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(1) Organ Anatomy > S3_L2: Pelvic Cavity > Flashcards

S3_L2: Pelvic Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The sigmoid colon, rectum, and anal canal are the most caudal parts of GI tract.

A

True

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2
Q

Determine the corresponding descriptions of the ff structures

  1. Lower part of the rectum that is dilated
  2. Continuous with the rectum in front of the 3rd sacral vertebra (S3)
  3. Produced by the puborectalis muscle forming a sling at the junction of the rectum with the anal canal
  4. Deviates to the left but quickly returns to median plane
  5. 2 or 3 semicircular permanent folds formed by mucous membrane of the rectum with the circular muscle layers
  6. Common site of cancer of the large bowel

A. Sigmoid colon
B. Rectum
C. Rectal ampulla
D. Anorectal angle
E. Houston valves (transverse folds of the rectum)

A
  1. C
  2. A
  3. D
  4. B
  5. E
  6. A
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3
Q

Determine the corresponding descriptions of the ureters in males and females

  1. Near its termination, it is crossed by the vas deferens
  2. It turns forward and medially beneath the base of broad ligament, where the uterine artery crosses it
  3. Runs downward and backward in front of internal iliac artery and behind ovary until it reaches ischial spine
  4. It passes obliquely through wall of bladder for 0.75 in (1.9 cm) before opening into bladder
  5. It runs forward, lateral to the lateral fornix of vagina to enter the bladder
  6. It runs down lateral wall of pelvis anterior of the internal iliac artery and turns forward to enter lateral angle of bladder

A. Male ureters
B. Female ureters

A
  1. A
  2. B
  3. B
  4. A
  5. B
  6. A
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4
Q

Determine the corresponding descriptions of the ff structures

  1. Made of smooth muscle, the muscular coat of bladder
  2. Begins at the base of bladder and ends with external opening in the perineum
  3. Muscular tube that extends from kidney to the posterior surface of bladder
  4. Has a strong muscular wall and its shape and relations vary accd. to the amount of urine it contains
  5. 3 layered interlacing bundles of the urinary bladder wall
  6. Immediately behind the pubic bones in both sexes

A. Ureters
B. Urinary bladder
C. Urethra
D. Detrusor muscle

A
  1. D
  2. C
  3. A
  4. B
  5. D
  6. B
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5
Q

Determine the corresponding descriptions of the urethra in males and females

  1. Short, about 4 cm long
  2. Bends twice along its course beginning at the base of bladder and passing inferior to the prostate
  3. Travels in a slightly curved course
  4. Is long, about 20 cm
  5. Opening is anterior to the vaginal opening

A. Male urethra
B. Female urethra

A
  1. B
  2. A
  3. B
  4. A
  5. B
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6
Q

Determine the corresponding descriptions of the urinary bladder in males and females

  1. 2 vas deferentia lie side by side on the base of bladder separating the seminal vesicles from each other
  2. Neck of bladder lies inferiorly and rests on the upper surface of prostate gland
  3. Lies at a lower level due to the absence of prostate gland
  4. Rectovesical fascia, vasa deferentia, and seminal vesicles separate lower part of base from rectum
  5. Base is separated from the rectum by the vagina
  6. Apex of bladder lies behind symphysis pubis

A. Male bladder
B. Female bladder

A
  1. A
  2. A
  3. B
  4. A
  5. B
  6. B
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7
Q

Determine the corresponding descriptions of the urinary bladder in males and females

  1. Neck lies directly on the upper surface of the urogenital diaphragm
  2. Upper part of base of bladder is covered by peritoneum, forming anterior wall of rectovesical pouch
  3. Superior surface is related to uterovesical pouch of peritoneum and body of uterus
  4. Neck is held in position by puboprostatic ligaments
  5. Neck is held in position by pubovesical ligaments

A. Male bladder
B. Female bladder

A
  1. B
  2. A
  3. B
  4. A
  5. B
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8
Q

Determine the corresponding descriptions of the common neurogenic bladder in SCI patients

  1. Bladder may be partially emptied by manual compression
  2. Bladder fills and empties reflexly; Simple reflex occurs every 1–4 hrs
  3. Bladder muscle is relaxed and sphincter is tightly contracted then bladder becomes distended and finally overflows
  4. Occurs in sacral segment (pudendal nerve)
  5. Patient is not aware the bladder is full
  6. Bladder is without external reflex control

A. Atonic bladder
B. Automatic reflex bladder
C. Autonomous bladder

A
  1. C
  2. B
  3. A
  4. C
  5. A
  6. C
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9
Q

Determine the corresponding descriptions of the common neurogenic bladder in SCI patients

  1. Type of bladder found also in infants
  2. Bladder wall is flaccid and capacity of bladder is greatly increased
  3. Occurs during spinal shock or immediately after a spinal cord injury
  4. Infection and back pressure effect in ureter and kidneys are inevitable
  5. Sphincter vesicae and urethral sphincter both relax
  6. Occurs after patient has recovered from spinal shock (lesion above S2-4, spinal shock: 24-48 hrs)

A. Atonic bladder
B. Automatic reflex bladder
C. Autonomous bladder

A
  1. B
  2. C
  3. A
  4. C
  5. B
  6. B
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10
Q

Determine the corresponding descriptions of the parts of the male urethra

  1. Shortest and narrowest part, 1-2 cm long
  2. Passes through the bulb and corpus spongiosum of the penis
  3. Associated with internal urethral sphincter
  4. Forms a gentle curvature with anterior concavity
  5. The longest part (15-16 cm and 5 mm in diameter)
  6. Descends through the anterior part of the prostate

A. Preprostatic Urethra (Intramural part of urethra)
B. Prostatic urethra
C. Membranous part
D. Spongy urethra

A
  1. C
  2. D
  3. A
  4. B
  5. D
  6. B
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11
Q

Determine the corresponding descriptions of the structures found in / related to the male urethra

  1. Depression on the summit of urethral crest, analog of uterus and vagina in females
  2. Spongy part of urethra located in the expanded in the bulb of penis
  3. The membranous part is posterolaterally related with it
  4. Groove on each side of the urethral crest and the prostatic glands open into these grooves
  5. Longitudinal ridge on the posterior wall
  6. Spongy part of urethra located in the glans penis

A. Urethral crest
B. Prostatic sinus
C. Prostatic utricle
D. Bulbourethral (Cowper’s gland)
E. Intrabulbar fossa
F. Navicular fossa

A
  1. C
  2. E
  3. D
  4. B
  5. A
  6. F
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12
Q

Determine the corresponding descriptions of the ff structures in males

  1. Produces thin milky fluid containing citric acid and acid phosphatase that is added to seminal fluid at the time of ejaculation
  2. Drains seminal fluid into the prostatic urethra
  3. Opens into the bulb of the spongy urethra at root of penis
  4. Not part of reproductive system of males; a glandular organ
  5. Secretion contains substances essential for nourishment of spermatozoa
  6. Conveys mature sperm from epididymis to the ejaculatory duct and the urethra

A. Vas deferens / Ductus deferens
B. Seminal vesicles
C. Ejaculatory ducts
D. Prostate gland
E. Bulbourethral glands (Cowper’s gland)

A
  1. D
  2. C
  3. E
  4. D
  5. B
  6. A
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13
Q

Determine the corresponding descriptions of the ff structures in females

  1. Connects the peritoneal cavity in the region of the ovary with the cavity of the uterus
  2. Upper anterior wall is pierced by the cervix and it projects downward and backward into upper vagina
  3. Produces female sex hormones estrogen and progesterone
  4. Its divisions / archlike regions are called fornices
  5. Hollow, pear shaped organ with thick muscular walls
  6. Fertilization can happen at the uterus, but most of the time it occurs at this structure

A. Ovary
B. Uterine tube / Fallopian tube
C. Uterus
D. Vagina

A
  1. B
  2. D
  3. A
  4. D
  5. C
  6. B
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14
Q

Determine the corresponding descriptions of the ff structures in females

  1. Lie in the upper border of the broad ligament
  2. Site of egg production (oogenesis); creates ova
  3. Covered with peritoneum except anteriorly, below level of internal os
  4. By end of pregnancy, contractility of this structure has been fully developed in response to estrogen and is sensitive to actions of oxytocin
  5. In the young nulliparous adult, it measures 3 in., 2 in. wide, and 1 in. thick
  6. Provides nourishment for the fertilized ovum and transports it to the cavity of uterus

A. Ovary
B. Uterine tube / Fallopian tube
C. Uterus
D. Vagina

A
  1. B
  2. A
  3. C
  4. C
  5. C
  6. B
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15
Q

Determine the corresponding descriptions of the ff structures in females

  1. Serves as site for the reception, retention and nutrition of the fertilized ovum
  2. Anteriorly, it is related to the bladder (above) and urethra (below)
  3. Position is variable and often hangs down in the rectouterine pouch (pouch of Douglas)
  4. Serves a conduit along which spermatozoa travel to reach ovum
  5. Oval-shaped and attached to the back of broad ligament by the mesovarium
  6. Its muscular activity is largely independent of extrinsic innervation

A. Ovary
B. Uterine tube / Fallopian tube
C. Uterus
D. Vagina

A
  1. C
  2. D
  3. A
  4. B
  5. A
  6. C
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16
Q

Determine the corresponding descriptions of the parts of the broad ligament

  1. ovary attaches to posterior layer of broad ligament by this
  2. part of broad ligament that attaches to the uterine tube and runs between uterine tube and mesovarium
  3. part of broad ligament that attaches to lateral margins of the uterus
  4. part of broad ligament that lies lateral to attachment of mesovarium forms this

A. Mesometrium
B. Mesovarium
C. Suspensory ligament of ovary
D. Mesosalpinx

A
  1. B
  2. D
  3. A
  4. C
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17
Q

The vestigial structure that lies in broad ligament above the attachment of mesovarium. It represents the remains of mesonephros.

A

Epoophoron

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18
Q

The vestigial structure that lies in broad ligament lateral to the uterus. It is a mesonephric remnant.

A

Paroophoron

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19
Q

What is the maximum capacity of the urinary bladder in adults?

A

500 mL / 500 cc of urine

Additional: The bladder can hold twice this amount without rupturing if, for example, the outflow is obstructed.

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20
Q

Determine the corresponding descriptions of the parts of the urinary bladder

  1. Faces posteriorly and is triangular
  2. Joined by the ureters
  3. Connected to the umbilicus by the median umbilical ligament (remains of urachus)
  4. Related in front to the retropubic pad of fat and pubic bone
  5. Covered by peritoneum; related to coils of ileum or sigmoid
  6. Gives rise to the urethra

A. Apex
B. Base
C. Inferior angle (Neck)
D. Superior surface
E. Two inferolateral surfaces
F. Superolateral angles

A
  1. B
  2. F
  3. A
  4. E
  5. D
  6. C
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21
Q

Determine the corresponding descriptions of the ff structures

  1. Internal urethral orifice
  2. A small elevation situated immediately behind urethral orifice, produced by underlying median lobe of prostate
  3. Openings of ureters
  4. The trigone is limited above by this muscular ridge. It runs from opening of one ureter to the other.
  5. Supplied by autonomic nervous system

A. Superior angles of trigone
B. Inferior angle of trigone
C. Interureteric ridge
D. Uvula vesicae
E. Detrusor muscle

A
  1. B
  2. D
  3. A
  4. C
  5. E
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22
Q

At the neck of the bladder, circular component of the muscle coat (detrusor muscle) is thickened to form what structure?

A

sphincter vesicae (internal urethral sphincter)

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23
Q

In the micturition reflex, when the bladder is stretched, this signals the parasympathetic nervous system to contract the (1)___ and inhibit action (relaxation) of the (2)___. This encourages the bladder to expel urine through the urethra.

A
  1. detrusor muscle
  2. sphincter vesicae (internal urethral sphincter)
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24
Q

Determine the corresponding descriptions of the parts of the male urethra

  1. Associated with the external urethral sphincter
  2. Widest and most dilatable part
  3. Ends at the external urethral orifice
  4. Begins at the apex of prostate and ends at the bulb of the penis
  5. Prevents retrograde movement of semen to the bladder
  6. Traverses the deep perineal pouch and passes through the external urethral sphincter and perineal membrane

A. Preprostatic Urethra (Intramural part of urethra)
B. Prostatic urethra
C. Membranous part
D. Spongy urethra

A
  1. C
  2. B
  3. D
  4. C
  5. A
  6. C
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25
Q

Determine the corresponding descriptions of the lobes of the prostate gland

  1. Separated from one another by shallow vertical groove on posterior surface of prostate
  2. Wedge-shaped and rich in glands
  3. Devoid of glandular tissue
  4. Between urethra and ejaculatory ducts
  5. Upper surface is related to trigone
  6. Behind urethra and below ejaculatory ducts, with glandular tissue

A. Anterior
B. Middle or median
C. Posterior
D. Left and right lateral lobes

A
  1. D
  2. B
  3. A
  4. B
  5. B
  6. C
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26
Q

Determine the corresponding relationships of the prostate gland

  1. Apex lies on upper surface of urogenital diaphragm, urethra leaves prostate just above apex on anterior surface
  2. Anterior fibers of levator ani (levator prostatae)
  3. Related to symphysis pubis separated by extraperitoneal fat in the retropubic space (cave of Retzius)
  4. Base of prostate is continuous with neck of bladder, urethra enters center of base of prostate
  5. Anterior surface of rectal ampulla separated by rectovesical septum (fascia of Denonvilliers)

A. Anteriorly
B. Posteriorly
C. Laterally
D. Superiorly
E. Inferiorly

A
  1. E
  2. C
  3. A
  4. D
  5. B
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27
Q

Determine the corresponding descriptions of the ff structures in females

  1. Remains of upper part of gubernaculum, connects lateral margin of uterus to ovary
  2. Modified area of peritoneum that covers the tunica albuginea
  3. Part of broad ligament between mesovarium and lateral wall of pelvis
  4. The depression where the ovary lies against the lateral wall of pelvis
  5. Thin fibrous capsule around ovary

A. Suspensory ligament of ovary
B. Round ligament of ovary
C. Tunica albuginea
D. Germinal epithelium
E. Ovarian fossa

A
  1. B
  2. D
  3. A
  4. E
  5. C
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28
Q

Determine the corresponding descriptions of the parts of the uterine tube

  1. Segment that pierces uterine wall
  2. Receives eggs
  3. Widest part of tube
  4. Funnel shaped lateral end that projects beyond the broad ligament and overlies the ovary
  5. Narrowest part; just lateral to uterus
  6. Where fertilization of ova and sperm takes place

A. Infundibulum
B. Ampulla
C. Isthmus
D. Intramural part

A
  1. D
  2. A
  3. B
  4. A
  5. C
  6. B
29
Q

Determine the corresponding descriptions of the structure of the uterus

  1. Applied directly to the muscle; has no submucosa
  2. Fascia where uterine artery crosses the ureter on each side of cervix
  3. Muscular wall, thick, made up of smooth muscle supported by connective tissue
  4. The middle layer
  5. Undergoes extensive changes during menstrual cycle in response to ovarian hormones
  6. Mucous membrane lining the body of uterus

A. Parametrium
B. Endometrium
C. Myometrium

A
  1. B
  2. A
  3. C
  4. C
  5. B
  6. B
30
Q

Determine the corresponding descriptions of the parts of the uterus

  1. Lies above the entrance of uterine tubes
  2. Triangular in coronal section but is merely a cleft in the sagittal plane
  3. Lies below entrance of uterine tubes; is continuous with cervix
  4. Low, narrow part of uterus; pierces anterior wall of vagina
  5. The cavity of cervix, the cervical canal, communicates with this through the internal os and the vagina through external os

A. Fundus
B. Body
C. Cervix
D. Cavity of uterine body

A
  1. A
  2. D
  3. B
  4. C
  5. D
31
Q

Determine the corresponding relationships of the body of uterus

  1. Rectouterine pouch (pouch of Douglas), with coils of ileum or sigmoid colon within it
  2. Uterovesical pouch and superior surface of bladder
  3. The broad ligament and uterine artery and vein

A. Anteriorly
B. Posteriorly
C. Laterally

A
  1. B
  2. A
  3. C
32
Q

Determine the corresponding relationships of the supravaginal cervix

  1. Superior surface of bladder
  2. Ureter as it passes forward to enter bladder

A. Anteriorly
B. Laterally

A
  1. A
  2. B
33
Q

Determine the corresponding relationships of the vaginal cervix

  1. Lateral fornix of vagina
  2. Anterior fornix of vagina

A. Anteriorly
B. Laterally

A
  1. B
  2. A
34
Q

Determine the corresponding descriptions of the uterine positions

  1. In the erect position with bladder empty
  2. Fundus and body of uterus are bent backward on vagina, so they lie on rectouterine pouch
  3. Long axis of uterus is bent forward at about 90 degrees to long axis of vagina
  4. Body of uterus is bent backward on cervix
  5. Long axis of uterus is bent forward at level of internal os with long axis of cervix

A. Anteversion of uterus
B. Anteflexion of uterus
C. Retroverted uterus
D. Retroflexed uterus
E. Uterus lies in an almost horizontal plane

A
  1. E
  2. C
  3. A
  4. D
  5. B
35
Q

Determine the corresponding descriptions of the uterine supports

  1. Consist of 2 firm bands of connective tissue that pass to the cervix from posterior surface of pubis
  2. Consist of 2 firm fibromuscular bands of pelvic fascia that pass to the cervix and upper end of vagina from lower end of sacrum
  3. Fibromuscular condensations of pelvic fascia that pass to cervix and upper end of vagina from lateral wall of pelvis
  4. Form 2 ridges, one on each side of rectouterine pouch (pouch of Douglas)
  5. Positioned on each side of neck of bladder to which they give some support
  6. Remains of lower half of gubernaculum, may keep uterus anteverted and anteflexed

A. Levator ani
B. Transverse Cervical (Cardinal) Ligament
C. Pubocervical ligament
D. Sacrocervical ligaments
E. Round ligament of uterus
F. Pubovesical ligaments

A
  1. C
  2. D
  3. B
  4. D
  5. F
  6. E
36
Q

Determine the corresponding descriptions of the types of uterus

  1. Result of hypertrophy of smooth muscle fibers of myometrium
  2. By the 3rd month, fundus rises out of pelvis
  3. Uterus atrophies, becomes smaller and less vascular
  4. Fundus and body of uterus are small
  5. Ovaries no longer produce estrogen and progesterone
  6. Becomes greatly enlarged as a result of increased estrogen and progesterone, first by corpus luteum of ovary and later by placenta

A. Prepuberty Uterus (Uterus in the Child)
B. Postmenopausal Uterus
C. Pregnant Uterus

A
  1. C
  2. C
  3. B
  4. A
  5. B
  6. C
37
Q

Determine the corresponding relationships of the vagina posteriorly

  1. Ampulla of rectum
  2. Perineal body
  3. Rectouterine pouch (Pouch of Douglas)

A. Upper third
B. Middle third
C. Lower third

A
  1. B
  2. C
  3. A
38
Q

Determine the corresponding relationships of the vagina laterally

  1. Urogenital diaphragm and bulb of the vestibule
  2. Ureters
  3. Anterior fibers (puborectalis) of levator ani as they run backward to reach perineal body and hook around anorectal junction

A. Upper third
B. Middle third
C. Lower third

A
  1. C
  2. A
  3. B
39
Q

Determine the corresponding relationships of the rectum

  1. Coils of ileum at the rectouterine pouch or pouch of Douglas
  2. Sacral plexus and sympathetic plexus
  3. Sigmoid colon, coils of ilium (rectovesical pouch), bladder
  4. Piriformis, coccygeus, levatores ani muscles
  5. Posterior surface of vagina
  6. Termination of vas deferens and seminal vesicle, prostate

A. Anterior
B. Posterior

A
  1. A
  2. B
  3. A
  4. B
  5. A
  6. A
40
Q

By the 9th month of pregnancy, the fundus of the uterus has reached the ___.

A

xiphoid process

41
Q

Determine the corresponding descriptions of the ff structures in males

  1. During ejaculation, it contracts and expels its contents into ejaculatory ducts
  2. It pierces the posterior surface of prostate and opens into prostatic part of urethra, close to the margin of prostatic utricle
  3. Its secretion is alkaline and helps neutralize the acidity in vagina
  4. Formed by union of vas deferens and duct of seminal vesicle
  5. Arises from tail (lower end) of epididymis and passes through inguinal canal
  6. Unpaired fibromuscular glandular organ that surrounds the prostatic urethra

A. Vas deferens / Ductus deferens
B. Seminal vesicles
C. Ejaculatory ducts
D. Prostate gland
E. Bulbourethral glands (Cowper’s gland)

A
  1. B
  2. C
  3. D
  4. C
  5. A
  6. D
42
Q

Determine the corresponding descriptions of the ff structures in males

  1. Made of numerous glands (30-40) embedded in mixture of smooth muscle and connective tissue
  2. Terminal part of vas deferens lies on medial side of this structure
  3. Washes the spermatozoa out of the urethra
  4. Lies between neck of bladder above and urogenital diaphragm below
  5. Surrounded by a fibrous capsule, somewhat conical in shape
  6. Has 4 lobes (2 on each side) and consists of a much-coiled tube embedded in connective tissue

A. Vas deferens / Ductus deferens
B. Seminal vesicles
C. Ejaculatory ducts
D. Prostate gland
E. Bulbourethral glands (Cowper’s gland)

A
  1. D
  2. B
  3. B
  4. D
  5. D
  6. B
43
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The lower third of the rectum is devoid of peritoneum.

A

True

44
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: In adults, an empty bladder is pyramidal in shape. The mucous membrane of greater part of empty bladder is thrown into folds that disappear when bladder is full.

A

True

45
Q

As the bladder fills, its superior wall rises up into the ___ region while the base and neck remain unchanged in position.

A

hypogastric

46
Q

A condition caused by hypertrophy of the lobes of the prostate gland. The middle and lateral lobes are usually affected.

A

Benign Prostate Hyperplasia (BPH)

47
Q

It is the chief artery supplying the mucous membrane of the rectum

A

Superior rectal artery

48
Q

Enumerate the contents of the broad ligament

A
  1. Uterine tube in its upper free border
  2. Round ligament of the ovary and uterus
  3. Uterine and ovarian blood vessels, lymph vessels and nerves
  4. Epoophoron
  5. Paroophoron
49
Q

The connective tissue that fills the gap between separated layers of broad ligament

A

Parametrium

50
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Superiorly, the two layers of the broad ligament separate to cover the pelvic floor.
Inferiorly, at the base of the ligament, the layers are continuous and form the upper free edge.

A

False

51
Q

Determine the corresponding descriptions of the ovary

  1. becomes shrunken and its surface is pitted with scars
  2. becomes progressively scarred as successive corpora lutea degenerate
  3. ovary is smooth

A. Before puberty
B. After puberty
C. After menopause

A
  1. C
  2. B
  3. A
52
Q

The mature eggs are ovulated into the peritoneal cavity and normally directed into the adjacent opening of the uterine tube via ___.

A

cilia

53
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The right ovarian (testicular) vein drains into the IVC and the left ovarian (testicular) vein drains into the left renal vein.

A

True

54
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The rectovesical pouch (in males) or the rectouterine pouch (in females) is the highest part of the abdominopelvic peritoneal cavity when the patient is in erect position.

A

False, it’s the lowest part

55
Q

Before birth of 1st child (nulliparous), the external os is (1)___. In the parous woman, the vaginal part of cervix is larger and external os becomes a transverse (2)___.

A
  1. circular
  2. slit
56
Q

A type of pregnancy where the fetus did not move to the uterus but rather grew in the fallopian tube.

A

Ectopic pregnancy

57
Q

The infundibulum of the uterine tube ends with fingerlike processes on the free edge called ___, which are draped over the ovary.

A

fimbriae

58
Q

The sigmoid colon is mobile except at the beginning where it continues from the descending colon in front of pelvic brim and end where it continues as the rectum. Sometimes, it rotates around its mesentery. This rotation commonly occurs in a counterclockwise direction and is referred to as ___.

A

volvulus

59
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The round ligaments of ovary and uterus are attached to the uterine wall just below the level where the uterine tubes enter the superolateral angles of the uterus.

A

True

60
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The ureters pierce the bladder obliquely providing a valve-like action preventing reverse flow of urine toward the kidney as it fills. There is no sphincter between bladder and ureter.

A

True

61
Q

The urethra exits at the ___ point of the triangle of the trigone.

A

lowest

62
Q

It is the triangular shape area where the mucous membrane covers the internal surface of the base of bladder.

A

Trigone

63
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The mucous membrane of the bladder is always smooth even when the viscus is empty. When the bladder is full, it disappears.

A

True

63
Q

Initiated when the volume of urine in the bladder reaches 300 ml.

A

Micturition reflex

Additional: The desire to urinate usually starts when the bladder reaches around 75% (375ml) of its working volume.

64
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Voluntary control of micturition is accomplished by contracting sphincter urethrae, which closes the urethra, and assisted by the sphincter vesicae, which compresses the neck of the bladder; this normally develops during the 4th or 5th year of life.

A

False; 2nd or 3rd year of life

65
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Urination is an autonomic and voluntary control.

A

True

For the urine to exit the bladder, both the autonomically controlled internal sphincter and the voluntarily controlled external sphincter must be opened.

66
Q

___ postganglionic fibers inhibit contraction of detrusor muscle of bladder wall and stimulate closure of sphincter vesicae.

A

Sympathetic

67
Q

In males, ___ nerves to sphincter vesicae causes active contraction of bladder neck during ejaculation

A

sympathetic

68
Q

___ preganglionic fibers arise as pelvic splanchnic nerves of S2-4 and stimulates contraction of detrusor muscle of bladder wall and inhibit action of sphincter vesicae.

A

Parasympathetic

(1) Organ Anatomy (11 decks)

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