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(2) Neuroscience Laboratory > S3_L1: Cerebrum > Flashcards

S3_L1: Cerebrum Flashcards

1
Q

The following are functions of the cerebrum, EXCEPT:

A. fine control movements
B. learning
C. emotions
D. reasoning
E. None of the above

A

E. None of the above

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2
Q

(1)_______ is also known as the dura mater. (2)_______ is composed of the arachnoid and pia mater.

A
  1. Pachymeninx
  2. Leptomeninx
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3
Q

Enumerate the Layers of the Cerebral Cortex from superficial to deep.

A
  1. Molecular Layer (Plexiform Layer)
  2. External Granular Layer
  3. External Pyramidal Layer
  4. Internal Granular Layer
  5. Ganglionic Layer (Internal Pyramidal Layer)
  6. Multiform Layer (Layer of Polymorphic Cells)

NOTE: Layer 1&6 → molecular vs multiform. External comes first as it is more superficial. Granular comes first before pyramidal as it is alphabetical

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4
Q

Match the following layers of the cerebral cortex to its corresponding description.

  1. Contains great pyramidal cells of Betz
  2. Cells of Martinotti are conspicuous in this layer
  3. Consists of closely packed stellate cells with the External Band of Baillarger

A. Molecular Layer
B. External Granular Layer
C. External Pyramidal Layer
D. Internal Granular Layer
E. Ganglionic Layer
F. Multiform Layer

A
  1. E
  2. F
  3. D
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5
Q

Match the following layers of the cerebral cortex to its corresponding description.

  1. Contains fusiform cells and modified pyramidal cells
  2. Has large number of small pyramidal cells and stellate cells
  3. Consists of fibers derived from apical dendrites of the pyramidal cells, fusiform cells, axons of the stellate cells, and cells of Martinotti

A. Molecular Layer
B. External Granular Layer
C. External Pyramidal Layer
D. Internal Granular Layer
E. Ganglionic Layer
F. Multiform Layer

A
  1. F
  2. B
  3. A
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6
Q

Match the following layers of the cerebral cortex to its corresponding description.

  1. Most superficial layer
  2. Where a large number of synapses between different neurons occur
  3. Consists of pyramidal cells, whose cell bodies increase from the superficial to the deeper border of the layer

A. Molecular Layer
B. External Granular Layer
C. External Pyramidal Layer
D. Internal Granular Layer
E. Ganglionic Layer
F. Multiform Layer

A
  1. A
  2. A
  3. C
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7
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Layer II contains medium to large sized pyramidal cells scattered among stellate and cells of Martinotti

A

False

NOTE: This is found on Layer V

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8
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Sulci are deep grooves. Fissures are shallow furrows.

A. Both statements are true
B. Both statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is true
D. Only the 2nd statement is true

A

B. Both statements are false

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9
Q

What are the 2 fissures found in the cerebrum?

A
  1. Longitudinal fissure
  2. Lateral sylvian fissure
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10
Q

Enumerate the 3 sulcus found in the cerebrum.

A
  1. Central sulcus of Rolando
  2. Parieto-occipital sulcus
  3. Calcarine sulcus
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11
Q

Match the following fissures or sulci to its description.

Deep cleft dividing the frontal, parietal and temporal lobe

A. Central sulcus of Rolando
B. Parieto-occipital sulcus
C. Calcarine sulcus
D. Lateral sylvian fissure
E. Longitudinal fissure

A

D. Lateral sylvian fissure

NOTE: it divides BOTH frontal and parietal from temporal lobe

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12
Q

Match the following fissures or sulci to its description.

Separates parietal and frontal lobe

A. Central sulcus of Rolando
B. Parieto-occipital sulcus
C. Calcarine sulcus
D. Lateral sylvian fissure
E. Longitudinal fissure

A

A. Central sulcus of Rolando

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13
Q

Match the following fissures or sulci to its description.

Divides two occipital lobes

A. Central sulcus of Rolando
B. Parieto-occipital sulcus
C. Calcarine sulcus
D. Lateral sylvian fissure
E. Longitudinal fissure

A

C. Calcarine sulcus

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14
Q

Match the following fissures or
sulci to its description.

Divides right and left cerebral hemispheres

A. Central sulcus of Rolando
B. Parieto-occipital sulcus
C. Calcarine sulcus
D. Lateral sylvian fissure
E. Longitudinal fissure

A

E. Longitudinal fissure

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15
Q

Match the following fissures or sulci to its description.

Divides parietal and occipital lobe

A. Central sulcus of Rolando
B. Parieto-occipital sulcus
C. Calcarine sulcus
D. Lateral sylvian fissure
E. Longitudinal fissure

A

B. Parieto-occipital sulcus

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16
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The prefrontal cortex is the last Brodmann Area to myelinate. It is also known as the seat of intelligence.

A. Both statements are true
B. Both statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is true
D. Only the 2nd statement is true

A

A. Both statements are true

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17
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: A person’s IQ will be affected if prefrontal cortex is damaged.

A

False

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18
Q

For every primary area, there must be a secondary or association area to (1)_______
and (2)_______ whatever it is involved in.

A
  1. recognize
  2. analyze
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19
Q

Determine where are the Brodmann Areas found in.

  1. Frontal eye fields
  2. Somesthetic association area
  3. Island of Reil

A. Frontal lobe
B. Parietal lobe
C. Temporal lobe
D. Occipital lobe
E. Under Lateral Sulcus

A
  1. A
  2. B
  3. E
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20
Q

Determine where are the Brodmann Areas found in.

  1. Visual association area
  2. Visual inferotemporal area
  3. Primary auditory area

A. Frontal lobe
B. Parietal lobe
C. Temporal lobe
D. Occipital lobe
E. Under Lateral Sulcus

A
  1. D
  2. C
    3.C
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21
Q

Determine where are the Brodmann Areas found in.

  1. Angular & supramarginal gyrus
  2. Broca’s area
  3. Primary visual area

A. Frontal lobe
B. Parietal lobe
C. Temporal lobe
D. Occipital lobe
E. Under Lateral Sulcus

A
  1. B
  2. A
  3. D
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22
Q

Determine where are the Brodmann Areas found in.

  1. Parietal-temporal-occipital association cortex
  2. Primary Gustatory Area
  3. Primary somesthetic area

A. Frontal lobe
B. Parietal lobe
C. Temporal lobe
D. Occipital lobe
E. Under Lateral Sulcus

A
  1. C
  2. B
  3. B
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23
Q

Determine where are the Brodmann Areas found in.

  1. Wernicke’s speech area
  2. Premotor cortex
  3. Primary motor cortex

A. Frontal lobe
B. Parietal lobe
C. Temporal lobe
D. Occipital lobe
E. Under Lateral Sulcus

A
  1. C
  2. A
  3. A
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24
Q

In which lobe is the Primary olfactory cortex found in?

A

Temporal Lobe

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25
Q

In which lobe is the Auditory association cortex found in?

A

Temporal lobe

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26
Q

Primary auditory area is also known as (1)______ or (2)_______

A
  1. Acoustic Area
  2. Heschl Gyrus
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27
Q

Primary olfactory cortex is also known as (1)_______ or (2)______

A
  1. Limbic association cortex
  2. Lateral Olfactory Area
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28
Q

Island of Reil is also known as _____

A

Insular Cortex

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29
Q

Determine the Brodmann Area’s of the frontal lobe.

  1. BA 8
  2. BA 9-12
  3. BA 4
  4. BA 44, 45
  5. BA 6 & other parts of area 8, 44, 45

A. Primary motor cortex
B. Premotor cortex
C. Frontal eye fields
D. Prefrontal cortex
E. Broca’s area

A
  1. C
  2. D
  3. A
  4. E
  5. B
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30
Q

Determine the Brodmann Area’s of the parietal lobe.

  1. BA 43
  2. BA 5,7
  3. BA 3,1,2
  4. BA 39,40

A. Primary somesthetic area
B. Somesthetic association area
C. Angular & supramarginal gyrus
D. Primary Gustatory Area

A
  1. D
  2. B
  3. A
  4. C
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31
Q

Determine the Brodmann Area’s of the temporal lobe.

  1. BA 37
  2. BA 41,42
  3. BA 22

A. Primary auditory area
B. Auditory association cortex
C. Parietal-temporal-occipital association cortex
D. Primary olfactory cortex

A
  1. C
  2. A
  3. B
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32
Q

Determine the Brodmann Area’s of the temporal lobe.

  1. BA 28,34
  2. BA 20,21
  3. BA 22,24

A. Auditory association cortex
B. Visual inferotemporal area
C. Limbic association cortex
D. Wernicke’s speech area

A
  1. C
  2. B
  3. D
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33
Q

Determine the Brodmann Area’s of the occipital lobe and under the lateral sulcus.

  1. BA 17
  2. BA 18,19
  3. BA 13, 16

A. Visual association area
B. Insular Cortex
C. Striate Area

A
  1. C
  2. A
  3. B

NOTE: Striate Area is also known as Primary Visual Area

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34
Q

Determine which Brodmann Area NUMBER is being described by the function below.

Produces (B) movements on extraocular, upper facial muscles, tongue, mandible, larynx, and pharynx.

A

BA 4

NOTE: This is the Primary motor cortex.

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35
Q

Determine which Brodmann Area NUMBER is being described by the function below.

Saccadic eye movements.

A

BA 8

NOTE: This is the Frontal eye fields

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36
Q

Determine which Brodmann Area NUMBER is being described by the function below.

Comprehension of spoken sound

A

BA 22,24

NOTE: This is Wernicke’s speech area

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37
Q

Determine which Brodmann Area NUMBER is being described by the function below.

Store programs of coordinated motor activity assembled as a result of past experiences.

A

6 & other parts of area 8, 44, 45

NOTE: This is the Premotor cortex.

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38
Q

Determine which Brodmann Area NUMBER is being described by the function below.

Recognize the size and shape of objects and relate these to past sensory experiences.

A

BA 5,7

NOTE: This is the Somesthetic association area

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39
Q

Determine which Brodmann Area NAME is being described by the function below.

Hearing & Perception of sounds

A

Primary auditory area / Heschl Gyrus / Acoustic Area

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40
Q

Determine which Brodmann Area NAME is being described by the function below.

Smell, emotions, personality

A

Primary olfactory cortex / Lateral Olfactory Area / Limbic association cortex

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41
Q

Determine which Brodmann Area NAME is being described by the function below.

Analyze & recognize visual stimuli

A

Visual association area

42
Q

Determine which Brodmann Area NAME is being described by the function below.

Forms vision

A

Visual inferotemporal area

43
Q

Determine which Brodmann Area NUMBER is being described by the function below.

Thought, cognition, working memory, movement planning

A. BA 4
B. BA 9-12
C. BA 39,40

A

B. BA 9-12

Prefrontal Cortex

44
Q

Determine which Brodmann Area NUMBER is being described by the function below.

Formation of words and coherent speech

A. BA 22,24
B. BA 43
C. BA 44,45

A

C. BA 44,45

Broca’s area

45
Q

Determine which Brodmann Area NUMBER is being described by the function below.

Receive projection fibers from the ventral posterior lateral and ventral posterior medial nuclei of the thalamus for somatic senses from the contralateral side of the body

A. BA 3,1,2
B. BA 5,7
C. BA 4

A

A. BA 3,1,2

46
Q

Determine which Brodmann Area NAME is being described by the function below.

Perception, vision, reading, speech

A. Angular gyrus
B. Supramarginal gyrus
C. Parietal-temporal-occipital association cortex
D. All of the Above
E. None of the above

A

D. All of the Above

47
Q

Determine which Brodmann Area NAME is being described by the function below.

Awareness of vision

A. Striate Area
B. Visual association area
C. Primary somesthetic area
D. Middle temporal visual area
E. None of the above

A

A. Striate Area

48
Q

Determine which Brodmann Area NAME is being described by the function below.

Planning or coordinator of articulatory movements useful in speech

A. Broca’s area
B. Wernicke’s speech area
C. Insular Cortex
D. Acoustic Area
E. None of the above

A

C. Insular Cortex

49
Q

Match the following BA to its function.

  1. Makeup of the individual’s personality
  2. Interpretation of sounds
  3. Responsible for sensory processing, deciding making and motor control

A. Striate Area
B. Heschl Gyrus
C. Auditory association cortex
D. Prefrontal cortex
E. Island of Reil

A
  1. D
  2. C
  3. E
50
Q

Match the following BA to its function.

  1. Takes place in a person’s arousal
  2. Regulator of the person’s depth of feeling
  3. Discerns the intensity, shape, size, and location of objects

A. Striate Area
B. Heschl Gyrus
C. Auditory association cortex
D. Prefrontal cortex
E. Island of Reil

A
  1. E
  2. D
  3. A
51
Q

Match the following BA to its function.

  1. Controls voluntary movement of eye
  2. Produces isolated movements on the opposite side of the body
  3. Involved in coarse postural movements

A. BA 3,1,2
B. BA 4
C. BA 9-12
D. BA 8
E. 6 & other parts of area 8, 44, 45

A
  1. D
  2. B
  3. E
52
Q

Match the following BA to its function.

  1. Receive and integrate different sensory modalities
  2. Taste Sensation
  3. Has an influence in determining the initiative and judgments of an individual

A. BA 9-12
B. BA 39,40
C. BA 43
D. BA 3,1,2
E. BA 5,7

A
  1. E
  2. C
  3. A
53
Q

Which Brodmann area analyze and recognize sounds?

A

Secondary auditory area / Auditory association cortex / BA 22

54
Q

This is also known as the Non-Fluent Aphasia or Expressive Aphasia.

A

Broca’s Aphasia

55
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Broca’s Aphasia is a Motor Aphasia

A

True

56
Q

This condition arises from affectation of BA 39,40.

A

Gerstmann Syndrome

57
Q

What are the tetrad of manifestations in Gerstmann Syndrome?

A
  1. Agnosia
  2. Acalculia
  3. Agraphia without alexia

ADDED: Right-to-left confusion

58
Q

Define Agnosia.

A

inability to name, move, or touch specific fingers identified by the examiner; inability to count using the fingers

59
Q

Define Acalculia

A

loss of the ability to perform simple arithmetic calculations

60
Q

Define Agraphia without alexia

A

Cannot write spontaneously, but can read and copy

61
Q

This is also known as Receptive or Sensory Aphasia.

A

Wernicke’s Aphasia

62
Q

This is a condition where a person cannot recognize through face and needs a certain sign or “palatandaan”

A

Prosopagnosia

63
Q

This is a condition where a person can see the color but does not know or distinguish it as a color

A

Color agnosia

64
Q

This is a condition where a person sees and knows the color but has wrong identification

A

Color blindness

65
Q

Color agnosia and color blindness are resultant conditions of lesions to what lobe?

A

Occipital Lobe

66
Q

Match the location of the following Brodmann’s Areas

  1. Primary motor cortex
  2. Somesthetic association area
  3. Primary olfactory cortex

A. Precentral gyrus
B. Postcentral gyrus
C. Superior parietal lobule
D. Inferior frontal gyrus
E. Parahippocampal gyrus

A
  1. A
  2. C
  3. E
67
Q

Match the location of the following Brodmann’s Areas

  1. Broca’s area
  2. Primary somesthetic area
  3. Premotor cortex

A. Precentral gyrus
B. Postcentral gyrus
C. Superior parietal lobule
D. Inferior frontal gyrus
E. Parahippocampal gyrus

A
  1. D
  2. B
  3. A
68
Q

Match the location of the following Brodmann’s Areas

  1. Primary visual area
  2. Visual association area
  3. Prefrontal cortex

A. Banks of calcarine fissure
B. Superior, middle, and inferior frontal gyri, orbital gyri, most of medial frontal gyrus, anterior half of cingulate gyrus
C. Medial and lateral occipital gyri
D. Inferior parietal lobule in the angular gyrus and supramarginal gyrus
E. None

A
  1. A
  2. C
  3. B
69
Q

Match the location of the following Brodmann’s Areas

  1. Primary Gustatory Area
  2. Frontal eye fields
  3. Primary auditory area

A. Banks of calcarine fissure
B. Insular cortex, frontoparietal operculum
C. Medial and lateral occipital gyri
D. Heschl’s gyrus and superior temporal gyrus
E. Superior, middle frontal gyri, medial frontal lobe

A
  1. B
  2. E
  3. D
70
Q

Match the location of the following Brodmann’s Areas

  1. Auditory association cortex
  2. Wernicke’s speech area
  3. Island of Reil

A. Banks of calcarine fissure
B. Insula
C. Medial and lateral occipital gyri
D. Superior temporal gyrus
E. Lateral sulcus and superior temporal gyrus

A
  1. E
  2. D
  3. B
71
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: A mental status assessment must be conducted in a room without many external distractions. Having a family or guardian in the room may also help with patient assurance and accuracy of assessment.

A. Both statements are true
B. Both statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is true
D. Only the 2nd statement is true

A

A. Both statements are true

72
Q

What are assessed during a mental status assessment?

A
  1. Level of Consciousness
  2. Orientation
  3. Memory
  4. Attention and Concentration Span
  5. Others
73
Q

The ability to focus or concentrate over time on one task or activity

A. Level of Consciousness
B. Orientation
C. Memory
D. Attention & Concentration Span
E. Others

A

D. Attention & Concentration Span

74
Q

This is the awareness of personal identity, place, and time

A. Level of Consciousness
B. Orientation
C. Memory
D. Attention & Concentration Span
E. Others

A

B. Orientation

75
Q

The process of registering or recording information, tested by asking for immediate repetition of material, followed by storage or
retention of information.

A. Level of Consciousness
B. Orientation
C. Memory
D. Attention & Concentration Span
E. Others

A

C. Memory

76
Q

Match the levels of consciousness.

  1. Appears drowsy, able to answer question but would fall asleep after
  2. Remains unaroused and sleeping, no response to stimuli
  3. Only after the pain would the patient wake up, and responses are slow to absent and unresponsive
  4. Opens the eyes and looks at you, but responds slowly and is somewhat confused
  5. Speak in normal tone, pt would open the eyes, look at you, and respond fully & appropriately

A. Alert
B. Lethargic
C. Obtunded
D. Stupor
E. Coma

A
  1. B
  2. E
  3. D
  4. C
  5. A
77
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Orientation requires both memory and attention

A

True

78
Q

Determine the kinds of memory.

  1. events of day
  2. patient identifies a set of 4-5 objects
  3. birthdays, anniversaries, schools, jobs, historical events
  4. give 4 words then repeat after 5-10 minutes

A. Remote memory
B. Recent memory
C. New memory
D. Visual memory

A
  1. B
  2. D
  3. A
  4. C
79
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: An inattentive or distractible person with impaired consciousness has difficulty giving a history or responding to questions

A

True

80
Q

When testing for Stereognosis, the PT should only use _______ objects

A

familiar/ common

81
Q

The ________ is the only organ that has direct connection to the brain

A

Heart

82
Q

Best indicator of stroke is ______

A

Hypertension (Htn)

83
Q

80% of the brain is supplied anteriorly by the (1)______ and 20% posteriorly by the (2)______

A
  1. Internal Carotid Artery
  2. Vertebral Artery
84
Q

These are the unpaired arteries in the circle of Willis.

A
  1. Anterior Communicating Artery
  2. Basilar Artery
85
Q

The following are the importance of the Circle of Willis.

  1. Allows for proper blood flow from the ______ to both the front and back hemispheres of the brain.
  2. Serves as a sort of _______ when it comes to blood flow.
A
  1. arteries
  2. safety mechanism
86
Q

Determine the artery.

Supplies medial and superior parts of frontal lobe and anterior parietal lobe

A. Anterior Communicating Arter
B. Posterior Communicating Artery
C. Both
D. Neither

A

C. Both

87
Q

Determine the artery.

Supplies oxygenated blood through most midline portions of frontal lobe and superior parietal lobe

A. Anterior Cerebral Arteries
B. Anterior Communicating Arter
C. Posterior Communicating Artery
D. Posterior Cerebral Artery
E. Internal Carotid Artery
F. Basilar Artery

A

A. Anterior Cerebral Arteries

88
Q

Determine the artery.

Not really a part of Circle of Willis, but directly supplies brainstem and cerebellum

A. Anterior Cerebral Arteries
B. Anterior Communicating Arter
C. Posterior Communicating Artery
D. Posterior Cerebral Artery
E. Internal Carotid Artery
F. Basilar Artery

A

F. Basilar Artery

89
Q

Determine the artery.

Provides blood to the occipital and temporal lobes, midbrain, thalamus, and choroid plexus.

A. Anterior Cerebral Arteries
B. Anterior Communicating Arter
C. Posterior Communicating Artery
D. Posterior Cerebral Artery
E. Internal Carotid Artery
F. Basilar Artery

A

D. Posterior Cerebral Artery

90
Q

Determine the artery.

Originates in the midline of the pontomedullary junction from the union of the vertebral arteries

A. Anterior Cerebral Arteries
B. Anterior Communicating Arter
C. Posterior Communicating Artery
D. Posterior Cerebral Artery
E. Internal Carotid Artery
F. Basilar Artery

A

F. Basilar Artery

91
Q

Determine the artery.

Serves as main conduit for blood flow through the posterior circulation

A. Anterior Cerebral Arteries
B. Anterior Communicating Arter
C. Posterior Communicating Artery
D. Posterior Cerebral Artery
E. Internal Carotid Artery
F. Basilar Artery

A

F. Basilar Artery

92
Q

Determine the artery.

Supplies parts of the brain for logical thought, personality, voluntary movement of the lower extremities

A. Anterior Cerebral Arteries
B. Anterior Communicating Arter
C. Posterior Communicating Artery
D. Posterior Cerebral Artery
E. Internal Carotid Artery
F. Basilar Artery

A

A. Anterior Cerebral Arteries

93
Q

Determine the artery.

Provides distal blood flow to thalamus and medial temporal and parietal lobes

A. Anterior Cerebral Arteries
B. Anterior Communicating Arter
C. Posterior Communicating Artery
D. Posterior Cerebral Artery
E. Internal Carotid Artery
F. Basilar Artery

A

F. Basilar Artery

94
Q

Determine the artery.

Acts as an anastomosis between the left and right anterior cerebral circulation

A. Anterior Communicating Arter
B. Posterior Communicating Artery
C. Both
D. Neither

A

C. Both

95
Q

Determine the artery.

Part of anterior circulation that supplies forebrain

A. Anterior Cerebral Arteries
B. Anterior Communicating Arter
C. Posterior Communicating Artery
D. Posterior Cerebral Artery
E. Internal Carotid Artery
F. Basilar Artery

A

E. Internal Carotid Artery

96
Q

Determine the artery.

Sometimes it also originates from the ipsilateral internal carotid artery

A. Anterior Cerebral Arteries
B. Anterior Communicating Arter
C. Posterior Communicating Artery
D. Posterior Cerebral Artery
E. Internal Carotid Artery
F. Basilar Artery

A

D. Posterior Cerebral Artery

97
Q

What type of white matter fiber is the corpus callosum?

A

commissural fiber

98
Q

Neuroanatomic location of Broca’s area is:

A

Inferior frontal gyrus

99
Q

What neuroanatomic location corresponds to the Brodmann Area 22 (Wernicke’s Area):

A

Superior temporal gyrus

100
Q

Heschl’s gyrus is also known as

A

BA 41,42

101
Q

The Broca’s Area is connected to the Wernicke’s Area by the?

A

Arcuate Fasciculus

102
Q

Which lobe is affected in Gertsmann Syndrome

A

Parietal Lobe

(2) Neuroscience Laboratory (10 decks)

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