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(2) Neuroscience Laboratory > S2_L2: Brainstem > Flashcards

S2_L2: Brainstem Flashcards

1
Q

This is the bottom, stalk-like portion of your brain that sends messages to the rest of your body to regulate balance, breathing, heart rate and consciousness.

A

Brainstem

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2
Q

The brain stem is also called?

A

primitive brain (rectilian brain)

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3
Q

This is part of brainstem involved in alerting us to events in environment. Majority of life sustaining functions are mediated here.

A

Medulla Oblongata

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4
Q

This is a rounded anterior projection/mass of brainstem tissue that is involved in autonomic and basic life sustaining activities

A

Pons

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5
Q

This is the crossing of motor fibers from one side of body to the other, happens within medulla

A

pyramidal decussation

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6
Q

This is the highest part of the brainstem

A

Midbrain

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7
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The reticular formation is present at all levels. Pyramidal decussations can only be seen posteriorly

A. Both statements are true
B. Both statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is true
D. Only the 2nd statement is true

A

C. Only the 1st statement is true

NOTE: They can only be seen anteriorly

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8
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The pons is
a structure that has communication within itself

A

True

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9
Q

The (1)_______ is a midbrain nuclei that is important in auditory function. The (2)_______ is a midbrain nuclei that are very involved in vision.

A
  1. Inferior colliculi
  2. Superior colliculi
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10
Q

The following levels or structures are matched with their corresponding cavity, EXCEPT:

A. Medulla - Central Canal
B. Pons - Fourth ventricle
C. Midbrain - Cerebral Aqueduct
D. All of the Above
E. None of the above

A

A. Medulla - Central Canal

NOTE: The medulla has both he central canal and fourth ventricle

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11
Q

Match the following structures to its corresponding cavity.

  1. Inferior colliculi
  2. Superior colliculi
  3. Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle
  4. Trigeminal nuclei
  5. Pyramidal Decussation

A. Central canal
B. Fourth Ventricle
C. Cerebral aqueduct

A
  1. C
  2. C
  3. B
  4. B
  5. A
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12
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Cranial nerves are found on the surfaces of the brainstem

A

True

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13
Q

Determine where the following cranial nerve originates

  1. CN V
  2. CN XII
  3. CN III
  4. CN I
  5. CN IV

A. Medulla Oblongata
B. Pons
C. Midbrain
D. None of the above

A
  1. B
  2. A
  3. C
  4. D
  5. C

NOTE: CN I originates from the cerebrum.

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14
Q

Determine where the following cranial nerve originates

  1. CN X
  2. CN VII
  3. CN II
  4. CN VI
  5. CN IX

A. Medulla Oblongata
B. Pons
C. Midbrain
D. None of the above

A
  1. A
  2. B
  3. D
  4. B
  5. A
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15
Q

Facial palsy is caused by damage to the (1)_______ nerve. This cranial nerve is found and originates from the (2)_______

A
  1. facial
  2. pons
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16
Q

The following statements are true, EXCEPT:

A.
B.
C.
D.
E. None of the above

A
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17
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Facial Palsy due to a UMNL will result in ipsilateral paralysis of upper and lower muscles. Facial Palsy due to LMNL will result in contralateral paralysis of lower facial muscles.

A. Both statements are true
B. Both statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is true
D. Only the 2nd statement is true

A

B. Both statements are false

NOTE: They are interchanged.

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18
Q

The upper half of the pons has a (1)_______ innervation, while the lower half of the pons has a (2)_______ innervation.

A
  1. bilateral (contra and ipsi)
  2. contralateral
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19
Q

Determine the condition.

Unable to smile on affected side but can raise both eyebrows.

A. Stroke
B. Bell’s Palsy

A

A. Stroke

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20
Q

Determine the condition.

Acute weakness/ paralysis of 7th n. w/o identifiable cause

A. Stroke
B. Bell’s Palsy

A

B. Bell’s Palsy

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21
Q

Determine the condition.

Cannot smile and raise eyebrows

A. Stroke
B. Bell’s Palsy

A

B. Bell’s Palsy

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22
Q

This is an anastomotic ring at the base of the brain providing collateral pathways between the proximal major cerebral arteries.

A

Circle or Willis

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23
Q

Match the following brain structure to its arterial supply.

  1. Anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA)
  2. Posterior cerebral artery
  3. Posterior spinal arteries

A. Midbrain
B. Pons
C. Medulla oblongata

A
  1. B
  2. A
  3. C
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24
Q

The Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)
supplies the _______

A

medulla oblongata

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25
Q

The anterior spinal arteries are from the (1)_______ and
supplies the (2)_______

A
  1. Vertebral artery
  2. Medulla oblongata
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26
Q

This gives off the major blood supply to the midbrain.

A

Posterior cerebral artery

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27
Q

This artery supplies all three (midbrain, pons, and medulla).

A

Basilar artery

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28
Q

This artery supplies the midbrain and pons

A

Superior cerebellar artery

29
Q

This is the most prevalent posterior ischemic stroke syndrome

A

Lateral Medullary Syndrome

30
Q

Lateral Medullary Syndrome is also known as?

A

Wallenberg Syndrome

31
Q

Wallenberg Syndrome is caused by an occlusion/ infarct to what artery in the circle of Willis?

A

posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)

32
Q

Medial Medullary Syndrome occurs due to a thrombus to medullary branch of (1)______, known as the (2)______.

A
  1. vertebral artery
  2. anterior spinal artery
33
Q

The following are structures affected in Lateral Medullary Syndrome, EXCEPT:

A. Vestibular nuclei
B. Inferior cerebellar peduncle
C. Nucleus and spinal tract of trigeminal nerve (CN V)
D. Hypoglossal nerve
E. Spinal lemniscus-spinothalamic tract

A

D. Hypoglossal nerve

34
Q

The following are signs and symptoms in Lateral Medullary Syndrome, EXCEPT:

A. Paralysis of the ipsilateral laryngeal muscle
B. Contralateral Horner Syndrome
C. Rotatory nystagmus
D. Ipsilateral thermoanesthesia
E. Ipsilateral cerebellar signs

A

B. Contralateral Horner Syndrome

NOTE: Horner syndrome is ipsilateral

35
Q

The following are structures affected in Lateral Medullary Syndrome, EXCEPT:

A. Pyramidal tract
B. Corticospinal tract
C. CN XII
D. Nucleus Ambiguus
E. Medial lemniscus

A

D. Nucleus Ambiguus

36
Q

The following are signs and symptoms in Medial Medullary Syndrome, EXCEPT:

A. Ipsilateral hemiparesis
B. Ipsilateral impaired sensations of position and movement and tactile discrimination
C. Contralateral paralysis of tongue muscles
D. All of the above
E. None of the above

A

D. All of the above

NOTE: Everything is interchanged.

37
Q

Determine which structure is affected in Lateral Medullary Syndrome by its s/sx.

Contralateral loss of pain and temperature sensations

A. Nucleus Ambiguus
B. Nucleus and spinal tract of trigeminal nerve (CN V)
C. Inferior cerebellar peduncle
D. Vestibular nuclei
E. Spinal lemniscus-spinothalamic tract

A

E. Spinal lemniscus-spinothalamic tract

38
Q

Determine which structure is affected in Lateral Medullary Syndrome by its s/sx.

Vertigo and nausea, vomiting, nystagmus (rotatory)

A. Nucleus Ambiguus
B. Nucleus and spinal tract of trigeminal nerve (CN V)
C. Inferior cerebellar peduncle
D. Vestibular nuclei
E. Descending and sympathetic fibers

A

D. Vestibular nuclei

39
Q

Determine which structure is affected in Lateral Medullary Syndrome by its s/sx.

Analgesia and thermoanesthesia on the ipsilateral side of the face

A. Nucleus Ambiguus
B. Nucleus and spinal tract of trigeminal nerve (CN V)
C. Inferior cerebellar peduncle
D. Vestibular nuclei
E. Descending and sympathetic fibers

A

B. Nucleus and spinal tract of trigeminal nerve (CN V)

40
Q

Determine which structure is affected in Lateral Medullary Syndrome by its s/sx.

Ipsilateral Horner syndrome

A. Nucleus Ambiguus
B. Nucleus and spinal tract of trigeminal nerve (CN V)
C. Inferior cerebellar peduncle
D. Vestibular nuclei
E. Descending and sympathetic fibers

A

E. Descending and sympathetic fibers

41
Q

Determine which structure is affected in Medial Medullary Syndrome by its s/sx.

Ipsilateral Horner syndrome

A. Pyramidal tract
B. Medial lemniscus
C. Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

A

B. Medial lemniscus

42
Q

Determine which structure is affected in Medial Medullary Syndrome by its s/sx.

Contralateral hemiparesis / hemiplegia

A. Pyramidal tract
B. Medial lemniscus
C. Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

A

A. Pyramidal tract

43
Q

When the hypoglossal nerve is affected in Medial Medullary Syndrome, there is an (1)_____paralysis of tongue muscles with deviation to the paralyzed side when the tongue is (2)______

A
  1. ipsilateral
  2. protruded
44
Q

Determine which nerve allows the following movement/ function.

Innervates inferior oblique muscle

A. CN III - Oculomotor nerve
B. CN IV - Trochlear nerve
C. CN VI - Abducens nerve

A

A. CN III - Oculomotor nerve

45
Q

Determine which nerve allows the following movement/ function.

Constricts pupil

A. CN III - Oculomotor nerve
B. CN IV - Trochlear nerve
C. CN VI - Abducens nerve

A

A. CN III - Oculomotor nerve

46
Q

Determine which nerve allows the following movement/ function.

Innervates lateral rectus muscle

A. CN III - Oculomotor nerve
B. CN IV - Trochlear nerve
C. CN VI - Abducens nerve

A

C. CN VI - Abducens nerve

47
Q

Determine which nerve allows the following movement/ function.

Innervates superior oblique muscle

A. CN III - Oculomotor nerve
B. CN IV - Trochlear nerve
C. CN VI - Abducens nerve

A

B. CN IV - Trochlear nerve

48
Q

Which nerve supplies the skin of cheek and side of head?

A

CN V - Trigeminal nerve (mandibular branch)

49
Q

Which nerve supplies the cornea, eyelids, and nose?

A

CN V - Trigeminal nerve (ophthalmic branch)

50
Q

Which nerve supplies the anterior ⅔ of tongue?

A

CN VII - Facial nerve

51
Q

Which nerve supplies the visceral organs (e.g. heart, larynx, trachea)

A

CN X - Vagus nerve

52
Q

Which nerve supplies the upper jaw and palate

A

CN V - Trigeminal nerve (maxillary branch)

53
Q

Which nerve supplies the posterior ⅓ of tongue

A

CN IX - Glossopharyngeal nerve

54
Q

Which nerve is responsible for balance, position and movement of head

A

CN VIII - Vestibulocochlear nerve

55
Q

Which nerve innervates palatoglossus muscle of the tongue

A

CN X - Vagus nerve

56
Q

Which nerve is responsible for shoulder shrugging

A

CN XI - Accessory nerve

57
Q

Which nerve innervates all the tongue muscles (except palatoglossus)?

A

CN XII - Hypoglossal nerve

58
Q

The salivary, sublingual, & submandibular glands are innervated by which nerve?

A

CN VII - Facial nerve

59
Q

Determine in which level do the following nuclei may be seen.

  1. red nucleus
  2. trochlear nucleus
  3. substantia nigra
  4. Edinger-Westphal nucleus
  5. mesencephalic nuclei of CN

A. Superior colliculi
B. Inferior colliculi
C. Both
D. Neither

60
Q

Determine in which level do the following nuclei may be seen.

  1. oculomotor nucleus
  2. abducens nucleus
  3. pontine nuclei
  4. trapezoid nuclei
  5. medial vestibular nucleus

A. Facial colliculus
B. Trigeminal nuclei
C. Both
D. Neither

A
  1. D
  2. A
  3. C
  4. C
  5. A

NOTE: oculomotor nucleus is seen at the level of the superior colliculi

61
Q

Determine in which level do the following nuclei may be seen.

  1. Hypoglossal nucleus
  2. Accessory nucleus
  3. Nucleus ambiguus
  4. Nucleus gracilis
  5. Nucleus cuneatus

A. Decussation of medial lemnisci
B. Decussation of pyramids
C. Both
D. Neither

62
Q

Determine in which level do the following nuclei may be seen.

  1. Cochlear nuclei
  2. Nucleus gracilis
  3. Vestibular nucleus
  4. Lateral vestibular nucleus
  5. Vagal nucleus

A. Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle
B. Inferior to pons
C. Both
D. Neither

63
Q

Determine in which level may the nuclei be seen. You may choose more that 1 answer.

Spinal nucleus of CN V

A. Decussation of medial lemnisci
B. Decussation of pyramids
C. Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle
D. Olives
E. Just inferior to pons

64
Q

Determine in which level may the nuclei be seen. You may choose more that 1 answer.

Nucleus of tractus solitarius

A. Decussation of medial lemnisci
B. Decussation of pyramids
C. Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle
D. Olives
E. Just inferior to pons

65
Q

Determine in which level may the nuclei be seen. You may choose more that 1 answer.

Hypoglossal nucleus

A. Decussation of medial lemnisci
B. Decussation of pyramids
C. Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle
D. Olives
E. Just inferior to pons

66
Q

Determine in which level may the nuclei be seen. You may choose more that 1 answer.

Glossopharyngeal nucleus

A. Decussation of medial lemnisci
B. Decussation of pyramids
C. Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle
D. Olives
E. Just inferior to pons

67
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The abducens nucleus may be seen at the level of the trigeminal nuclei

A

False

NOTE: It is seen at the level of the Facial colliculus.

68
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The oculomotor nucleus may be seen at the level of the superior colliculi

69
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The spinal nucleus of CN V may be seen just inferior to the pons.

A

False

NOTE: It is seen at the level of the Facial colliculus.

(2) Neuroscience Laboratory (10 decks)

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