S2_L2: Brainstem

Question 1

This is the bottom, stalk-like portion of your brain that sends messages to the rest of your body to regulate balance, breathing, heart rate and consciousness.

Answer 1

Brainstem

Question 2

The brain stem is also called?

Answer 2

primitive brain (rectilian brain)

Question 3

This is part of brainstem involved in alerting us to events in environment. Majority of life sustaining functions are mediated here.

Answer 3

Medulla Oblongata

Question 4

This is a rounded anterior projection/mass of brainstem tissue that is involved in autonomic and basic life sustaining activities

Answer 4

Pons

Question 5

This is the crossing of motor fibers from one side of body to the other, happens within medulla

Answer 5

pyramidal decussation

Question 6

This is the highest part of the brainstem

Answer 6

Midbrain

Question 7

TRUE OR FALSE: The reticular formation is present at all levels. Pyramidal decussations can only be seen posteriorly

A. Both statements are true
B. Both statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is true
D. Only the 2nd statement is true

Answer 7

C. Only the 1st statement is true

NOTE: They can only be seen anteriorly

Question 8

TRUE OR FALSE: The pons is
a structure that has communication within itself

Answer 8

True

Question 9

The (1)_______ is a midbrain nuclei that is important in auditory function. The (2)_______ is a midbrain nuclei that are very involved in vision.

Answer 9

1. Inferior colliculi
2. Superior colliculi

Question 10

The following levels or structures are matched with their corresponding cavity, EXCEPT:

A. Medulla - Central Canal
B. Pons - Fourth ventricle
C. Midbrain - Cerebral Aqueduct
D. All of the Above
E. None of the above

Answer 10

A. Medulla - Central Canal

NOTE: The medulla has both he central canal and fourth ventricle

Question 11

Match the following structures to its corresponding cavity.

1. Inferior colliculi
2. Superior colliculi
3. Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle
4. Trigeminal nuclei
5. Pyramidal Decussation

A. Central canal
B. Fourth Ventricle
C. Cerebral aqueduct

Answer 11

1. C
2. C
3. B
4. B
5. A

Question 12

TRUE OR FALSE: Cranial nerves are found on the surfaces of the brainstem

Answer 12

True

Question 13

Determine where the following cranial nerve originates

1. CN V
2. CN XII
3. CN III
4. CN I
5. CN IV

A. Medulla Oblongata
B. Pons
C. Midbrain
D. None of the above

Answer 13

1. B
2. A
3. C
4. D
5. C

NOTE: CN I originates from the cerebrum.

Question 14

Determine where the following cranial nerve originates

1. CN X
2. CN VII
3. CN II
4. CN VI
5. CN IX

A. Medulla Oblongata
B. Pons
C. Midbrain
D. None of the above

Answer 14

1. A
2. B
3. D
4. B
5. A

Question 15

Facial palsy is caused by damage to the (1)_______ nerve. This cranial nerve is found and originates from the (2)_______

Answer 15

1. facial
2. pons

Question 16

The following statements are true, EXCEPT:

A.
B.
C.
D.
E. None of the above

Question 17

TRUE OR FALSE: Facial Palsy due to a UMNL will result in ipsilateral paralysis of upper and lower muscles. Facial Palsy due to LMNL will result in contralateral paralysis of lower facial muscles.

A. Both statements are true
B. Both statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is true
D. Only the 2nd statement is true

Answer 17

B. Both statements are false

NOTE: They are interchanged.

Question 18

The upper half of the pons has a (1)_______ innervation, while the lower half of the pons has a (2)_______ innervation.

Answer 18

1. bilateral (contra and ipsi)
2. contralateral

Question 19

Determine the condition.

Unable to smile on affected side but can raise both eyebrows.

A. Stroke
B. Bell’s Palsy

Answer 19

A. Stroke

Question 20

Determine the condition.

Acute weakness/ paralysis of 7th n. w/o identifiable cause

A. Stroke
B. Bell’s Palsy

Answer 20

B. Bell’s Palsy

Question 21

Determine the condition.

Cannot smile and raise eyebrows

A. Stroke
B. Bell’s Palsy

Answer 21

B. Bell’s Palsy

Question 22

This is an anastomotic ring at the base of the brain providing collateral pathways between the proximal major cerebral arteries.

Answer 22

Circle or Willis

Question 23

Match the following brain structure to its arterial supply.

1. Anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA)
2. Posterior cerebral artery
3. Posterior spinal arteries

A. Midbrain
B. Pons
C. Medulla oblongata

Answer 23

1. B
2. A
3. C

Question 24

The Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)
supplies the _______

Answer 24

medulla oblongata

Question 25

The anterior spinal arteries are from the (1)_______ and supplies the (2)_______

Answer 25

1. Vertebral artery 2. Medulla oblongata

Question 26

This gives off the major blood supply to the midbrain.

Answer 26

Posterior cerebral artery

Question 27

This artery supplies all three (midbrain, pons, and medulla).

Answer 27

Basilar artery

Question 28

This artery supplies the midbrain and pons

Answer 28

Superior cerebellar artery

Question 29

This is the most prevalent posterior ischemic stroke syndrome

Answer 29

Lateral Medullary Syndrome

Question 30

Lateral Medullary Syndrome is also known as?

Answer 30

Wallenberg Syndrome

Question 31

Wallenberg Syndrome is caused by an occlusion/ infarct to what artery in the circle of Willis?

Answer 31

posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)

Question 32

Medial Medullary Syndrome occurs due to a thrombus to medullary branch of (1)______, known as the (2)______.

Answer 32

1. vertebral artery 2. anterior spinal artery

Question 33

The following are structures affected in Lateral Medullary Syndrome, EXCEPT: A. Vestibular nuclei B. Inferior cerebellar peduncle C. Nucleus and spinal tract of trigeminal nerve (CN V) D. Hypoglossal nerve E. Spinal lemniscus-spinothalamic tract

Answer 33

D. Hypoglossal nerve

Question 34

The following are signs and symptoms in Lateral Medullary Syndrome, EXCEPT: A. Paralysis of the ipsilateral laryngeal muscle B. Contralateral Horner Syndrome C. Rotatory nystagmus D. Ipsilateral thermoanesthesia E. Ipsilateral cerebellar signs

Answer 34

B. Contralateral Horner Syndrome NOTE: Horner syndrome is ipsilateral

Question 35

The following are structures affected in Lateral Medullary Syndrome, EXCEPT: A. Pyramidal tract B. Corticospinal tract C. CN XII D. Nucleus Ambiguus E. Medial lemniscus

Answer 35

D. Nucleus Ambiguus

Question 36

The following are signs and symptoms in Medial Medullary Syndrome, EXCEPT: A. Ipsilateral hemiparesis B. Ipsilateral impaired sensations of position and movement and tactile discrimination C. Contralateral paralysis of tongue muscles D. All of the above E. None of the above

Answer 36

D. All of the above NOTE: Everything is interchanged.

Question 37

Determine which structure is affected in Lateral Medullary Syndrome by its s/sx. Contralateral loss of pain and temperature sensations A. Nucleus Ambiguus B. Nucleus and spinal tract of trigeminal nerve (CN V) C. Inferior cerebellar peduncle D. Vestibular nuclei E. Spinal lemniscus-spinothalamic tract

Answer 37

E. Spinal lemniscus-spinothalamic tract

Question 38

Determine which structure is affected in Lateral Medullary Syndrome by its s/sx. Vertigo and nausea, vomiting, nystagmus (rotatory) A. Nucleus Ambiguus B. Nucleus and spinal tract of trigeminal nerve (CN V) C. Inferior cerebellar peduncle D. Vestibular nuclei E. Descending and sympathetic fibers

Answer 38

D. Vestibular nuclei

Question 39

Determine which structure is affected in Lateral Medullary Syndrome by its s/sx. Analgesia and thermoanesthesia on the ipsilateral side of the face A. Nucleus Ambiguus B. Nucleus and spinal tract of trigeminal nerve (CN V) C. Inferior cerebellar peduncle D. Vestibular nuclei E. Descending and sympathetic fibers

Answer 39

B. Nucleus and spinal tract of trigeminal nerve (CN V)

Question 40

Determine which structure is affected in Lateral Medullary Syndrome by its s/sx. Ipsilateral Horner syndrome A. Nucleus Ambiguus B. Nucleus and spinal tract of trigeminal nerve (CN V) C. Inferior cerebellar peduncle D. Vestibular nuclei E. Descending and sympathetic fibers

Answer 40

E. Descending and sympathetic fibers

Question 41

Determine which structure is affected in Medial Medullary Syndrome by its s/sx. Ipsilateral Horner syndrome A. Pyramidal tract B. Medial lemniscus C. Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

Answer 41

B. Medial lemniscus

Question 42

Determine which structure is affected in Medial Medullary Syndrome by its s/sx. Contralateral hemiparesis / hemiplegia A. Pyramidal tract B. Medial lemniscus C. Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

Answer 42

A. Pyramidal tract

Question 43

When the hypoglossal nerve is affected in Medial Medullary Syndrome, there is an (1)_____paralysis of tongue muscles with deviation to the paralyzed side when the tongue is (2)______

Answer 43

1. ipsilateral 2. protruded

Question 44

Determine which nerve allows the following movement/ function. Innervates inferior oblique muscle A. CN III - Oculomotor nerve B. CN IV - Trochlear nerve C. CN VI - Abducens nerve

Answer 44

A. CN III - Oculomotor nerve

Question 45

Determine which nerve allows the following movement/ function. Constricts pupil A. CN III - Oculomotor nerve B. CN IV - Trochlear nerve C. CN VI - Abducens nerve

Answer 45

A. CN III - Oculomotor nerve

Question 46

Determine which nerve allows the following movement/ function. Innervates lateral rectus muscle A. CN III - Oculomotor nerve B. CN IV - Trochlear nerve C. CN VI - Abducens nerve

Answer 46

C. CN VI - Abducens nerve

Question 47

Determine which nerve allows the following movement/ function. Innervates superior oblique muscle A. CN III - Oculomotor nerve B. CN IV - Trochlear nerve C. CN VI - Abducens nerve

Answer 47

B. CN IV - Trochlear nerve

Question 48

Which nerve supplies the skin of cheek and side of head?

Answer 48

CN V - Trigeminal nerve (mandibular branch)

Question 49

Which nerve supplies the cornea, eyelids, and nose?

Answer 49

CN V - Trigeminal nerve (ophthalmic branch)

Question 50

Which nerve supplies the anterior ⅔ of tongue?

Answer 50

CN VII - Facial nerve

Question 51

Which nerve supplies the visceral organs (e.g. heart, larynx, trachea)

Answer 51

CN X - Vagus nerve

Question 52

Which nerve supplies the upper jaw and palate

Answer 52

CN V - Trigeminal nerve (maxillary branch)

Question 53

Which nerve supplies the posterior ⅓ of tongue

Answer 53

CN IX - Glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 54

Which nerve is responsible for balance, position and movement of head

Answer 54

CN VIII - Vestibulocochlear nerve

Question 55

Which nerve innervates palatoglossus muscle of the tongue

Answer 55

CN X - Vagus nerve

Question 56

Which nerve is responsible for shoulder shrugging

Answer 56

CN XI - Accessory nerve

Question 57

Which nerve innervates all the tongue muscles (except palatoglossus)?

Answer 57

CN XII - Hypoglossal nerve

Question 58

The salivary, sublingual, & submandibular glands are innervated by which nerve?

Answer 58

CN VII - Facial nerve

Question 59

Determine in which level do the following nuclei may be seen. 1. red nucleus 2. trochlear nucleus 3. substantia nigra 4. Edinger-Westphal nucleus 5. mesencephalic nuclei of CN A. Superior colliculi B. Inferior colliculi C. Both D. Neither

Answer 59

1. A 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. C

Question 60

Determine in which level do the following nuclei may be seen. 1. oculomotor nucleus 2. abducens nucleus 3. pontine nuclei 4. trapezoid nuclei 5. medial vestibular nucleus A. Facial colliculus B. Trigeminal nuclei C. Both D. Neither

Answer 60

1. D 2. A 3. C 4. C 5. A NOTE: oculomotor nucleus is seen at the level of the superior colliculi

Question 61

Determine in which level do the following nuclei may be seen. 1. Hypoglossal nucleus 2. Accessory nucleus 3. Nucleus ambiguus 4. Nucleus gracilis 5. Nucleus cuneatus A. Decussation of medial lemnisci B. Decussation of pyramids C. Both D. Neither

Answer 61

1. A 2. C 3. D 4. C 5. C

Question 62

Determine in which level do the following nuclei may be seen. 1. Cochlear nuclei 2. Nucleus gracilis 3. Vestibular nucleus 4. Lateral vestibular nucleus 5. Vagal nucleus A. Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle B. Inferior to pons C. Both D. Neither

Answer 62

1. B 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. A

Question 63

Determine in which level may the nuclei be seen. You may choose more that 1 answer. Spinal nucleus of CN V A. Decussation of medial lemnisci B. Decussation of pyramids C. Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle D. Olives E. Just inferior to pons

Answer 63

A, B, & C

Question 64

Determine in which level may the nuclei be seen. You may choose more that 1 answer. Nucleus of tractus solitarius A. Decussation of medial lemnisci B. Decussation of pyramids C. Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle D. Olives E. Just inferior to pons

Answer 64

C & D

Question 65

Determine in which level may the nuclei be seen. You may choose more that 1 answer. Hypoglossal nucleus A. Decussation of medial lemnisci B. Decussation of pyramids C. Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle D. Olives E. Just inferior to pons

Answer 65

A, C, & D

Question 66

Determine in which level may the nuclei be seen. You may choose more that 1 answer. Glossopharyngeal nucleus A. Decussation of medial lemnisci B. Decussation of pyramids C. Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle D. Olives E. Just inferior to pons

Answer 66

C & D

Question 67

TRUE OR FALSE: The abducens nucleus may be seen at the level of the trigeminal nuclei

Answer 67

False NOTE: It is seen at the level of the Facial colliculus.

Question 68

TRUE OR FALSE: The oculomotor nucleus may be seen at the level of the superior colliculi

Answer 68

True

Question 69

TRUE OR FALSE: The spinal nucleus of CN V may be seen just inferior to the pons.

Answer 69

False NOTE: It is seen at the level of the Facial colliculus.