic
D. Dendrodentritic
D. Dendrodentritic
High Na+ influx will cause what type of postsynaptic potential?
Excitatory Postsynaptic Potential
Opening of K+ channels, high Cl- conductance, and closure of Na+ or Ca++ channels will cause what type of postsynaptic potential?
Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potential
Small synaptic vesicles with a brownish / blackish dense central core contain __?
catecholamines
TRUE OR FALSE: The electrical synapse is always excitatory.
True
TRUE OR FALSE: In chemical synapses, the conduction is one-way conduction.
True
TRUE OR FALSE: Every part of nerve can receive and conduct impulses.
True, because it’s an excitable cell
The principle where 1 nerve receives 10,000 synaptic inputs (2,000 on the soma and 8,000 on the dendrites).
principle of convergence
TRUE OR FALSE: There is many mitochondria present in the presynaptic terminal.
True
Large synaptic vesicles with a dense core contain __?
neuropeptides
Ca2+ attaches to SNAP 25 and SNAP 25 elicit chain reaction and attaches all these protein complexes until ___ will pull the synaptic vesicle toward the plasma membrane.
synaptobrevin
A very potent muscle paralyzer that inhibits synaptobrevin, thus there is no protein to pull the synaptic vesicle toward the plasma membrane.
Botulinum toxin
Conglomeration of receptors for
neurotransmitters that immediately receive ligands, resulting in immediate transmission
Dense bars
In the process of an EPSP, the influx of ___ is the signal for exocytosis of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft and it will be received by the receptors in the post-synaptic cell
calcium
Determine the corresponding descriptions of direct & indirect inhibition
- Opens a different type of ligand-gated channel
- Effects of previous postsynaptic cell discharge
- Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potential
- During the refractory period and during the hyperpolarized stage
A. Direct Inhibition
B. Indirect Inhibition
- A
- B
- A
- B
TRUE OR FALSE: Opening of K+ channels, high Cl- conductance, and decrease in Ca++ entry are the mechanisms for presynaptic inhibition.
True
TRUE OR FALSE: To produce more EPSPs in the post-synaptic cell, presynaptic facilitation must occur. This happens by prolonging the AP in the presynaptic cell, where more
voltage gated potassium channels open and more calcium enters, resulting in more EPSPs.
True
This neurotransmitter increases cAMP and acts via the secondary messenger system which forces the K+ channels to close early during repolarization. This results in a prolonged AP and presynaptic facilitation.
Serotonin
The state wherein a neuron is on the verge of an action potential and needs 1 more signal to finally discharge.
Subliminal fringe
