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(1) Organ Anatomy > S2_L2: Abdominal Cavity > Flashcards

S2_L2: Abdominal Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

A system of ducts that drain and store bile and deliver them to the small intestine. It is composed of the following: Right and left hepatic duct, Common hepatic duct, Bile duct, Gallbladder, and Cystic duct.

A

Biliary tree

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2
Q

Enumerate the 4 structures that the transpyloric plane passes through

A
  1. Pylorus of stomach
  2. Duodenojejunal junction
  3. Neck of pancreas
  4. Hilum of kidneys
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3
Q

Determine the corresponding descriptions of the peritoneal pouches, recesses, spaces, and gutters

  1. pocketlike structures near the duodenojejunal junction
  2. located behind the stomach and lesser omentum, it starts from diaphragm to the layers of greater omentum.
  3. sites of collection of infection
  4. folds close to the cecum
  5. space between diaphragm and liver (on either side of falciform ligament)
  6. inverted V shape at the root of sigmoid colon

A. duodenal recesses
B. paracolic gutter
C. subphrenic space
D. intersigmoid recesses
E. lesser sac
F. cecal recesses

A
  1. A
  2. E
  3. B
  4. F
  5. C
  6. D
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4
Q

Enumerate the 4 duodenal recesses

A
  1. Superior duodenal
  2. Inferior duodenal
  3. Paraduodenal
  4. Retroduodenal
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5
Q

Enumerate the 3 cecal recesses

A
  1. Superior ileocecal
  2. Inferior ileocecal
  3. Retrocecal
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6
Q

The lesser sac lies behind the stomach. Its right margin opens into the greater sac through the ___.

A

Epiploic foramen / Foramen of Winslow

The opening between lesser and greater sacs

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7
Q

Determine the corresponding locations of the boundaries of the epiploic foramen

  1. Free border of lesser omentum, bile duct
  2. Caudate lobe of liver
  3. Hepatic artery, portal vein
  4. Inferior vena cava
  5. 1st part of duodenum

A. Anterior
B. Posterior
C. Superior
D. Inferior

A
  1. A
  2. C
  3. A
  4. B
  5. D
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8
Q

Determine the corresponding descriptions of the peritoneal ligaments, omenta, and mesenteries

  1. 2 layered folds of peritoneum connecting the stomach to another viscera
  2. Two layered fold of peritoneum that connect solid viscera to the abdominal wall
  3. Two layered folds of peritoneum connecting parts of intestines to the posterior abdominal wall
  4. Hold the liver to the inferior surface of the diaphragm
  5. Sickle-shaped fold connecting the anterior surface of liver to anterior abdominal wall. Ascend from umbilicus to the liver & contains the ligamentum teres

A. Peritoneal ligament
B. Omenta
C. Mesenteries
D. Falciform ligament
E. Coronary ligament

A
  1. B
  2. A
  3. C
  4. E
  5. D
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9
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Fats are stored in the peritoneal ligaments and mesenteries

A

True

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10
Q

The right extremity of the coronary ligament (right layer of the falciform ligament) is known to be the ___.

A

Right triangular ligament

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11
Q

Determine the corresponding descriptions of the omenta of the stomach

  1. connects greater curvature of stomach to transverse colon
  2. connects lesser curvature of stomach and proximal duodenum to undersurface of liver
  3. connect stomach (greater curvature) to hilum of spleen

A. gastrosplenic omentum
B. greater omentum (gastrocolic)
C. lesser omentum (gastrohepatic)

A
  1. B
  2. C
  3. A
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12
Q

A hormone that is produced by mucous membrane of the duodenum on the arrival of fatty food in the stomach. It causes the gallbladder to contract.

A

Cholecystokinin

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13
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The spleen is in close association with the GI tract but is not a component / direct outgrowth of the GI tract. Additionally, the spleen should never be palpable.

A

True

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14
Q

This abdominal viscus has a bare area devoid of peritoneum. It is completely surrounded by a fibrous capsule but only partially covered by peritoneum.

A

Liver

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15
Q

This abdominal viscus has a capacity of 30 to 50 mL and stores bile, which it concentrates by absorbing water.

A

Gallbladder

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16
Q

Refers to enlargement of the spleen

A

Splenomegaly

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17
Q

Determine the corresponding descriptions of the hormones secreted by the cortex of the adrenal gland

  1. control of metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and protein
  2. prepubertal development of sex organs
  3. control of fluid and electrolytes balance

A. Sex hormones
B. Fats and proteins
C. Mineralocorticoids
D. Glucocorticoids

A
  1. D
  2. A
  3. C
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18
Q

Determine the corresponding descriptions of the hormones secreted by the medulla of the adrenal gland

  1. to increase the force of skeletal muscle contraction and the rate and force of contraction of the heart
  2. to increase cardiac output and to raise glucose levels in the blood
  3. fight or flight response

A. Epinephrine
B. Catecholamines
C. Norepinephrine

A
  1. C
  2. A
  3. B
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19
Q

This abdominal viscus is the area of greatest absorption of nutrients, water, and vitamins, as well as the area of greatest mixture of enzymes, acids, and food products taken in.

A

Small intestine

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20
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: There is no organ within the peritoneal cavity.

A

True

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21
Q

Determine the corresponding descriptions of the structures associated with the large intestine

  1. Bifurcates to right and left common iliac at the level of 4th lumbar vertebrae (intercristal plane)
  2. It can be located halfway between ASIS and symphysis pubis
  3. Passes under inguinal ligament to continue as femoral artery
  4. Descends in front of sacrum and pierce the pelvic floor to continue with anal canal
  5. Begins at pelvic inlet and hangs down to pelvic cavity in an S shaped loop
  6. Full bladder and pregnant uterus can be palpated above the symphysis pubis

A. Sigmoid colon
B. Rectum
C. Urinary bladder
D. Aorta
E. External iliac artery

A
  1. D
  2. E
  3. E
  4. B
  5. A
  6. C
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22
Q

Determine the corresponding descriptions of the structures associated with the large intestine

  1. From left costal margin on the lateral side of the left vertical line. It occupies left upper and lower quadrants.
  2. Located at the right lower quadrant
  3. Bends to left at the right colic flexure
  4. The largest and most cavernous
  5. Upon reaching the spleen on the left, goes downward to form the left colic flexure
  6. Occupies the umbilical region

A. Cecum
B. Appendix
C. Ascending colon
D. Transverse colon
E. Descending colon

A
  1. E
  2. B
  3. C
  4. A
  5. D
  6. D
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23
Q

The right colic flexure is aka

A

Hepatic flexure

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24
Q

The left colic flexure is aka

A

Splenic flexure

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25
Q

In erect posture the lower part of the U (transverse colon) extends down to the ___.

A

Pelvis

26
Q

The base of the appendix is situated at the ___.

A

McBurney’s point

1/3 from the ASIS to the umbilicus

27
Q

Determine the corresponding descriptions of the regions of the small intestine

  1. Starts from the duodenojejunal junction
  2. C-shaped, located in the epigastric and umbilical region
  3. Its 1st part lies on transpyloric plane 4 fingerbreadths to the right of the midline
  4. Located on the lower right part of abdominal cavity. It connects to the 1st segment of large intestine (cecum) near the appendix.
  5. It ends at the ileocecal junction
  6. Located on the upper left part of abdominal cavity

A. Duodenum
B. Jejunum
C. Ileum

A
  1. B
  2. A
  3. A
  4. C
  5. C
  6. B
28
Q

It is the junction between the small and large intestines. It acts similar to a door, preventing the reflux of products in the large intestine to the small intestine.

A

Ileocecal valve

29
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The duodenum and jejunum are around 20 feet and mobile.

A

False. It is the jejunum and ileum

30
Q

It is the junction between stomach and esophagus, located 3 fingerbreadths below and left of the xiphisternal junction.

A

Cardioesophageal junction / Gastroesophageal (GE) junction

31
Q

The area where the stomach will exit into the small intestine

A

Pylorus

32
Q

The liver is responsible for the production and secretion of bile. How many milliliters of bile is secreted per hour?

A

40 mL per hour

33
Q

The right adrenal / suprarenal gland is (1)___-shaped, while the left is (2)___-shaped.

A
  1. pyramid
  2. crescent
34
Q

Each adrenal / suprarenal gland has a yellow (1)___ and a dark brown (2)___.

A
  1. cortex
  2. medulla
35
Q

The term used to describe structures totally covered with visceral peritoneum

A

Intraperitoneal

36
Q

Organs that lie behind the peritoneum and are only partially covered with visceral peritoneum

A

retroperitoneal organs

37
Q

Determine the corresponding retroperitoneal classification of the following viscera

  1. 2nd, 3rd, 4th parts of duodenum
  2. Kidneys
  3. Neck of pancreas
  4. Ureters
  5. Ascending colon
  6. Inferior vena cava
  7. Upper two-thirds of rectum

A. Primarily retroperitoneal
B. Secondarily retroperitoneal

A
  1. B
  2. A
  3. B
  4. A
  5. B
  6. A
  7. A
38
Q

Determine the corresponding retroperitoneal classification of the following viscera

  1. Body of pancreas
  2. Adrenal / suprarenal glands
  3. Head of pancreas
  4. Urinary bladder
  5. Descending colon
  6. Aorta
  7. Part of the esophagus

A. Primarily retroperitoneal
B. Secondarily retroperitoneal

A
  1. B
  2. A
  3. B
  4. A
  5. B
  6. A
  7. A
39
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The tail of the pancreas is located in the splenorenal ligament.

A

True

40
Q

Enumerate the components of the portal triad

A
  1. hepatic artery
  2. portal vein
  3. (tributary of a) bile duct
41
Q

Determine the corresponding functions of the following viscera

  1. Controls water and electrolyte balance
  2. Excretes cholesterol and secretes mucus
  3. Excretes most of the waste products of metabolism
  4. Involvement in metabolic activity related to carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism
  5. Endocrine gland: produces insulin and glucagon for carbohydrate metabolism

A. Liver
B. Gallbladder
C. Pancreas
D. Kidneys

A
  1. D
  2. B
  3. D
  4. A
  5. C
42
Q

Determine the corresponding functions of the following viscera

  1. Filtration of blood (removal of bacteria)
  2. Exocrine gland: secretes enzymes that hydrolyzes proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
  3. Concentrates and stores bile
  4. Maintain acid-base balance of the blood
  5. Selectively absorb bile salts

A. Liver
B. Gallbladder
C. Pancreas
D. Kidneys

A
  1. A
  2. C
  3. B
  4. D
  5. B
43
Q

This fluid contains leukocytes and can seal off an area of infection so it remains localized. It is also for mobility of the viscera and lubricates the surface of the peritoneum.

A

Peritoneal fluid

44
Q

The largest cavity in body serving as the space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum.

A

Peritoneal cavity

45
Q

The ureter from each kidney runs down vertical to the ___ muscle

A

psoas

46
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The right kidney is slightly lower than the left.

A

True, because of large size of right liver

47
Q

Each kidney has a dark brown outer (1)___ and a light brown inner (2)___.

A
  1. cortex
  2. medulla
48
Q

Each kidney spans what vertebral levels?

A

T12-L3

49
Q

Arrange the coverings of the kidney from innermost to outermost

Choices: Perirenal fat, Pararenal fat, Renal fascia, Fibrous capsule

A
  1. Fibrous capsule
  2. Perirenal fat
  3. Renal fascia
  4. Pararenal fat
50
Q

The covering that encloses the kidney and suprarenal glands and is continuous laterally with the transversalis fascia. It is the condensation of connective tissue outside the perirenal fat.

A

Renal fascia

51
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The suprarenal glands are separated from the kidneys by the perirenal fat.

A

True

52
Q

Determine the corresponding landmarks / levels of the following structures

  1. Esophagus
  2. Spleen
  3. Transpyloric plane
  4. Fundus of gallbladder

A. body of L1
B. tip of the right 9th costal cartilage
C. 0.5 inch enters the stomach on its right
D. long axis of 10th rib

A
  1. C
  2. D
  3. A
  4. B
53
Q

Determine the corresponding descriptions of the following structures

  1. Produces about ⅓ to ½ of all body lymph
  2. Synthesize heparin, an anticoagulant important for detoxification
  3. Passes forward to splenorenal ligament and comes in contact with hilum of spleen
  4. Covered by 9th, 10th and 11th ribs
  5. Constricted portion in in front of portal vein and beginning of superior mesenteric artery
  6. Lies in the C-loop / concavity of duodenum, below and to the right of the transpyloric plane

A. Head of pancreas
B. Neck of pancreas
C. Body of pancreas
D. Tail of pancreas
E. Spleen
F. Liver

A
  1. F
  2. F
  3. D
  4. E
  5. B
  6. A
54
Q

Determine the corresponding descriptions of the following structures

  1. Oval-shaped and the largest single mass of lymphoid tissue in the body
  2. Found on left of the midline and lies behind the left lobe of the liver
  3. Soft lobulated organ in epigastric region, found behind stomach and extends from duodenum to spleen
  4. Pear shape sac under the R lobe of liver
  5. J-shaped structure located at the upper left quadrant, epigastric, and umbilical regions
  6. Large, highly vascularized organ and the largest gland in the body

A. Stomach
B. Esophagus
C. Pancreas
D. Gallbladder
E. Spleen
F. Liver

A
  1. E
  2. B
  3. C
  4. D
  5. A
  6. F
55
Q

The endocrine cells of the pancreas are aka

A

pancreatic islets (islet of Langerhans)

56
Q

The head of the pancreas has a disc-shaped prolongation that extends to the left behind the superior mesenteric artery/vessels. This is referred to as the ___.

A

uncinate process

57
Q

Arterial and venous blood passes between liver cells by means of ___ and drains into the central vein. The central vein of each lobule is a tributary of the hepatic veins.

A

sinusoids

58
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The visceral peritoneum is sensitive to stretch and tear (pain) while the mesenteries are sensitive to mechanical stretching.

A

True

59
Q

Peritoneal fluid contains ___ and ensures that the mobile viscera glide easily. The fluid acts as a lubricant and allows no friction between organs.

A

leukocytes

These makes the area sterile / free from infection.

60
Q

Determine the corresponding nerve supply of the parietal peritoneum of the following structures

  1. Phrenic nerve
  2. Obturator nerve
  3. Lower 6 thoracic nerves
  4. Lower 6 thoracic and 1st lumbar nerves

A. Surrounding the anterior abdominal wall
B. In the central area of diaphragm
C. Part in the pelvis
D. Diaphragmatic peritoneum

A
  1. B
  2. C
  3. D
  4. A
61
Q

Up to 3 years old, the liver can be palpated ___ fingerbreadths below the right costal margin.

A

1-2

Additional: In adults, the liver cannot be felt, but in very thin patients, the lower edge can be felt 1 fingerbreadth below the costal margin and is best felt during inspiration.

(1) Organ Anatomy (11 decks)

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