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(1) Physiology > S2_L3: The Synapse > Flashcards

S2_L3: The Synapse Flashcards

1
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: An EPSP can always produce an action potential

A

False

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2
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: As an EPSP or IPSP travels from dendrites to soma, its magnitude decreases

A

True

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3
Q

ACh vesicles conglomerate along ___

A

Active Zones
-> where small vesicles are located

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4
Q

What is a functional connection between a nerve and a 2nd cell?

A

Synapse

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5
Q

What is the cell before the synapse?

A

Presynaptic cell

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6
Q

What do you call the space in the synapse?

A

Synaptic cleft

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7
Q

What are stored in synaptic vesicles?

A

Neurotransmitters (ligands)

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8
Q

Which are parts of the small synaptic vesicles?
A. GABA
B. Oxytocin
C. Epinephrine
D. Both A and C
E. All of the above

A

D. Both A and C

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9
Q

What does the neurotransmitter activate in the
postsynaptic cell?

A

Receptor-ion channel

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10
Q

The term for the process of stimulating the postsynaptic cell once at multiple sites

A

Spatial summation

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11
Q

The term for the process of stimulating the postsynaptic cell multiple times at one site

A

Temporal summation

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12
Q

The principle where 1 nerve has 1000 branches and 1 nerve has axodendritic connections.

A

principle of divergence

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13
Q

The Golgi bottle neuron, Renshaw cell, and Interneurons are all ___ neurons.

A

inhibitory

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14
Q

Which of the following will NOT transmit the impulse?
A. Axo-somal
B. Axodendritic
C. Axo-axonic
D. Dendrodentritic

A

D. Dendrodentritic

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15
Q

High Na+ influx will cause what type of postsynaptic potential?

A

Excitatory Postsynaptic Potential

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16
Q

Opening of K+ channels, high Cl- conductance, and closure of Na+ or Ca++ channels will cause what type of postsynaptic potential?

A

Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potential

17
Q

Small synaptic vesicles with a brownish / blackish dense central core contain __?

A

catecholamines

18
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The electrical synapse is always excitatory.

A

True

19
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: In chemical synapses, the conduction is one-way conduction.

A

True

20
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Every part of nerve can receive and conduct impulses.

A

True, because it’s an excitable cell

21
Q

The principle where 1 nerve receives 10,000 synaptic inputs (2,000 on the soma and 8,000 on the dendrites).

A

principle of convergence

22
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: There is many mitochondria present in the presynaptic terminal.

A

True

23
Q

Large synaptic vesicles with a dense core contain __?

A

neuropeptides

24
Q

Ca2+ attaches to SNAP 25 and SNAP 25 elicit chain reaction and attaches all these protein complexes until ___ will pull the synaptic vesicle toward the plasma membrane.

A

synaptobrevin

25
Q

A very potent muscle paralyzer that inhibits synaptobrevin, thus there is no protein to pull the synaptic vesicle toward the plasma membrane.

A

Botulinum toxin

26
Q

Conglomeration of receptors for
neurotransmitters that immediately receive ligands, resulting in immediate transmission

A

Dense bars

27
Q

In the process of an EPSP, the influx of ___ is the signal for exocytosis of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft and it will be received by the receptors in the post-synaptic cell

A

calcium

28
Q

Determine the corresponding descriptions of direct & indirect inhibition

  1. Opens a different type of ligand-gated channel
  2. Effects of previous postsynaptic cell discharge
  3. Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potential
  4. During the refractory period and during the hyperpolarized stage

A. Direct Inhibition
B. Indirect Inhibition

A
  1. A
  2. B
  3. A
  4. B
29
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Opening of K+ channels, high Cl- conductance, and decrease in Ca++ entry are the mechanisms for presynaptic inhibition.

A

True

30
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: To produce more EPSPs in the post-synaptic cell, presynaptic facilitation must occur. This happens by prolonging the AP in the presynaptic cell, where more
voltage gated potassium channels open and more calcium enters, resulting in more EPSPs.

A

True

31
Q

This neurotransmitter increases cAMP and acts via the secondary messenger system which forces the K+ channels to close early during repolarization. This results in a prolonged AP and presynaptic facilitation.

A

Serotonin

32
Q

The state wherein a neuron is on the verge of an action potential and needs 1 more signal to finally discharge.

A

Subliminal fringe

(1) Physiology (16 decks)

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