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(1) Organ Anatomy > S2_L3: Gastrointestinal Tract and Organs > Flashcards

S2_L3: Gastrointestinal Tract and Organs Flashcards

1
Q

Determine the corresponding landmark of the following structures

  1. Tubercle of Iliac crest (Intertubercular plane)
  2. Hilum of kidneys
  3. Transpyloric plane
  4. Bifurcation of abdominal aorta

A. L1
B. L4
C. L5
D. Tip of 9th costal cartilage, L1

A
  1. C
  2. A
  3. D
  4. B
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2
Q

Determine the corresponding classification of the following structures

  1. Urinary bladder
  2. Cecum
  3. Abdominal Aorta
  4. Stomach
  5. Spleen
  6. Suprarenal/Adrenal Glands

A. Intraperitoneal
B. Retroperitoneal

A
  1. B
  2. A
  3. B
  4. A
  5. A
  6. B
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3
Q

Determine the corresponding landmark of the following structures

  1. Descending colon
  2. Sigmoid colon
  3. Appendix
  4. Inferior vena cava
  5. Lower 3rd of rectum

A. Intraperitoneal
B. Retroperitoneal

A
  1. B
  2. A
  3. A
  4. B
  5. A
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4
Q

Determine the corresponding landmark of the following structures

  1. Transverse colon
  2. Fundus of the gallbladder
  3. Part of esophagus
  4. 1st Part of Duodenum
  5. Kidney
  6. Jejunum

A. Intraperitoneal
B. Retroperitoneal

A
  1. A
  2. A
  3. B
  4. A
  5. B
  6. A
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5
Q

Determine the corresponding landmark of the following structures

  1. 2nd, 3rd, & 4th Parts of Duodenum
  2. Tail of pancreas
  3. Ureters
  4. Head of pancreas
  5. Upper two-thirds of rectum
  6. Ileum

A. Intraperitoneal
B. Retroperitoneal

A
  1. B
  2. A
  3. B
  4. B
  5. B
  6. A
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6
Q

Determine the corresponding blood supply of the divisions of the GI tract (embryology)

  1. Foregut
  2. Midgut
  3. Hindgut

A. Superior mesenteric artery
B. Inferior mesenteric artery
C. Celiac artery

A
  1. C
  2. A
  3. B
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7
Q

Determine the corresponding supply of the branches of the superior mesenteric artery

  1. Ascending Colon
  2. Lower part of ileum
  3. Transverse Colon
  4. Jejunum and Ileum
  5. Pancreas and Duodenum

A. Middle colic artery
B. Right colic artery
C. Jejunal and ileal arteries
D. Inferior Pancreaticoduodenal artery
E. Ileocolic artery (Anterior cecal, posterior cecal, ileal, and colic)

A
  1. B
  2. E
  3. A
  4. C
  5. D
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8
Q

Determine the corresponding descriptions of the jejunum and ileum

  1. Larger and more numerous plica circularis closely set
  2. Lies in lower part of cavity
  3. Peyer’s patches (lymphoid tissue) present in mucus membrane
  4. Wider, has thicker wall and redder
  5. Fat deposited throughout from the root to the intestinal wall
  6. Mesenteric vessels form one or two arcades with long infrequent branching

A. Jejunum
B. Ileum

A
  1. A
  2. B
  3. B
  4. A
  5. B
  6. A
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9
Q

Determine the corresponding descriptions of the jejunum and ileum

  1. Narrower and thinner wall and pale
  2. Lies coiled in upper part of cavity below left side of transverse mesocolon
  3. Mesenteric vessels have short numerous terminal vessels arising from three or more arcades
  4. Smaller and widely spaced plica circularis
  5. Fat deposits are near root and near end of mesentery, and less near the wall
  6. Mesentery attached above and left of aorta

A. Jejunum
B. Ileum

A
  1. B
  2. A
  3. B
  4. B
  5. A
  6. A
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10
Q

Determine the corresponding landmark of the following structures

  1. Duodenojejunal Junction
  2. Pancreatic neck
  3. Iliac crest (Intercristal plane)
  4. Pylorus of the stomach

A. L1
B. L4
C. L5
D. Tip of 9th costal cartilage, L1

A
  1. A
  2. A
  3. B
  4. A
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11
Q

Determine the corresponding supply of the branches of the inferior mesenteric artery

  1. Rectum and upper half of anal canal
  2. Distal third of transverse colon, left colic flexure, and upper part of descending colon
  3. Descending and sigmoid colon

A. Sigmoid artery
B. Superior rectal artery
C. Left colic artery

A
  1. B
  2. C
  3. A
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12
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are advised to lie on the left side so that the stomach contents would not go up into the esophagus.

A

True

Left side: where the stomach is

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13
Q

A hormone from the stomach that causes relaxation of muscle tone

A

Gastrin

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14
Q

Circular muscle of lower end of ileum serves as a sphincter into colon. Composed of horizontal folds of mucous membrane that projects around the orifice of the ileum.

A

Ileocecal valve

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15
Q

The defense mechanism against bacteria of typhoid/enteric fever that can only be found on the lowest ileum

A

Peyer’s patches

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16
Q

What controls the closure of the Gastroesophageal Sphincter?

A

Vagus nerve and gastrin hormone

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17
Q

What causes a reduced response of the Gastroesophageal Sphincter?

A

Secretin, cholecystokinin, and glucagon

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18
Q

Paste-like material that will be transported out of the stomach via pylorus to the small intestine for digestion and absorption

A

Chyme

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19
Q

Determine the corresponding blood supply of the stomach

  1. Supplies fundus of stomach
  2. Supplies lower part of greater curvature
  3. Supplies lower third of esophagus and upper right stomach
  4. Supplies the stomach along upper part of greater curvature

A. Left gastroepiploic artery (from splenic artery)
B. Right gastroepiploic artery (from hepatic artery)
C. Short gastric artery (from splenic artery)
D. Left gastric artery (from celiac artery)

A
  1. C
  2. B
  3. D
  4. A
20
Q

Determine the corresponding descriptions of the stomach muscle fibers

  1. Innermost muscle coat; loops over the fundus and pass down the anterior and posterior wall
  2. Encircle the body of stomach, some are found in the region of fundus
  3. Most concentrated along curves
  4. Generally found plenty and thick at pylorus
  5. Most superficial

A. Oblique fibers
B. Circular fibers
C. Longitudinal fibers

A
  1. A
  2. B
  3. C
  4. B
  5. C
21
Q

The longest part of the alimentary canal from the pylorus to ileocecal junction

A

Small intestine

22
Q

Lines the plicae circulares and increase surface area, to allow for better absorption and digestion. It contains a network of capillaries which surround a specialized lymphatic vessel known as the lacteal.

A

Villi (s. villus)

23
Q

Lining of the small intestine is made up of numerous circular folds / indentations / projections that increase surface area, making absorption and digestion more effective.

A

Plicae circulares

24
Q

The large intestine extends from the ileum to the ___

A

Anus

25
Q

It is composed of longitudinal muscles (called teniae coli) that converse at base of appendix. It is also often distended with gas.

A

Cecum

26
Q

The base of the appendix is attached to the ___ surface of the cecum

A

posteromedial

27
Q

A narrow, muscular tube with large amount of lymphoid tissue that varies in length.

A

Appendix

Additional: It has its own mesentery (mesoappendix)

28
Q

Longest part of the large intestine. Two-thirds of its blood supply is from the middle colic artery, and the remaining distal one-third is supplied by the left colic artery.

A

Transverse colon

29
Q

The transverse mesocolon suspends the transverse colon from the anterior border of the ___

A

pancreas

30
Q

What are the 2 vitamins produced by bacteria in the large intestine?

A

Vitamin B and Vitamin K

31
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Haustrations, peristalsis, and mass peristalsis drive contents of colon to rectum.

A

True

32
Q

Its functions are for absorption of water and electrolytes and storage of undigested materials until expelled as feces.

A

Large intestine / colon

33
Q

Circular layer of smooth muscle of esophagus serves as a physiologic sphincter as the food descends through the esophagus. It prevents stomach contents from regurgitating into the esophagus.

A

Gastroesophageal Sphincter

Additional: If the sphincter is weak, the stomach products can go back into the esophagus and can damage the mucosal lining of the esophagus.

34
Q

Main product / secretion of the esophagus

A

Mucous

35
Q

Determine the corresponding descriptions of the parts of the stomach

  1. Controls the rate of discharge of stomach contents in the duodenum
  2. Extends from the level of the cardiac orifice to the incisura angularis
  3. Similar to a little dent that is a constant notch in the lower part of lesser curvature
  4. Where the esophagus enters
  5. Dome-shaped and projects upward

A. Cardiac orifice
B. Pyloric orifice
C. Fundus
D. Body / corpus
E. Incisura angularis

A
  1. B
  2. D
  3. E
  4. A
  5. C
36
Q

Determine the corresponding descriptions of the parts of the stomach

  1. The part which leads to the duodenum
  2. Controls the outflow of gastric content into duodenum
  3. Region of the stomach that connects to duodenum
  4. The last portion of the stomach before it goes to pyloric canal
  5. Controlled by local nervous (myenteric nerve plexus) and hormone influences
  6. From incisura angularis to pylorus; connects the body and pyloric canal

A. Pylorus
B. Pyloric antrum
C. Pyloric canal
D. Pyloric sphincter

A
  1. C
  2. D
  3. A
  4. B
  5. D
  6. B
37
Q

Determine the corresponding descriptions of the divisions of the duodenum

  1. Found in transpyloric plane, begins at pylorus
  2. Runs up to the duodenojejunal flexure held by the ligament of Treitz (attached to the crus of right diaphragm)
  3. Where the bile duct and main pancreatic duct pierce the duodenal wall
  4. Runs horizontal at the 3rd lumbar vertebra

A. First part
B. Second part
C. Third part
D. Fourth part

A
  1. A
  2. D
  3. B
  4. C
38
Q

Bile and pancreatic duct unit to form the ampulla and opens at the ___

A

major duodenal papilla

39
Q

The minor duodenal papilla is for the opening of ___

A

accessory pancreatic duct

40
Q

The exit point of pancreatic duct and bile duct

A

ampulla of Vater

41
Q

The pancreatic duct is aka (1)___ and the accessory duct is aka (2)___.

A
  1. Duct of Wirsung
  2. Duct of Santorini
42
Q

The stomach is the dilated portion of the alimentary canal. Enumerate its three functions.

A
  1. Stores food
  2. Mixes food to form chyme
  3. Delivers food to small intestine for further digestion and absorption
43
Q

A 10-inch long muscular collapsible tube that enters the abdomen through opening at the right crus of the diaphragm. It conducts food from pharynx to the stomach through peristalsis.

A

Esophagus

44
Q

The jejunum and ileum are attached to posterior abdominal wall at the level of ___ by the mesentery of the small intestine which serves as the entrance and exit of branches of superior mesenteric artery and vein, lymph vessels and nerves.

A

L2

45
Q

The main blood supply of the abdomen

A

Celiac artery / Celiac trunk

46
Q

Determine the corresponding branches of the divisions of the celiac artery

  1. Short Gastric Artery
  2. Right gastric artery
  3. Cystic artery
  4. Left gastroepiploic Artery
  5. Gastroduodenal artery
  6. Superior Pancreaticoduodenal artery

A. Left gastric artery
B. Splenic artery
C. Hepatic artery

A
  1. B
  2. C
  3. C
  4. B
  5. C
  6. C

(1) Organ Anatomy (11 decks)

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