S2_L1: Spinal Cord Flashcards by MindMed Official

TRUE OR FALSE: The spinal cord is roughly cylindrical in shape. It begins superiorly at the foramen magnum in the skull, where it is continuous with the medulla oblongata of the brain

A. Both statements are true
B. Both statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is true
D. Only the 2nd statement is true

A. Both statements are true

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In adults, the spinal cord terminates at the (1)_______ border of the (2)_______

lower
first lumbar vertebra (L1)

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In children, the spinal cord terminates at the (1)_______ border of the (2)_______

upper
3rd lumbar vertebra (L3)

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Enumerate the 3 meninges part of the spinal cord.

dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater

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The spinal cord occupies the upper _______ of the vertebral canal of the vertebral column

two thirds (2/3)

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TRUE OR FALSE: Cerebrospinal fluid normally circulates between the dura mater and pia mater

False

It is between the pia and arachnoid mater

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The spinal cord gives origin to the (1)_______ plexus and (2)_______ plexus

brachial
lumbosacral

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TRUE OR FALSE: The lengths of the vertebrae and spinal cord are not equal

True

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Determine which spinal nerve is affected.

A pt with a L1-L2 disc problem.

A. T12
B. L1
C. L2
D. L3
E. None of the above

B. L1

NOTE: For the thoracic and lumbar region, follow the upper vertebra.

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Determine which spinal nerve is affected.

A pt with a C2-C3 disc problem.

A. C2
B. C3
C. C2 and C3
D. No nerve will be affected
E. None of the above

B. C3

NOTE: In the cervical region, follow the lower vertebra

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Determine which spinal nerve is affected.

A pt with a C5-C6 disc problem.

A. C4
B. C5
C. C6
D. C7
E. None of the above

C. C6

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Determine which spinal nerve is affected.

A pt with a T1-T2 disc problem.

A. C8
B. T1
C. T2
D. T3
E. None of the above

B. T1

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Determine which spinal nerve is affected.

A pt with a C7-T1 disc problem.

A. C8
B. T1
C. T2
D. All are affected
E. None of the above

A. C8

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Match the following key structures to its rexed lamina.

Substantia gelatinosa
Corticospinal and rubrospinal fibers
Neurons from corticospinal, rubrospinal, and ascending spinothalamic tracts

A. I
B. II
C. III & IV
D. V
E. VI

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Match the following key structures to its rexed lamina.

Surrounds central canal
Nucleus dorsalis of Clarke
Dorsomarginal nucleus
Nucleus proprius

A. I
B. III & IV
C. VII
D. VIII & IX
E. X

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Determine the Rexed Laminae.

Located in ventral horn

A. Lamina 1
B. Lamina 2
C. Lamina 3
D. Lamina 7
E. None

E. None

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Determine the Rexed Laminae.

Located in ventral horn

A. Lamina 1
B. Lamina 2
C. Lamina 3
D. Lamina 7
E. None

E. None

NOTE: This is for Lamina 8&9

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Determine the Rexed Laminae.

called Lissauer’s tract

A. Lamina 1
B. Lamina 2
C. Lamina 3
D. Lamina 7
E. None

A. Lamina 1

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Determine the Rexed Laminae.

Largest rexed lamina

A. Lamina 1
B. Lamina 2
C. Lamina 3
D. Lamina 7
E. None

D. Lamina 7

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TRUE OR FALSE: Nucleus proprius and nucleus dorsalis have same function. However, RL3&4 deals with unconscious proprioception, while RL7 deals with conscious proprioception

A. Both statements are true
B. Both statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is true
D. Only the 2nd statement is true

C. Only the 1st statement is true

NOTE: The functions of the second statement is interchanged,

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To determine the spinal segment from a vertebra in the cervical region, add _______

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To determine the spinal segment from a vertebra in the upper thoracic region, add _______

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To determine the spinal segment from a vertebra in the lower thoracic region, add _______

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The upper thoracic vertebrae ranges from ____ to ____

T1-T6

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The lower thoracic vertebrae that fits in the criteria of adding 3 to determine the spinal segment ranges from ____ to ____ only

T7-T9

This is a ligament attached to the pia mater that supports that - supports rootlets attach to it in the spinal cord.

Denticulate ligament

Match the following vertebra to its spinal segment. 1. T10 2. L1 3. T12 A. T11-T12 cord segments B. L1-L2 cord segments C. L3-L4 cord segments D. L5 cord segments E. Sacral and coccygeal cord segments

1. B 2. E 3. D

Match the following vertebra to its spinal segment. 1. C1 2. C3 3. C4 A. C1 B. C2 C. C3 D. C4 E. C5

1.B 2.D 3. E

Match the following vertebra to its spinal segment. 1. T1 2. T3 3. T4 A. T2 B. T3 C. T4 D. T5 E. T6

1. B 2. D 3. E

Match the following vertebra to its spinal segment. 1. T9 2. T7 3. T5 A. T10 B. T9 C. T7 D. T11 E. T12

1. E 2. A 3. C

What vertebra is affected if T9 spinal cord segment is damaged?

What spinal cord segment is affected if T6 vertebra is damaged?

T8 spinal cord segment

TRUE OR FALSE: Spinal cord lesion occurs in the gray matter zone.

True

This is a condition that is characterized by loss of power and sensation in arms and hands, but has a preserved motor and sensory on the lower extremity.

Central Cord Syndrome

Central Cord Syndrome is also known as?

Walking Spinal Cord Injury (SCI)

The following is true about the central cord syndrome, EXCEPT: A. Most common incomplete spinal cord lesion B. Most common form of cervical spinal cord injury. C. Injury to the central part of your spinal cord in your neck D. Manifests with Friedreich’s ataxia during gait E. None

D. Manifests with Friedreich’s ataxia during gait NOTE: It manifests with sensory ataxia or tabetic gait

Determine the ataxia. 1. Gait becomes good when looking at the floor 2. Poor gait despite the use of vision 3. Involves damage of the cerebellum 4. Involves problematic DCML 5. No more coordination function A. Sensory ataxia B. Friedreich’s ataxia

1. A 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. B

The following may cause CCS, EXCEPT: A. Syringomyelia B. Motor Vehicle Accident (MVA) C. Tumor D. Minor traumas E. None

E. None

TRUE OR FALSE: CCS usually occurs due to hyperextension injury

True

This is the dilation or expansion of the central canal within the spinal cord, possibly due to a small or deformed skull

Syringomyelia

This occurs when the section of the skull containing a part of the brain (cerebellum) is too small or is deformed, thus putting pressure on and crowding the brain.

Arnold Chiari Malformation type I NOTE: This causes Syringomyelia d/t the resulting obstruction

What diagnostic tool is used for Syringomyelia?

Spinal MRI

Determine if the following tracts are ascending or descending pathways. 1. Rubrospinal 2. Cuneocerebellar 3. Spinocerebellar 4. Spinoreticular 5. Anterior spinothalamic tract A. Ascending B. Descending

1. B 2. A 3. A 4. A 5. A

Determine if the following tracts are ascending or descending pathways. 1. Dorsal column medial lemniscal 2. Lateral spinothalamic tract 3. Spino-olivary 4. Vestibulospinal 5. Tectospinal A. Ascending B. Descending

1. A 2. A 3. A 4. B 5. B

Match the following sensation to their corresponding tracts. 1. Postural movements from visual stimuli 2. Regulation to voluntary movements and reflexes 3. Tactile, painful, and thermal stimuli A. Reticulospinal B. Rubrospinal C. Tectospinal D. Spinotectal E. Spinoreticular

1. C 2. A 3. D

Match the following sensation to their corresponding tracts. 1. Vibration, proprioception, two-point discrimination 2. Promotion of flexor and inhibition of extensor muscle activity 3. Crude (light, non discriminative) touch and pressure A. Lateral spinothalamic tract B. Anterior spinothalamic tract C. Dorsal column medial lemniscal D. Rubrospinal E. Vestibulospinal

1. C 2. D 3. B

Match the following sensation to their corresponding tracts. 1. Pain and temperature 2. Additional information to the cerebellum as an accessory pathway 3. Inhibition of flexor and promotion of extensor muscle activity A. Lateral spinothalamic tract B. Spinoreticular C. Spino-olivary D. Tectospinal E. Vestibulospinal

1. A 2. C 3. E

Which 2 tracts is for proprioception in joints and muscles

Spinocerebellar and Cuneocerebellar Pathways

In CCS, the affectation of the lateral corticospinal tracts will produce A. UMNL-like symptoms B. LMNL-like symptoms C. Both

A. UMNL-like symptoms

In CCS, the affectation of the lateral corticospinal tracts will produce what like of symptoms in the UE? A. UMNL-like symptoms B. LMNL-like symptoms C. Both

B. LMNL-like symptoms

The following are UMNL-like symptoms, EXCEPT: A. Hypertonia B. Spastic paralysis C. Fasciculations D. (+) Babinski sign E. None

C. Fasciculations

CCS most commonly occurs in which levels of the spinal cord?

cervical and thoracic

TRUE OR FALSE: Pts with CCS may develop Horner’s syndrome

True

Enumerate the Horner syndrome triad.

Miosis - pupillary constriction Anhidrosis - loss of sweating Ptosis - drooping upper eyelid

Generally the loss of pain and temperature is called _______, particularly in syringomyelia

“cape” sign

Losing pain and temperature on the shoulder joints can cause _______.

shark hose joints

This tract forms the Spinal Lemniscus

Anterolateral Spinothalamic Tract

The 1st order neuron of the Anterolateral Spinothalamic Tract is the (1)______ or also called as the (2)_______

1. Dorsal root ganglion 2. Lissauer’s tract

In sensory pathways, where is the site of decussation?

Second order neurons

This is the major pathway for voluntary movements and is responsible for speed and agility of movements

Lateral Corticospinal Tract

Where does the anterior corticospinal tract decussates?

at the spinal cord level

Where does the lateral corticospinal tract decussates?

at the level of the medulla

The second and third order neurons of the corticospinal tracts are always at the ______ side

contralateral

Corticospinal tracts decussate at the (1)_____ level, not the (2)______

1. spinal cord 2. medulla

Based on the somatotropic arrange of spinothalamic and corticospinal tracts, which region is most lateral?

Sacral

Based on the somatotropic arrange of the DCML system, which region is most lateral?

Cervical

Where is the destination of the Lateral Spinothalamic tract?

Posterior Central Gyrus

What receptors are used in the Anterior Spinothalamic tract?

Free nerve endings

What sensations are transmitted in the Anterior Spinothalamic tract?

Light touch and pressure

What sensations are transmitted in the Lateral Spinothalamic tract?

Pain and Temperature

What is the 3rd order neuron of the Anterolateral Spinothalamic tract?

Ventroposterolateral (VPL) nucleus or Ventroposteromedial (VPM) nucleus

The sensation head to the ventroposterolateral (VPL) nucleus when the sensation felt is from the (1)______, while it goes to the ventroposteromedial (VPM) nucleus when the sensation comes from the (2)______.

1. limbs 2. face

What is the 2nd order neuron of the Anterolateral Spinothalamic tract?

Substantia gelatinosa

TRUE OR FALSE: In patients with spinal cord injury, they can still feel sensations below the lesion. However, this is applicable only to spinothalamic tracts, not to the DCML. A. Both statements are true B. Both statements are false C. Only the 1st statement is true D. Only the 2nd statement is true

A. Both statements are true

The 1st order neuron of the dorsal column meidal lemnicus is at the (1)______, via the (2)______ or (3)_______.

1. Dorsal root ganglion 2. fasciculus cuneatus 3. fasciculus gracilis

The DCML pathway decussate at the at the level of the medulla, specifically at the (1)_____ in the LE and (2)_____ in the UE

1. Nucleus gracilis 2. Nucleus cuneatus

TRUE OR FALSE: The DCML has the same 3rd order neuron as the Anterolateral Spinothalamic Tract.

True

This is the primary somatosensory cortex

BA 3,1,2

This is the primary motor cortex

BA 4

This is the premotor/secondary motor cortex

BA 6