S1_L1: Study of Cells, Functional Organization & the Internal Environment, & Homeostasis Flashcards
Water accounts for what percent of body composition in the average young adult male?
60-70%
Protein accounts for what percent of body composition in the average young adult male?
18%
Oxygen rich and nutrient rich fluids that exist in an organism outside of
cells but sealed within the body cavities and vessels.
Extracellular fluid
TRUE OR FALSE: Extracellular fluid is the internal sea that is less dilute than sea water.
False. It is more dilute
Fat accounts for what percent of body composition in the average young adult male?
15%
The water component of blood and tighters of antibody that accounts 5% of body weight.
Blood plasma
The cellular elements of blood are known as?
Hematocrit
A procedure done by injecting chemicals that kills cancer cells and
surrounding cells (collateral damage). It is the gold standard for cancer treatment.
Chemotherapy
A scenario where one mistake in the DNA code produces a different code for protein is referred to as?
Code aberration
TRUE OR FALSE: Bodily water decreases as an individual gets older
True
TRUE OR FALSE: In obese individuals, a greater % of body fat means less water in their body fluids.
True
Fat is oil and oil doesn’t harbor water and these don’t mix
Intracellular fluid accounts for how much of the total body water?
Two-thirds
Extracellular fluid accounts for how much of the total body water?
One-third
Formula for total body water
0.6 x body weight in kg
Formula for intracellular fluid
0.4 x body weight in kg
Formula for extracellular fluid
0.2 x body weight in kg
Determine the corresponding description/examples of positive & negative feedback mechanisms
- Increase in one factor, produces a decrease in the other factor
- Giving birth
- Endocrine system, HPO axis
- Increase in one factor, increases the other
A. Positive feedback
B. Negative feedback
- B
- A
- B
- A
The maintenance of static or constant conditions in the
internal environment
Homeostasis
TRUE OR FALSE: Homeostasis is not equal to equilibrium because the external or internal environment may not be equal. Equilibrium means equal concentration in
one side and the other.
True
Enumerate the 5 reasons why it is important to study how cells function
- To remove abnormal cells
- To modulate cell activity
- To kill specific cells
- To influence cell communication
- To replace defective genes
During strenuous exercise, a higher respiratory rate would result in a ___ arterial pressure and pH.
higher
TRUE OR FALSE: In a cold environment, humans still lose body water through the skin and sweat
True
Human lose body water through ___ via the lungs
Respiration
Most body water is lost through this type of water loss.
Sensible water loss
Body water loss through the stomach, lungs, skin, and intestines. The individual is unaware of the water loss.
Insensible water loss
This replenishes intracellular fluid
Interstitial fluid
In cases of diarrhea where there is no water absorption due to the intestine shutting down so that it will not absorb the bacteria, the blood plasma is lesser which will ___ the number of cells.
increase
TRUE OR FALSE: When an electrolyte or ion is absorbed, water immediately follows.
True
TRUE OR FALSE: If an individual drinks water without any ions, the water will have a longer absorption time.
True
