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(3) MS: Pediatric Conditions > S2_L2: Infantile Reflexes > Flashcards

S2_L2: Infantile Reflexes Flashcards

1
Q

Rests in a more flexed attitude and has more subcutaneous fat
A. Preterm infant
B. Term infant

A

B. Term infant

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2
Q

Has a relaxed attitude, limbs more extended, body size is small, head appears larger
in proportion to body (limp)
A. Preterm infant
B. Term infant

A

A. Preterm infant

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3
Q

Scrotum and testes are undeveloped, not pendulous, with minimal
rugae.
A. Preterm infant
B. Term infant

A

A. Preterm infant

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4
Q

Testes may be in the inguinal canal or in
abdominal cavity
A. Preterm infant
B. Term infant

A

A. Preterm infant

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5
Q

Scrotum and testes are well-developed, pendulous, and rugated. The testes are down in the scrotal sac.
A. Preterm infant
B. Term infant

A

B. Term infant

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6
Q

Clitoris is prominent and the labia majora are poorly developed and gaping.
A. Preterm infant
B. Term infant

A

A. Preterm infant

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7
Q

Fully developed labia majora and the clitoris is not prominent.
A. Preterm infant
B. Term infant

A

B. Term infant

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8
Q

Scarf sign: Resisting attempt
to bring elbow past midline
A. Preterm infant
B. Term infant

A

B. Term infant

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9
Q

Scarf sign: Elbow may be
brought across chest with
little or no resistance
A. Preterm infant
B. Term infant

A

A. Preterm infant

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10
Q

Ear cartilages are well formed
A. Preterm infant
B. Term infant

A

B. Term infant

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10
Q

Ear cartilages are poorly
developed and easily
fold
A. Preterm infant
B. Term infant

A

A. Preterm infant

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11
Q

Lanugo (hair) is present over back and face
A. Preterm infant
B. Term infant

A

A. Preterm infant

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12
Q

Firm hair with separate glands
A. Preterm infant
B. Term infant

A

B. Term infant

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13
Q

Fully developed lungs
A. Preterm infant
B. Term infant

A

B. Term infant

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14
Q

Presence of distress, breathing complications
A. Preterm infant
B. Term infant

A

A. Preterm infant

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15
Q

Higher brain functioning
A. Preterm infant
B. Term infant

A

B. Term infant

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16
Q

Has enough body fat and energy to regulate body function
A. Preterm infant
B. Term infant

A

B. Term infant

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17
Q

By 35th weeks, baby’s brain still needs to grow 50%
A. Preterm infant
B. Term infant

A

A. Preterm infant

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18
Q

Able to suck and swallow leading to rapid weight gain
A. Preterm infant
B. Term infant

A

B. Term infant

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19
Q

Weak suck/swallowing;
not fully developed until 34th week. They are assisted through NGT
or droppers.
A. Preterm infant
B. Term infant

A

A. Preterm infant

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19
Q

Normal or term infants are born between how many weeks of pregnancy?

A

37-42 weeks

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20
Q

Preterm is defined as babies born alive before ___ weeks of pregnancy are completed

A

37

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21
Q

Pre-term birth based in gestational age

  1. 32 to 37 weeks
  2. Less than 28 weeks
  3. 28 to less than 32 weeks

A. Extremely preterm
B. Very preterm
C. Moderate to late preterm

A
  1. C
  2. A
  3. B
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22
Q

Reflexes that are absent at birth and emerges as the child develops

A

Physiologic postural reflexes response

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23
Q

Physiologic Postural Reflex

Stimulus: Visual and vestibular stimulus

A. Head Righting reflex
B. Body, Head Righting reflex
C. Parachute Reaction or Protective Extension Reflex
D. Equilibrium or Tilting Reaction

A

A. Head Righting reflex

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24
Q

Physiologic Postural Reflex

Stimulus: tactile proprioception, vestibular

A. Head Righting reflex
B. Body, Head Righting reflex
C. Parachute Reaction or Protective Extension Reflex
D. Equilibrium or Tilting Reaction

A

B. Body, Head Righting reflex

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25
Q

Physiologic Postural Reflex

Stimulus: displacement of center of gravity outside of the supporting surface

A. Head Righting reflex
B. Body, Head Righting reflex
C. Parachute Reaction or Protective Extension Reflex
D. Equilibrium or Tilting Reaction

A

C. Parachute Reaction or Protective Extension Reflex

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26
Q

Physiologic Postural Reflex

Stimulus: displacement of center of gravity

A. Head Righting reflex
B. Body, Head Righting reflex
C. Parachute Reaction or Protective Extension Reflex
D. Equilibrium or Tilting Reaction

A

D. Equilibrium or Tilting Reaction

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27
Q

Physiologic Postural Reflex

Response: Adjustment of tone and posture of trunk to maintain balance

A. Head Righting reflex
B. Body, Head Righting reflex
C. Parachute Reaction or Protective Extension Reflex
D. Equilibrium or Tilting Reaction

A

D. Equilibrium or Tilting Reaction

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28
Q

Physiologic Postural Reflex

Response: Extension-abduction of the extremity
toward the side of the displacement to prevent falling

A. Head Righting reflex
B. Body, Head Righting reflex
C. Parachute Reaction or Protective Extension Reflex
D. Equilibrium or Tilting Reaction

A

C. Parachute Reaction or Protective Extension Reflex

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29
Q

Physiologic Postural Reflex

Response: Align body parts in anatomic position
relative to each other and gravity

A. Head Righting reflex
B. Body, Head Righting reflex
C. Parachute Reaction or Protective Extension Reflex
D. Equilibrium or Tilting Reaction

A

B. Body, Head Righting reflex

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30
Q

Physiologic Postural Reflex

Response: Align face/head vertical, mouth horizontal

A. Head Righting reflex
B. Body, Head Righting reflex
C. Parachute Reaction or Protective Extension Reflex
D. Equilibrium or Tilting Reaction

A

A. Head Righting reflex

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31
Q

Physiologic Postural Reflex

Significance: Absent or abnormal in cerebral palsy patient. Absent in Asymmetric spastic
hemiplegia & young stroke.

A. Head Righting reflex
B. Body, Head Righting reflex
C. Parachute Reaction or Protective Extension Reflex
D. Equilibrium or Tilting Reaction

A

C. Parachute Reaction or Protective Extension Reflex

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32
Q

Physiologic Postural Reflex

If you tilt the baby to the side, they’ll try to go back vertically.
A. Head Righting reflex
B. Body, Head Righting reflex
C. Parachute Reaction or Protective Extension Reflex
D. Equilibrium or Tilting Reaction

A

D. Equilibrium or Tilting Reaction

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33
Q

Physiologic Postural Reflex

Significance: Delays or absence in CNS is related to immature CNS or damage

A. Head Righting reflex
B. Body, Head Righting reflex
C. Parachute Reaction or Protective Extension Reflex
D. Equilibrium or Tilting Reaction

A

A. Head Righting reflex

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34
Q

Physiologic Postural Reflex

Age of emergence: from 4-6 months old

A. Head Righting reflex
B. Body, Head Righting reflex
C. Parachute Reaction or Protective Extension Reflex
D. Equilibrium or Tilting Reaction

A

B. Body, Head Righting reflex

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34
Q

Physiologic Postural Reflex

Age of emergence:
In Sitting: 6-8 months
In Standing: 12-14 months

A. Head Righting reflex
B. Body, Head Righting reflex
C. Parachute Reaction or Protective Extension Reflex
D. Equilibrium or Tilting Reaction

A

D. Equilibrium or Tilting Reaction

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34
Q

Physiologic Postural Reflex

Age of emergence: between 5 to 12 months

A. Head Righting reflex
B. Body, Head Righting reflex
C. Parachute Reaction or Protective Extension Reflex
D. Equilibrium or Tilting Reaction

A

C. Parachute Reaction or Protective Extension Reflex

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35
Q

Physiologic Postural Reflex

Age of emergence:
In Prone: 2 months
In Supine: 3-4 months

A. Head Righting reflex
B. Body, Head Righting reflex
C. Parachute Reaction or Protective Extension Reflex
D. Equilibrium or Tilting Reaction

A

A. Head Righting reflex

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36
Q

Primitive Reflexes

Stimulus: sudden neck extension

A. Moro or Startle Reflex
B. Rooting Reflex
C. Neck Righting or Body Detortational Reflex
D. Positive Supporting Reflex

A

A. Moro or Startle Reflex

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37
Q

Primitive Reflexes

Stimulus: stroking the corner of the mouth upper or lower lip

A. Moro or Startle Reflex
B. Rooting Reflex
C. Neck Righting or Body Detortational Reflex
D. Positive Supporting Reflex

A

B. Rooting Reflex

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38
Q

Primitive Reflexes

Stimulus: tactile contact and weight bearing on the sole

A. Moro or Startle Reflex
B. Rooting Reflex
C. Neck Righting or Body Detortational Reflex
D. Positive Supporting Reflex

A

D. Positive Supporting Reflex

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39
Q

Primitive Reflexes

Stimulus: neck rotation in supine

A. Moro or Startle Reflex
B. Rooting Reflex
C. Neck Righting or Body Detortational Reflex
D. Positive Supporting Reflex

A

C. Neck Righting or Body Detortational Reflex

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40
Q

Primitive Reflexes

Response: Sequential body rotation from shoulder
to pelvis toward the direction of the face. When you turn head, baby rolls as well.

A. Moro or Startle Reflex
B. Rooting Reflex
C. Neck Righting or Body Detortational Reflex
D. Positive Supporting Reflex

A

C. Neck Righting or Body Detortational Reflex

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41
Q

Primitive Reflexes

Response: legs extend for partial support of body weight

A. Moro or Startle Reflex
B. Rooting Reflex
C. Neck Righting or Body Detortational Reflex
D. Positive Supporting Reflex

A

D. Positive Supporting Reflex

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42
Q

Primitive Reflexes

Response: moving tongue, mouth and head towards stimulus

A. Moro or Startle Reflex
B. Rooting Reflex
C. Neck Righting or Body Detortational Reflex
D. Positive Supporting Reflex

A

B. Rooting Reflex

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43
Q

Primitive Reflexes

Response: Arm extension and abduction followed by
flexion and adduction.

A. Moro or Startle Reflex
B. Rooting Reflex
C. Neck Righting or Body Detortational Reflex
D. Positive Supporting Reflex

A

A. Moro or Startle Reflex

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44
Q

Primitive Reflexes

Significance: Gives an indication of muscle tone.
Both arms should extend & abduct.

A. Moro or Startle Reflex
B. Rooting Reflex
C. Neck Righting or Body Detortational Reflex
D. Positive Supporting Reflex

A

A. Moro or Startle Reflex

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45
Q

Primitive Reflexes

Significance: Enables child to roll from prone to supine and supine to prone; helps
build muscle tone against gravity.

A. Moro or Startle Reflex
B. Rooting Reflex
C. Neck Righting or Body Detortational Reflex
D. Positive Supporting Reflex

A

C. Neck Righting or Body Detortational Reflex

46
Q

Primitive Reflexes

In neurologic cases, e.g. cerebral palsy, this reflex is absent

A. Moro or Startle Reflex
B. Rooting Reflex
C. Neck Righting or Body Detortational Reflex
D. Positive Supporting Reflex

A

C. Neck Righting or Body Detortational Reflex

47
Q

Primitive Reflexes

Retention of the ____ beyond
four months may result in difficulty with solid foods, poor articulation, and
thumb sucking

A. Moro or Startle Reflex
B. Rooting Reflex
C. Neck Righting or Body Detortational Reflex
D. Positive Supporting Reflex

A

B. Rooting Reflex

48
Q

Primitive Reflexes

Age of suppression: 4 months

A. Moro or Startle Reflex
B. Rooting Reflex
C. Neck Righting or Body Detortational Reflex
D. Positive Supporting Reflex

A

B. Rooting Reflex

48
Q

Primitive Reflexes

Age of suppression: 3-7 months, and it is replaced by volitional standing

A. Moro or Startle Reflex
B. Rooting Reflex
C. Neck Righting or Body Detortational Reflex
D. Positive Supporting Reflex

A

D. Positive Supporting Reflex

49
Q

Primitive Reflexes

Age of suppression: 4-6 months

A. Moro or Startle Reflex
B. Rooting Reflex
C. Neck Righting or Body Detortational Reflex
D. Positive Supporting Reflex

A

A. Moro or Startle Reflex

50
Q

Primitive Reflexes

Emerges at 4 months and is replaced by volitional
rolling

A. Moro or Startle Reflex
B. Rooting Reflex
C. Neck Righting or Body Detortational Reflex
D. Positive Supporting Reflex

A

C. Neck Righting or Body Detortational Reflex

51
Q

Primitive Reflexes

Stimulus: head turning or tilting to the side

A. Palmar Grasp
B. Plantar Grasp
C. Asymmetric Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR Fencing Reflex)
D. Symmetric Tonic Neck Reflex

A

C. Asymmetric Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR Fencing Reflex)

52
Q

Primitive Reflexes

Stimulus: neck flexion or neck extension

A. Palmar Grasp
B. Plantar Grasp
C. Asymmetric Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR Fencing Reflex)
D. Symmetric Tonic Neck Reflex

A

D. Symmetric Tonic Neck Reflex

53
Q

Primitive Reflexes

Stimulus: pressure or touch on the palm; stretch of finger flexors

A. Palmar Grasp
B. Plantar Grasp
C. Asymmetric Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR Fencing Reflex)
D. Symmetric Tonic Neck Reflex

A

A. Palmar Grasp

53
Q

Primitive Reflexes

Stimulus: pressure on the sole just distal to the metatarsal head

A. Palmar Grasp
B. Plantar Grasp
C. Asymmetric Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR Fencing Reflex)
D. Symmetric Tonic Neck Reflex

A

B. Plantar Grasp

54
Q

Primitive Reflexes

Response: flexion of toes

A. Palmar Grasp
B. Plantar Grasp
C. Asymmetric Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR Fencing Reflex)
D. Symmetric Tonic Neck Reflex

A

B. Plantar Grasp

55
Q

Primitive Reflexes

Response: flexion of fingers/fingers close

A. Palmar Grasp
B. Plantar Grasp
C. Asymmetric Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR Fencing Reflex)
D. Symmetric Tonic Neck Reflex

A

A. Palmar Grasp

56
Q

Primitive Reflexes

Response:
If neck flexion → arms flex, legs extend
If neck extension → arms extend, legs flex

A. Palmar Grasp
B. Plantar Grasp
C. Asymmetric Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR Fencing Reflex)
D. Symmetric Tonic Neck Reflex

A

D. Symmetric Tonic Neck Reflex

57
Q

Primitive Reflexes

Response: Extremity extend on the chin/face side
and flex on the occiput side

A. Palmar Grasp
B. Plantar Grasp
C. Asymmetric Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR Fencing Reflex)
D. Symmetric Tonic Neck Reflex

A

C. Asymmetric Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR Fencing Reflex)

58
Q

Primitive Reflexes

Age of suppression: 6-7 months

A. Palmar Grasp
B. Plantar Grasp
C. Asymmetric Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR Fencing Reflex)
D. Symmetric Tonic Neck Reflex
E. C and D

A

E. C and D

59
Q

Primitive Reflexes

Age of suppression: 12-18 months

A. Palmar Grasp
B. Plantar Grasp
C. Asymmetric Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR Fencing Reflex)
D. Symmetric Tonic Neck Reflex

A

B. Plantar Grasp

60
Q

Primitive Reflexes

Age of suppression: 5-6 months

A. Palmar Grasp
B. Plantar Grasp
C. Asymmetric Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR Fencing Reflex)
D. Symmetric Tonic Neck Reflex

A

A. Palmar Grasp

61
Q

Primitive Reflexes

Significance: Serves to create the basic motor pattern that lays foundation for voluntary
ability

A. Palmar Grasp
B. Plantar Grasp
C. Asymmetric Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR Fencing Reflex)
D. Symmetric Tonic Neck Reflex

A

A. Palmar Grasp

62
Q

Primitive Reflexes

Significance: Integrates at the same time that
independent gait first becomes possible

A. Palmar Grasp
B. Plantar Grasp
C. Asymmetric Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR Fencing Reflex)
D. Symmetric Tonic Neck Reflex

A

B. Plantar Grasp

Note: A negative or diminished reflex during
early infancy is often a sensitive indicator of existing spasticity

63
Q

Primitive Reflexes

Significance: Assist with early eye-hand regard, provides vestibular stimulation, changes the distribution of muscle

A. Palmar Grasp
B. Plantar Grasp
C. Asymmetric Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR Fencing Reflex)
D. Symmetric Tonic Neck Reflex

A

C. Asymmetric Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR Fencing Reflex)

64
Q

Primitive Reflexes

Significance: Allows child to move up against gravity
and assume quadruped. Assists in the development of bilateral patterns of body movement.

A. Palmar Grasp
B. Plantar Grasp
C. Asymmetric Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR Fencing Reflex)
D. Symmetric Tonic Neck Reflex

A

D. Symmetric Tonic Neck Reflex

Note: Integrates as the child begins to crawl and can lift the buttocks from the heels
without flexing the neck. It is also integrated when rocking back and forth on hands and knees.

65
Q

Primitive Reflexes

Stimulus: contact of sole in vertically tilting the body forward and from side to side

A. Automatic Walking Reflex
B. Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex
C. Placing Reflex
D. Babinski’s Reflex

A

A. Automatic Walking Reflex

66
Q

Primitive Reflexes

Stimulus: Head position in space strongest at 45
degrees from horizontal

A. Automatic Walking Reflex
B. Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex
C. Placing Reflex
D. Babinski’s Reflex

A

B. Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex

67
Q

Primitive Reflexes

Stimulus: tactile contact on dorsum of foot or hand

A. Automatic Walking Reflex
B. Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex
C. Placing Reflex
D. Babinski’s Reflex

A

C. Placing Reflex

68
Q

Primitive Reflexes

Stimulus: firm, painful stroke along the lateral of the sole from heel to toe

A. Automatic Walking Reflex
B. Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex
C. Placing Reflex
D. Babinski’s Reflex

A

D. Babinski’s Reflex

69
Q

Primitive Reflexes

Response: movement (extension) of the big toe and sometimes fanning of other toes

A. Automatic Walking Reflex
B. Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex
C. Placing Reflex
D. Babinski’s Reflex

A

D. Babinski’s Reflex

70
Q

Primitive Reflexes

Response: extremity flexion to put foot or arm over an obstacle. It is similar to taking a step.

A. Automatic Walking Reflex
B. Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex
C. Placing Reflex
D. Babinski’s Reflex

A

C. Placing Reflex

71
Q

Primitive Reflexes

Response:
In Supine: predominant extensor tone
In Prone: predominant flexor tone

A. Automatic Walking Reflex
B. Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex
C. Placing Reflex
D. Babinski’s Reflex

A

B. Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex

72
Q

Primitive Reflexes

Response: alternating automatic steps with support

A. Automatic Walking Reflex
B. Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex
C. Placing Reflex
D. Babinski’s Reflex

A

A. Automatic Walking Reflex

73
Q

Primitive Reflexes

Age of suppression: 3-4 months

A. Automatic Walking Reflex
B. Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex
C. Placing Reflex
D. Babinski’s Reflex

A

A. Automatic Walking Reflex

74
Q

Primitive Reflexes

Age of suppression: 4–6 months

A. Automatic Walking Reflex
B. Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex
C. Placing Reflex
D. Babinski’s Reflex

A

B. Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex

75
Q

Primitive Reflexes

Age of suppression: before end of first year

A. Automatic Walking Reflex
B. Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex
C. Placing Reflex
D. Babinski’s Reflex

A

C. Placing Reflex

76
Q

Primitive Reflexes

Age of suppression: 9-10 months

A. Automatic Walking Reflex
B. Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex
C. Placing Reflex
D. Babinski’s Reflex

A

D. Babinski’s Reflex

77
Q

Primitive Reflexes

Significance: The presence of reflex later may indicate
disease. It checks for UMN disease in adults.

A. Automatic Walking Reflex
B. Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex
C. Placing Reflex
D. Babinski’s Reflex

A

D. Babinski’s Reflex

78
Q

Primitive Reflexes

Significance: Reflex is demonstrable in new born
and persistent failure to elicit this stage is thought to indicate neurologic
abnormality.

A. Automatic Walking Reflex
B. Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex
C. Placing Reflex
D. Babinski’s Reflex

A

C. Placing Reflex

79
Q

Primitive Reflexes

Significance: Learning to do neck and head control.

A. Automatic Walking Reflex
B. Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex
C. Placing Reflex
D. Babinski’s Reflex

A

B. Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex

Additional: Together with STNR, Landu, etc., it helps the infant develop coordination, proper head alignment, and posture.

80
Q

Primitive Reflexes

Significance: Infants
may walk alone at 10 months with daily reflex practice. It develops standing and then walking.

A. Automatic Walking Reflex
B. Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex
C. Placing Reflex
D. Babinski’s Reflex

A

A. Automatic Walking Reflex

81
Q

Complications of Prematurity

  1. Patent ductus arteriosus
  2. Retinopathy of prematurity; myopia, strabismus
  3. Poor suck, apneic episode, intraventricular
    hemorrhage, cognitive delays
  4. Feeding intolerance increasing risk of
    aspiration; decreased or no sucking & swallowing

A. Cardiac
B. Central nervous system
C. Eyes
D. Gastrointestinal tract

A
  1. A
  2. C
  3. B
  4. D
82
Q

Complications of Prematurity

  1. Sepsis, meningitis
  2. Hypoglycemia, hyperbilirubinemia
  3. respiratory distress syndrome, chronic
    lung disease, atelectasis

A. Lungs
B. Infection
C. Metabolic Problems

A
  1. B
  2. C
  3. A
83
Q

In premature and mature infants, a ____ age of gestation equals lesser complications.

A

Higher

84
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The fetus must be delivered out in cases of placenta previa and pre-labor rupture of the membrane.

A

True

85
Q

Classification according to clinical basis

  1. Cutaneous
  2. Pathologic reflexes
  3. Mucus membrane
  4. Visceral reflexes

A. Superficial reflex
B. Deep reflex

A
  1. A
  2. B
  3. A
  4. B
86
Q

Classification of reflexes

  1. Optical righting reflex
  2. Sucking Reflex
  3. Equilibrium reactions
  4. Positive Supporting Reactions

A. Brainstem reflex
B. Spinal reflex
C. Midbrain reflex
D. Cortical reflex

A
  1. C
  2. B
  3. D
  4. A
87
Q

Classification of reflexes

  1. Rooting Reflex
  2. Static labyrinthine
  3. Amphibian reflex
  4. Palmar grasp

A. Brainstem reflex
B. Spinal reflex
C. Midbrain reflex
D. Cortical reflex

A
  1. B
  2. A
  3. C
  4. B
88
Q

Classification of reflexes

  1. Walking / Stepping Reflex
  2. Kinetic Labyrinthine
  3. Plantar Grasp
  4. Asymmetric tonic neck reflexes

A. Brainstem reflex
B. Spinal reflex
C. Midbrain reflex
D. Cortical reflex

A
  1. B
  2. C
  3. B
  4. A
89
Q

Classification of reflexes

  1. Crossed extension reflex
  2. Symmetric tonic neck reflexes
  3. Flexor withdrawal reflex
  4. Posterior semi-circular canal

A. Brainstem reflex
B. Spinal reflex
C. Midbrain reflex
D. Cortical reflex

A
  1. B
  2. A
  3. B
  4. C
90
Q

Classification of reflexes

  1. Negative Supporting Reactions
  2. Body righting acting on body
  3. Extensor thrust reflex
  4. Parachute reflex

A. Brainstem reflex
B. Spinal reflex
C. Midbrain reflex
D. Cortical reflex

A
  1. A
  2. C
  3. B
  4. C
91
Q

Classification of reflexes

  1. Labyrinthine righting reflex
  2. Body righting acting on head
  3. Superior semi-circular canal
  4. Protective extension reflex

A. Brainstem reflex
B. Spinal reflex
C. Midbrain reflex
D. Cortical reflex

A
  1. C
  2. C
  3. C
  4. C
92
Q

Volitional control is usually acquired by the ____ months
of life

A

6-8

93
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Obligatory or persistent primitive reflexes are the earliest markers of abnormal neurologic maturation.

A

True

Additional: The persistence of these reflexes beyond the
usual ages of integration is suggestive of ischemic brain injury (bleeding).

94
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The motor responses arising from CNS are inhibited by 4 to 6 months of age as the brain
matures and replaces them with voluntary motor activities, but certain neurological diseases can relapse.

A

True

95
Q

Adaptive responses that develop during the neonatal period and integrate (disappear) over time as the brain matures. These responses are for survival and development in the early months of life.

A

Primitive reflexes

Additional: One of the most common tools used by
physicians (e.g. pediatricians) and therapists to assess the integrity of the central nervous system in infants and children.

96
Q

If it persists, it will impair the ability to roll (extended arm
stops baby to roll), impair the use of hands smoothly together at midline, poor visual regard for the object held, poor balance, and/or fall when he rotates his head.
A. Moro or Startle reflex
B. Rooting reflex
C. Asymmetric tonic neck reflex
D. Symmetric tonic neck reflex

A

C. Asymmetric tonic neck reflex

97
Q

Signs of retention:
1. Anterior tongue tie
2. Thumb sucking or oral hypersensitivity
3. Poor eating, speech, and articulation problem

A. Moro or Startle reflex
B. Rooting reflex
C. Asymmetric tonic neck reflex
D. Symmetric tonic neck reflex

A

B. Rooting reflex

98
Q

If it is retained, the baby may become over-sensitive and
over-reactive to sensory stimuli (easily shocked), resulting in poor impulse
control, sensory overload, motion sickness, poor balance and coordination, easy distractibility, anxiety and mood swings, and social immaturity.
A. Moro or Startle reflex
B. Rooting reflex
C. Asymmetric tonic neck reflex
D. Symmetric tonic neck reflex

A

A. Moro or Startle reflex

99
Q

If it persists, it will interfere with advanced reciprocal
creeping and impaired dissociation between 2 lower extremities and transition between
quadruped to sitting to knees to standing.

The baby will not be able to do true creeping on the floor but instead will do bunny hops.

A. Moro or Startle reflex
B. Rooting reflex
C. Asymmetric tonic neck reflex
D. Symmetric tonic neck reflex

A

D. Symmetric tonic neck reflex

100
Q

If the ___ is retained, a child may have difficulty with fine
motor skills, sticking out their tongue while writing, and exhibiting messy handwriting.

A

palmar grasp

101
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The Babinski’s reflex is present at birth.

A

True

102
Q

The following are risk factors for premature infancy, EXCEPT:
A. Pregnancy with twins, triplets or other multiples
B. In vitro fertilization
C. Preeclampsia
D. A span of more than six months between pregnancies
E. None of the above

A

D. A span of more than six months between pregnancies

Less than 6 mos = Risk factor. It is ideal to wait 18 to 24 months between pregnancies.

103
Q

The following are risk factors for premature infancy, EXCEPT:
A. Previous premature birth
B. More than one miscarriage or abortion
C. Placenta previa
D. Smoking, drugs, alcohol, low nutrition of
mother
E. None of the above

A

E. None of the above

104
Q

Causes of retained / persistent reflexes, EXCEPT:
A. Trauma
B. Cesarean section
C. Exposure to toxins inside uterus
D. Anesthetics and medications
E. None of the above

A

E. None of the above

105
Q

Causes of retained / persistent reflexes, EXCEPT:
A. Walking early
B. Head injuries and chronic ear infections
C. Pre-term infancy
D. Short period or lack of crawling
E. None of the above

A

E. None of the above

106
Q

Unable to regulate temperature through body fat until 34th week. This may result in hypothermia.
A. Preterm infant
B. Term infant

A

A. Preterm infant

107
Q

Enumerate the 2 primitive reflexes that both suppress at 4-6 months

A
  1. Moro or Startle Reflex
  2. Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex
108
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Premature infants tend to walk in a toe-heel fashion, while more mature infants walk in a heel-toe pattern.

A

True

109
Q

partial or complete lung
collapse

A

atelectasis

110
Q

When surfactant production is inadequate to prevent
alveolar collapse and atelectasis occur (alveoli
can’t open to take in air), these cause ___.

A

respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)

111
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Retinopathy of prematurity interferes with the normal vascularization process due to abnormal vessel development and sometimes, defects in vision, such as blindness.

A

True

112
Q

If the infant is more than ___ weeks old, 98% of the time, the ductus arteriosus will close by the time of discharge.

A

30

113
Q

More sophisticated postural responses
emerge between ___ months of age that are
used and incorporated into volitional motor
behavior.

A

2-14

114
Q

During normal development, primitive reflexes are slowly inhibited by the ___ lobe of the brain as the age progresses

A

frontal

115
Q

Hyperbilirubinemia is more common in infants and kernicterus (brain damage
caused by hyperbilirubinemia)
occurs even with serum bilirubin is as low as ___ mg/dL

A

10

(3) MS: Pediatric Conditions (11 decks)

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