S3_L3: Perineum Flashcards
Determine the corresponding descriptions of the spaces in the perineum
- Space between posterior surface of urinary bladder and the anterior surface of uterus
- Space between middle and upper rectum and the uterus
- Found on the sides of rectum
- Between superior part of urinary bladder and the upper and middle rectum
A. Pararectal space
B. Vesicouterine pouch
C. Rectovesical pouch
D. Rectouterine pouch/Pouch of Douglas
- B
- D
- A
- C
Determine the corresponding descriptions of the halves of the anal canal
- Has anal columns (Morgagni Columns) joined together at lower ends by anal valves (Morgagni Crypts)
- Supplied by somatic inferior rectal (hemorrhoidal) nerve
- Drains to pararectal node then to inferior mesenteric nodes
- Lined by stratified squamous epithelium
- Derived from the hindgut entoderm
- Sensitive to pain, touch, temperature and pressure
A. Upper half of anal canal
B. Lower half of anal canal
- A
- B
- A
- B
- A
- B
Determine the corresponding descriptions of the halves of the anal canal
- Lined by columnar epithelium
- Drains to medial group of superficial inguinal nodes
- Has no anal columns
- Supplied by autonomic hypogastric plexus, sensitive to stretch
- Derived from ectoderm of the proctodeum
- Blood supply is superior rectal
A. Upper half of anal canal
B. Lower half of anal canal
- A
- B
- B
- A
- B
- A
Determine the corresponding descriptions of the parts of the anal sphincter
- Attached to perineal body in front and coccyx behind
- Encircles upper end of anal canal
- Encircles lower end of anal canal
- The only part with bony attachment
- Puborectalis fibers of levatores ani blends with this part to form a sling
- Just beneath the skin, most superficial
A. Subcutaneous
B. Superficial
C. Deep
- B
- C
- A
- B
- C
- A
Determine the corresponding descriptions of the layers of the superficial fascia
- At the scrotum, it is replaced by the dartos muscle
- Continuous with superficial fascia of anterior abdominal wall (Scarpa’s fascia) and continues over the penis/clitoris
- Forms a distinct layer continuous with superficial fascia of scrotum/labia majora
- Also referred to as Camper’s fascia
- Continuous with the fat of the ischioanal fossa and superficial fascia of thigh
- Attached to the posterior part of perineal body and perineal membrane and laterally to pubic arch
A. Superficial fatty layer
B. Deep membranous layer
- A
- B
- B
- A
- A
- B
Determine the corresponding descriptions of the parts of the penis
- Foreskin, the hoodlike folk of skin that covers the glans
- Made of 2 corpora cavernosa and 1 corpus spongiosum
- Connects the glans to urethra orifice
- Composed of 3 cylindrical erectile tissue enclosed in tubular fascia
- Made of 3 masses of erectile tissue, has a bulb and right and left crura
- Distal expanded part of corpus spongiosum
A. Root
B. Body
C. Glans penis
D. Prepuce
E. Frenulum
- D
- B
- E
- B
- A
- C
Determine the corresponding covering of the testis and spermatic cord with the ff layers of the abdominal wall
- Cremasteric fascia and muscle
- Dartos muscle and Colles fascia
- Skin
- External spermatic fascia
A. Skin
B. Superficial fascia (Camper and Scarpa)
C. External oblique muscle
D. Internal oblique muscle
- D
- B
- A
- C
Determine the corresponding covering of the testis and spermatic cord with the ff layers of the abdominal wall
- Internal spermatic fascia
- Extraperitoneal fat
- Tunica vaginalis
- This does not continue into scrotal area
A. Transversus abdominis muscle
B. Transversalis fascia
C. Extraperitoneal fat
D. Parietal peritoneum
- B
- C
- D
- A
Determine the corresponding descriptions of the vestibular glands
- Secrete lubricating mucus during sexual intercourse
- Lie on each side of the vestibule
- Pair of small mucus secreting glands that lie under cover of the posterior parts of bulb of vestibule and labia majora
- Open into the vestibule by small ducts on each side of the external urethral orifice
A. Greater vestibular (Bartholin’s) glands
B. Lesser vestibular (Paraurethral) glands
- A
- B
- A
- B
Determine the corresponding counterparts of the male and female urogenital triangle
- Penis
- Scrotum
- Bulbourethral glands in male
- Appendix testis
- Bulb of Penis
- Prostate gland
A. Fallopian tubes
B. Clitoris
C. Bulb of Vestibule
D. Labia Majora
E. Paraurethral glands
F. Greater vestibular, Bartholin glands
- B
- D
- F
- A
- C
- E
Determine the corresponding descriptions of the contents of the female urogenital triangle
- Situated at Apex of vestibule anteriorly
- Female genital canal (birth canal) and excretory duct for menstrual flow
- Collective name for area of the female external genitalia
- Traverses the sphincter urethra and lies immediately in front of vagina
- Muscular tube extending up and back between the vulva and uterus
- Equivalent to Male penis
A. Vulva
B. Clitoris
C. Vagina
D. Urethra
- B
- C
- A
- D
- C
- B
Determine the corresponding descriptions of the contents of the superficial perineal pouch in females
- Found between lower end of vagina and anal canal
- Fibers extend to corpora cavernosa of clitoris
- Assists supporting the posterior wall of vagina
- Reduces size of vaginal orifice and compresses the deep dorsal vein of the clitoris assisting in erection
- Fibrous point in the middle line of the perineum
- Larger, wider than in males
A. Bulbospongiosus muscle
B. Ischiocavernosus muscle
C. Superficial transverse perineal muscle
D. Perineal body
- D
- A
- D
- A
- D
- D
Determine the corresponding descriptions of the ff clinical notes
- Coital injury, picket fence type of impalement injury, and vagina perforation caused by water under pressure
- Tying and division of uterine tube as permanent birth control
- Closeness of peritoneal cavity to the posterior vaginal fornix enables physician to drain a pelvic abscess through vagina without performing a major operation
- Implantation and growth of fertilized ovum occur outside the uterine cavity in the wall of the uterine tube
- Rupture of the tube (tubal abortion) occurs and effusion of large quantity of blood into the peritoneal cavity takes place
A. Culdocentesis
B. Vaginal trauma
C. Ectopic pregnancy
D. Tubal ligation
- B
- D
- A
- C
- C
Determine the corresponding descriptions of the ff clinical notes of the pelvic and perineal area
- A factor contributing to this is pressure of gravid uterus on inferior vena cava and inferior mesenteric vein
- Can cause severe painless hemorrhage by 28th week that can cause expansion of lower half of uterine wall
- Premature separation of placenta in which normal implantation has occurred
- Implantation of placenta in lower half of the body
- Can suddenly contract and the baby is born before 40th week
- Can be a result of an increase in progesterone levels that cause relaxation of smooth muscles in wall of veins and venous dilation
and an impaired venous return
A. Placenta abruption
B. Placenta previa
C. Varicose veins and hemorrhoids
- C
- B
- A
- B
- B
- C
Determine the corresponding vaginal supports of the sections of the vagina
- perineal membrane
- levatores ani and transverse cervical, pubocervical, and sacrocervical ligaments
- perineal body
A. Upper third
B. Middle third
C. Lower third
- B
- A
- C
Determine the corresponding lymph drainage of the sections of the vagina
- internal iliac nodes
- superficial inguinal nodes
- internal and external iliac nodes
A. Upper third
B. Middle third
C. Lower third
- B
- C
- A
Determine the corresponding descriptions of the parts of the clitoris
- Consists of 2 corpora cavernosa covered by ischiocavernosus muscle
- Has 2 bulbs instead of 1
- Small mass of erectile tissue that caps the body of the clitoris
- 3 erectile tissue called bulb of vestibule, right and left crura of clitoris
- Hidden by prepuce
- Provided by numerous sensory findings
A. Root
B. Body
C. Glans
- B
- A
- C
- A
- C
- C
Determine the corresponding descriptions of the clinical notes on hemorrhoids
- Mucous membrane of lower half of anal canal or skin covers this
- Varicosities of the superior rectal vein
- Varicosities of the tributaries of inferior rectal vein running laterally from the anal margin
- Usually within the anal canal, but if enlarged, it can extrude from canal during defacation
- Sensitive to pain, temperature, touch and pressure
A. External hemorrhoids
B. Internal hemorrhoids
- A
- B
- A
- B
- A
Determine the corresponding descriptions of the phases of defecation
- Puborectalis and external anal sphincter relax
- Internal and external anal sphincters relax
- Puborectalis, external and internal anal sphincters contract
- Levator ani, abdominal muscles and diaphragm contract
- Rectum contracts
A. Holding
B. Initiation
C. Completion
- B
- C
- A
- B
- C
Determine the corresponding contents of the superficial perineal pouch / space in male and female
- Perineal nerves and vessels
- Bulb of the penis plus the bulbospongiosus muscles
- Crura of clitoris plus the ischiocavernosus muscles
- Bulbs of the vestibule plus the bulbospongiosus muscles
- Superficial transverse perineal muscles
- Crura of the penis plus the ischiocavernosus muscles
A. In Male
B. In Female
C. In Both
- C
- A
- B
- B
- C
- A
Enumerate the contents of the deep perineal pouch / space in female
- Part of the urethra
- Inferior part of the external urethral sphincter
- Neurovascular branches of the external genitalia
- Anterior recesses of the ischioanal fossae
- Vagina
- Bulbourethral glands
- Deep transverse perineal muscle
In both male (penis) and female (clitoris), the bulb is covered by the (1)___ muscle, while the crura are covered by the (2)___ muscle.
- bulbospongiosus
- ischiocavernosus
Refers to the tubular fascia that encloses the 3 cylindrical erectile tissue of which the body of the penis is composed of
Buck’s fascia
TRUE OR FALSE: The glans is bigger than the penis body so that during intercourse, the sperm does not backflow.
True
The peak of sexual response cycle characterized by the involuntary, or autonomic limbic system, and is accompanied by quick cycles of muscle contraction in the lower pelvic region.
Orgasm
Laceration of vaginal wall (especially posterior fornix) can cause violation of ___ and cause prolapse of small intestine to vagina
Pouch of Douglas