S2_L2: Infantile Reflexes Flashcards
1
Q
Rests in a more flexed attitude and has more subcutaneous fat
A. Preterm infant
B. Term infant
A
B. Term infant
2
Q
Has a relaxed attitude, limbs more extended, body size is small, head appears larger
in proportion to body (limp)
A. Preterm infant
B. Term infant
A
A. Preterm infant
3
Q
Scrotum and testes are undeveloped, not pendulous, with minimal
rugae.
A. Preterm infant
B. Term infant
A
A. Preterm infant
4
Q
Testes may be in the inguinal canal or in
abdominal cavity
A. Preterm infant
B. Term infant
A
A. Preterm infant
5
Q
Scrotum and testes are well-developed, pendulous, and rugated. The testes are down in the scrotal sac.
A. Preterm infant
B. Term infant
A
B. Term infant
6
Q
Clitoris is prominent and the labia majora are poorly developed and gaping.
A. Preterm infant
B. Term infant
A
A. Preterm infant
7
Q
Fully developed labia majora and the clitoris is not prominent.
A. Preterm infant
B. Term infant
A
B. Term infant
8
Q
Scarf sign: Resisting attempt
to bring elbow past midline
A. Preterm infant
B. Term infant
A
B. Term infant
9
Q
Scarf sign: Elbow may be
brought across chest with
little or no resistance
A. Preterm infant
B. Term infant
A
A. Preterm infant
10
Q
Ear cartilages are well formed
A. Preterm infant
B. Term infant
A
B. Term infant
10
Q
Ear cartilages are poorly
developed and easily
fold
A. Preterm infant
B. Term infant
A
A. Preterm infant
11
Q
Lanugo (hair) is present over back and face
A. Preterm infant
B. Term infant
A
A. Preterm infant
12
Q
Firm hair with separate glands
A. Preterm infant
B. Term infant
A
B. Term infant
13
Q
Fully developed lungs
A. Preterm infant
B. Term infant
A
B. Term infant
14
Q
Presence of distress, breathing complications
A. Preterm infant
B. Term infant
A
A. Preterm infant
15
Q
Higher brain functioning
A. Preterm infant
B. Term infant
A
B. Term infant
16
Q
Has enough body fat and energy to regulate body function
A. Preterm infant
B. Term infant
A
B. Term infant
17
Q
By 35th weeks, baby’s brain still needs to grow 50%
A. Preterm infant
B. Term infant
A
A. Preterm infant
18
Q
Able to suck and swallow leading to rapid weight gain
A. Preterm infant
B. Term infant
A
B. Term infant
19
Q
Weak suck/swallowing;
not fully developed until 34th week. They are assisted through NGT
or droppers.
A. Preterm infant
B. Term infant
A
A. Preterm infant
19
Q
Normal or term infants are born between how many weeks of pregnancy?
A
37-42 weeks
20
Q
Preterm is defined as babies born alive before ___ weeks of pregnancy are completed
A
37
21
Q
Pre-term birth based in gestational age
- 32 to 37 weeks
- Less than 28 weeks
- 28 to less than 32 weeks
A. Extremely preterm
B. Very preterm
C. Moderate to late preterm
A
- C
- A
- B
22
Q
Reflexes that are absent at birth and emerges as the child develops
A
Physiologic postural reflexes response
23
Physiologic Postural Reflex
Stimulus: Visual and vestibular stimulus
A. Head Righting reflex
B. Body, Head Righting reflex
C. Parachute Reaction or Protective Extension Reflex
D. Equilibrium or Tilting Reaction
A. Head Righting reflex
24
Physiologic Postural Reflex
Stimulus: tactile proprioception, vestibular
A. Head Righting reflex
B. Body, Head Righting reflex
C. Parachute Reaction or Protective Extension Reflex
D. Equilibrium or Tilting Reaction
B. Body, Head Righting reflex
25
Physiologic Postural Reflex
Stimulus: displacement of center of gravity outside of the supporting surface
A. Head Righting reflex
B. Body, Head Righting reflex
C. Parachute Reaction or Protective Extension Reflex
D. Equilibrium or Tilting Reaction
C. Parachute Reaction or Protective Extension Reflex
26
Physiologic Postural Reflex
Stimulus: displacement of center of gravity
A. Head Righting reflex
B. Body, Head Righting reflex
C. Parachute Reaction or Protective Extension Reflex
D. Equilibrium or Tilting Reaction
D. Equilibrium or Tilting Reaction
27
Physiologic Postural Reflex
Response: Adjustment of tone and posture of trunk to maintain balance
A. Head Righting reflex
B. Body, Head Righting reflex
C. Parachute Reaction or Protective Extension Reflex
D. Equilibrium or Tilting Reaction
D. Equilibrium or Tilting Reaction
28
Physiologic Postural Reflex
Response: Extension-abduction of the extremity
toward the side of the displacement to prevent falling
A. Head Righting reflex
B. Body, Head Righting reflex
C. Parachute Reaction or Protective Extension Reflex
D. Equilibrium or Tilting Reaction
C. Parachute Reaction or Protective Extension Reflex
29
Physiologic Postural Reflex
Response: Align body parts in anatomic position
relative to each other and gravity
A. Head Righting reflex
B. Body, Head Righting reflex
C. Parachute Reaction or Protective Extension Reflex
D. Equilibrium or Tilting Reaction
B. Body, Head Righting reflex
30
Physiologic Postural Reflex
Response: Align face/head vertical, mouth horizontal
A. Head Righting reflex
B. Body, Head Righting reflex
C. Parachute Reaction or Protective Extension Reflex
D. Equilibrium or Tilting Reaction
A. Head Righting reflex
31
Physiologic Postural Reflex
Significance: Absent or abnormal in cerebral palsy patient. Absent in Asymmetric spastic
hemiplegia & young stroke.
A. Head Righting reflex
B. Body, Head Righting reflex
C. Parachute Reaction or Protective Extension Reflex
D. Equilibrium or Tilting Reaction
C. Parachute Reaction or Protective Extension Reflex
32
Physiologic Postural Reflex
If you tilt the baby to the side, they’ll try to go back vertically.
A. Head Righting reflex
B. Body, Head Righting reflex
C. Parachute Reaction or Protective Extension Reflex
D. Equilibrium or Tilting Reaction
D. Equilibrium or Tilting Reaction
33
Physiologic Postural Reflex
Significance: Delays or absence in CNS is related to immature CNS or damage
A. Head Righting reflex
B. Body, Head Righting reflex
C. Parachute Reaction or Protective Extension Reflex
D. Equilibrium or Tilting Reaction
A. Head Righting reflex
34
Physiologic Postural Reflex
Age of emergence: from 4-6 months old
A. Head Righting reflex
B. Body, Head Righting reflex
C. Parachute Reaction or Protective Extension Reflex
D. Equilibrium or Tilting Reaction
B. Body, Head Righting reflex
34
Physiologic Postural Reflex
Age of emergence:
In Sitting: 6-8 months
In Standing: 12-14 months
A. Head Righting reflex
B. Body, Head Righting reflex
C. Parachute Reaction or Protective Extension Reflex
D. Equilibrium or Tilting Reaction
D. Equilibrium or Tilting Reaction
34
Physiologic Postural Reflex
Age of emergence: between 5 to 12 months
A. Head Righting reflex
B. Body, Head Righting reflex
C. Parachute Reaction or Protective Extension Reflex
D. Equilibrium or Tilting Reaction
C. Parachute Reaction or Protective Extension Reflex
35
Physiologic Postural Reflex
Age of emergence:
In Prone: 2 months
In Supine: 3-4 months
A. Head Righting reflex
B. Body, Head Righting reflex
C. Parachute Reaction or Protective Extension Reflex
D. Equilibrium or Tilting Reaction
A. Head Righting reflex
36
Primitive Reflexes
Stimulus: sudden neck extension
A. Moro or Startle Reflex
B. Rooting Reflex
C. Neck Righting or Body Detortational Reflex
D. Positive Supporting Reflex
A. Moro or Startle Reflex
37
Primitive Reflexes
Stimulus: stroking the corner of the mouth upper or lower lip
A. Moro or Startle Reflex
B. Rooting Reflex
C. Neck Righting or Body Detortational Reflex
D. Positive Supporting Reflex
B. Rooting Reflex
38
Primitive Reflexes
Stimulus: tactile contact and weight bearing on the sole
A. Moro or Startle Reflex
B. Rooting Reflex
C. Neck Righting or Body Detortational Reflex
D. Positive Supporting Reflex
D. Positive Supporting Reflex
39
Primitive Reflexes
Stimulus: neck rotation in supine
A. Moro or Startle Reflex
B. Rooting Reflex
C. Neck Righting or Body Detortational Reflex
D. Positive Supporting Reflex
C. Neck Righting or Body Detortational Reflex
40
Primitive Reflexes
Response: Sequential body rotation from shoulder
to pelvis toward the direction of the face. When you turn head, baby rolls as well.
A. Moro or Startle Reflex
B. Rooting Reflex
C. Neck Righting or Body Detortational Reflex
D. Positive Supporting Reflex
C. Neck Righting or Body Detortational Reflex
41
Primitive Reflexes
Response: legs extend for partial support of body weight
A. Moro or Startle Reflex
B. Rooting Reflex
C. Neck Righting or Body Detortational Reflex
D. Positive Supporting Reflex
D. Positive Supporting Reflex
42
Primitive Reflexes
Response: moving tongue, mouth and head towards stimulus
A. Moro or Startle Reflex
B. Rooting Reflex
C. Neck Righting or Body Detortational Reflex
D. Positive Supporting Reflex
B. Rooting Reflex
43
Primitive Reflexes
Response: Arm extension and abduction followed by
flexion and adduction.
A. Moro or Startle Reflex
B. Rooting Reflex
C. Neck Righting or Body Detortational Reflex
D. Positive Supporting Reflex
A. Moro or Startle Reflex
44
Primitive Reflexes
Significance: Gives an indication of muscle tone.
Both arms should extend & abduct.
A. Moro or Startle Reflex
B. Rooting Reflex
C. Neck Righting or Body Detortational Reflex
D. Positive Supporting Reflex
A. Moro or Startle Reflex
45
Primitive Reflexes
Significance: Enables child to roll from prone to supine and supine to prone; helps
build muscle tone against gravity.
A. Moro or Startle Reflex
B. Rooting Reflex
C. Neck Righting or Body Detortational Reflex
D. Positive Supporting Reflex
C. Neck Righting or Body Detortational Reflex
46
Primitive Reflexes
In neurologic cases, e.g. cerebral palsy, this reflex is absent
A. Moro or Startle Reflex
B. Rooting Reflex
C. Neck Righting or Body Detortational Reflex
D. Positive Supporting Reflex
C. Neck Righting or Body Detortational Reflex
47
Primitive Reflexes
Retention of the ____ beyond
four months may result in difficulty with solid foods, poor articulation, and
thumb sucking
A. Moro or Startle Reflex
B. Rooting Reflex
C. Neck Righting or Body Detortational Reflex
D. Positive Supporting Reflex
B. Rooting Reflex
48
Primitive Reflexes
Age of suppression: 4 months
A. Moro or Startle Reflex
B. Rooting Reflex
C. Neck Righting or Body Detortational Reflex
D. Positive Supporting Reflex
B. Rooting Reflex
48
Primitive Reflexes
Age of suppression: 3-7 months, and it is replaced by volitional standing
A. Moro or Startle Reflex
B. Rooting Reflex
C. Neck Righting or Body Detortational Reflex
D. Positive Supporting Reflex
D. Positive Supporting Reflex
49
Primitive Reflexes
Age of suppression: 4-6 months
A. Moro or Startle Reflex
B. Rooting Reflex
C. Neck Righting or Body Detortational Reflex
D. Positive Supporting Reflex
A. Moro or Startle Reflex
50
Primitive Reflexes
Emerges at 4 months and is replaced by volitional
rolling
A. Moro or Startle Reflex
B. Rooting Reflex
C. Neck Righting or Body Detortational Reflex
D. Positive Supporting Reflex
C. Neck Righting or Body Detortational Reflex
51
Primitive Reflexes
Stimulus: head turning or tilting to the side
A. Palmar Grasp
B. Plantar Grasp
C. Asymmetric Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR Fencing Reflex)
D. Symmetric Tonic Neck Reflex
C. Asymmetric Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR Fencing Reflex)
52
Primitive Reflexes
Stimulus: neck flexion or neck extension
A. Palmar Grasp
B. Plantar Grasp
C. Asymmetric Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR Fencing Reflex)
D. Symmetric Tonic Neck Reflex
D. Symmetric Tonic Neck Reflex
53
Primitive Reflexes
Stimulus: pressure or touch on the palm; stretch of finger flexors
A. Palmar Grasp
B. Plantar Grasp
C. Asymmetric Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR Fencing Reflex)
D. Symmetric Tonic Neck Reflex
A. Palmar Grasp
53
Primitive Reflexes
Stimulus: pressure on the sole just distal to the metatarsal head
A. Palmar Grasp
B. Plantar Grasp
C. Asymmetric Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR Fencing Reflex)
D. Symmetric Tonic Neck Reflex
B. Plantar Grasp
54
Primitive Reflexes
Response: flexion of toes
A. Palmar Grasp
B. Plantar Grasp
C. Asymmetric Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR Fencing Reflex)
D. Symmetric Tonic Neck Reflex
B. Plantar Grasp
55
Primitive Reflexes
Response: flexion of fingers/fingers close
A. Palmar Grasp
B. Plantar Grasp
C. Asymmetric Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR Fencing Reflex)
D. Symmetric Tonic Neck Reflex
A. Palmar Grasp
56
Primitive Reflexes
Response:
If neck flexion → arms flex, legs extend
If neck extension → arms extend, legs flex
A. Palmar Grasp
B. Plantar Grasp
C. Asymmetric Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR Fencing Reflex)
D. Symmetric Tonic Neck Reflex
D. Symmetric Tonic Neck Reflex
57
Primitive Reflexes
Response: Extremity extend on the chin/face side
and flex on the occiput side
A. Palmar Grasp
B. Plantar Grasp
C. Asymmetric Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR Fencing Reflex)
D. Symmetric Tonic Neck Reflex
C. Asymmetric Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR Fencing Reflex)
58
Primitive Reflexes
Age of suppression: 6-7 months
A. Palmar Grasp
B. Plantar Grasp
C. Asymmetric Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR Fencing Reflex)
D. Symmetric Tonic Neck Reflex
E. C and D
E. C and D
59
Primitive Reflexes
Age of suppression: 12-18 months
A. Palmar Grasp
B. Plantar Grasp
C. Asymmetric Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR Fencing Reflex)
D. Symmetric Tonic Neck Reflex
B. Plantar Grasp
60
Primitive Reflexes
Age of suppression: 5-6 months
A. Palmar Grasp
B. Plantar Grasp
C. Asymmetric Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR Fencing Reflex)
D. Symmetric Tonic Neck Reflex
A. Palmar Grasp
61
Primitive Reflexes
Significance: Serves to create the basic motor pattern that lays foundation for voluntary
ability
A. Palmar Grasp
B. Plantar Grasp
C. Asymmetric Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR Fencing Reflex)
D. Symmetric Tonic Neck Reflex
A. Palmar Grasp
62
Primitive Reflexes
Significance: Integrates at the same time that
independent gait first becomes possible
A. Palmar Grasp
B. Plantar Grasp
C. Asymmetric Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR Fencing Reflex)
D. Symmetric Tonic Neck Reflex
B. Plantar Grasp
Note: A negative or diminished reflex during
early infancy is often a sensitive indicator of existing spasticity
63
Primitive Reflexes
Significance: Assist with early eye-hand regard, provides vestibular stimulation, changes the distribution of muscle
A. Palmar Grasp
B. Plantar Grasp
C. Asymmetric Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR Fencing Reflex)
D. Symmetric Tonic Neck Reflex
C. Asymmetric Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR Fencing Reflex)
64
Primitive Reflexes
Significance: Allows child to move up against gravity
and assume quadruped. Assists in the development of bilateral patterns of body movement.
A. Palmar Grasp
B. Plantar Grasp
C. Asymmetric Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR Fencing Reflex)
D. Symmetric Tonic Neck Reflex
D. Symmetric Tonic Neck Reflex
Note: Integrates as the child begins to crawl and can lift the buttocks from the heels
without flexing the neck. It is also integrated when rocking back and forth on hands and knees.
65
Primitive Reflexes
Stimulus: contact of sole in vertically tilting the body forward and from side to side
A. Automatic Walking Reflex
B. Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex
C. Placing Reflex
D. Babinski's Reflex
A. Automatic Walking Reflex
66
Primitive Reflexes
Stimulus: Head position in space strongest at 45
degrees from horizontal
A. Automatic Walking Reflex
B. Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex
C. Placing Reflex
D. Babinski's Reflex
B. Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex
67
Primitive Reflexes
Stimulus: tactile contact on dorsum of foot or hand
A. Automatic Walking Reflex
B. Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex
C. Placing Reflex
D. Babinski's Reflex
C. Placing Reflex
68
Primitive Reflexes
Stimulus: firm, painful stroke along the lateral of the sole from heel to toe
A. Automatic Walking Reflex
B. Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex
C. Placing Reflex
D. Babinski's Reflex
D. Babinski's Reflex
69
Primitive Reflexes
Response: movement (extension) of the big toe and sometimes fanning of other toes
A. Automatic Walking Reflex
B. Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex
C. Placing Reflex
D. Babinski's Reflex
D. Babinski's Reflex
70
Primitive Reflexes
Response: extremity flexion to put foot or arm over an obstacle. It is similar to taking a step.
A. Automatic Walking Reflex
B. Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex
C. Placing Reflex
D. Babinski's Reflex
C. Placing Reflex
71
Primitive Reflexes
Response:
In Supine: predominant extensor tone
In Prone: predominant flexor tone
A. Automatic Walking Reflex
B. Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex
C. Placing Reflex
D. Babinski's Reflex
B. Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex
72
Primitive Reflexes
Response: alternating automatic steps with support
A. Automatic Walking Reflex
B. Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex
C. Placing Reflex
D. Babinski's Reflex
A. Automatic Walking Reflex
73
Primitive Reflexes
Age of suppression: 3-4 months
A. Automatic Walking Reflex
B. Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex
C. Placing Reflex
D. Babinski's Reflex
A. Automatic Walking Reflex
74
Primitive Reflexes
Age of suppression: 4–6 months
A. Automatic Walking Reflex
B. Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex
C. Placing Reflex
D. Babinski's Reflex
B. Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex
75
Primitive Reflexes
Age of suppression: before end of first year
A. Automatic Walking Reflex
B. Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex
C. Placing Reflex
D. Babinski's Reflex
C. Placing Reflex
76
Primitive Reflexes
Age of suppression: 9-10 months
A. Automatic Walking Reflex
B. Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex
C. Placing Reflex
D. Babinski's Reflex
D. Babinski's Reflex
77
Primitive Reflexes
Significance: The presence of reflex later may indicate
disease. It checks for UMN disease in adults.
A. Automatic Walking Reflex
B. Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex
C. Placing Reflex
D. Babinski's Reflex
D. Babinski's Reflex
78
Primitive Reflexes
Significance: Reflex is demonstrable in new born
and persistent failure to elicit this stage is thought to indicate neurologic
abnormality.
A. Automatic Walking Reflex
B. Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex
C. Placing Reflex
D. Babinski's Reflex
C. Placing Reflex
79
Primitive Reflexes
Significance: Learning to do neck and head control.
A. Automatic Walking Reflex
B. Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex
C. Placing Reflex
D. Babinski's Reflex
B. Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex
Additional: Together with STNR, Landu, etc., it helps the infant develop coordination, proper head alignment, and posture.
80
Primitive Reflexes
Significance: Infants
may walk alone at 10 months with daily reflex practice. It develops standing and then walking.
A. Automatic Walking Reflex
B. Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex
C. Placing Reflex
D. Babinski's Reflex
A. Automatic Walking Reflex
81
Complications of Prematurity
1. Patent ductus arteriosus
2. Retinopathy of prematurity; myopia, strabismus
3. Poor suck, apneic episode, intraventricular
hemorrhage, cognitive delays
4. Feeding intolerance increasing risk of
aspiration; decreased or no sucking & swallowing
A. Cardiac
B. Central nervous system
C. Eyes
D. Gastrointestinal tract
1. A
2. C
3. B
4. D
82
Complications of Prematurity
1. Sepsis, meningitis
2. Hypoglycemia, hyperbilirubinemia
3. respiratory distress syndrome, chronic
lung disease, atelectasis
A. Lungs
B. Infection
C. Metabolic Problems
1. B
2. C
3. A
83
In premature and mature infants, a ____ age of gestation equals lesser complications.
Higher
84
TRUE OR FALSE: The fetus must be delivered out in cases of placenta previa and pre-labor rupture of the membrane.
True
85
Classification according to clinical basis
1. Cutaneous
2. Pathologic reflexes
3. Mucus membrane
4. Visceral reflexes
A. Superficial reflex
B. Deep reflex
1. A
2. B
3. A
4. B
86
Classification of reflexes
1. Optical righting reflex
2. Sucking Reflex
3. Equilibrium reactions
4. Positive Supporting Reactions
A. Brainstem reflex
B. Spinal reflex
C. Midbrain reflex
D. Cortical reflex
1. C
2. B
3. D
4. A
87
Classification of reflexes
1. Rooting Reflex
2. Static labyrinthine
3. Amphibian reflex
4. Palmar grasp
A. Brainstem reflex
B. Spinal reflex
C. Midbrain reflex
D. Cortical reflex
1. B
2. A
3. C
4. B
88
Classification of reflexes
1. Walking / Stepping Reflex
2. Kinetic Labyrinthine
3. Plantar Grasp
4. Asymmetric tonic neck reflexes
A. Brainstem reflex
B. Spinal reflex
C. Midbrain reflex
D. Cortical reflex
1. B
2. C
3. B
4. A
89
Classification of reflexes
1. Crossed extension reflex
2. Symmetric tonic neck reflexes
3. Flexor withdrawal reflex
4. Posterior semi-circular canal
A. Brainstem reflex
B. Spinal reflex
C. Midbrain reflex
D. Cortical reflex
1. B
2. A
3. B
4. C
90
Classification of reflexes
1. Negative Supporting Reactions
2. Body righting acting on body
3. Extensor thrust reflex
4. Parachute reflex
A. Brainstem reflex
B. Spinal reflex
C. Midbrain reflex
D. Cortical reflex
1. A
2. C
3. B
4. C
91
Classification of reflexes
1. Labyrinthine righting reflex
2. Body righting acting on head
3. Superior semi-circular canal
4. Protective extension reflex
A. Brainstem reflex
B. Spinal reflex
C. Midbrain reflex
D. Cortical reflex
1. C
2. C
3. C
4. C
92
Volitional control is usually acquired by the ____ months
of life
6-8
93
TRUE OR FALSE: Obligatory or persistent primitive reflexes are the earliest markers of abnormal neurologic maturation.
True
Additional: The persistence of these reflexes beyond the
usual ages of integration is suggestive of ischemic brain injury (bleeding).
94
TRUE OR FALSE: The motor responses arising from CNS are inhibited by 4 to 6 months of age as the brain
matures and replaces them with voluntary motor activities, but certain neurological diseases can relapse.
True
95
Adaptive responses that develop during the neonatal period and integrate (disappear) over time as the brain matures. These responses are for survival and development in the early months of life.
Primitive reflexes
Additional: One of the most common tools used by
physicians (e.g. pediatricians) and therapists to assess the integrity of the central nervous system in infants and children.
96
If it persists, it will impair the ability to roll (extended arm
stops baby to roll), impair the use of hands smoothly together at midline, poor visual regard for the object held, poor balance, and/or fall when he rotates his head.
A. Moro or Startle reflex
B. Rooting reflex
C. Asymmetric tonic neck reflex
D. Symmetric tonic neck reflex
C. Asymmetric tonic neck reflex
97
Signs of retention:
1. Anterior tongue tie
2. Thumb sucking or oral hypersensitivity
3. Poor eating, speech, and articulation problem
A. Moro or Startle reflex
B. Rooting reflex
C. Asymmetric tonic neck reflex
D. Symmetric tonic neck reflex
B. Rooting reflex
98
If it is retained, the baby may become over-sensitive and
over-reactive to sensory stimuli (easily shocked), resulting in poor impulse
control, sensory overload, motion sickness, poor balance and coordination, easy distractibility, anxiety and mood swings, and social immaturity.
A. Moro or Startle reflex
B. Rooting reflex
C. Asymmetric tonic neck reflex
D. Symmetric tonic neck reflex
A. Moro or Startle reflex
99
If it persists, it will interfere with advanced reciprocal
creeping and impaired dissociation between 2 lower extremities and transition between
quadruped to sitting to knees to standing.
The baby will not be able to do true creeping on the floor but instead will do bunny hops.
A. Moro or Startle reflex
B. Rooting reflex
C. Asymmetric tonic neck reflex
D. Symmetric tonic neck reflex
D. Symmetric tonic neck reflex
100
If the ___ is retained, a child may have difficulty with fine
motor skills, sticking out their tongue while writing, and exhibiting messy handwriting.
palmar grasp
101
TRUE OR FALSE: The Babinski's reflex is present at birth.
True
102
The following are risk factors for premature infancy, EXCEPT:
A. Pregnancy with twins, triplets or other multiples
B. In vitro fertilization
C. Preeclampsia
D. A span of more than six months between pregnancies
E. None of the above
D. A span of more than six months between pregnancies
Less than 6 mos = Risk factor. It is ideal to wait 18 to 24 months between pregnancies.
103
The following are risk factors for premature infancy, EXCEPT:
A. Previous premature birth
B. More than one miscarriage or abortion
C. Placenta previa
D. Smoking, drugs, alcohol, low nutrition of
mother
E. None of the above
E. None of the above
104
Causes of retained / persistent reflexes, EXCEPT:
A. Trauma
B. Cesarean section
C. Exposure to toxins inside uterus
D. Anesthetics and medications
E. None of the above
E. None of the above
105
Causes of retained / persistent reflexes, EXCEPT:
A. Walking early
B. Head injuries and chronic ear infections
C. Pre-term infancy
D. Short period or lack of crawling
E. None of the above
E. None of the above
106
Unable to regulate temperature through body fat until 34th week. This may result in hypothermia.
A. Preterm infant
B. Term infant
A. Preterm infant
107
Enumerate the 2 primitive reflexes that both suppress at 4-6 months
1. Moro or Startle Reflex
2. Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex
108
TRUE OR FALSE: Premature infants tend to walk in a toe-heel fashion, while more mature infants walk in a heel-toe pattern.
True
109
partial or complete lung
collapse
atelectasis
110
When surfactant production is inadequate to prevent
alveolar collapse and atelectasis occur (alveoli
can’t open to take in air), these cause ___.
respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)
111
TRUE OR FALSE: Retinopathy of prematurity interferes with the normal vascularization process due to abnormal vessel development and sometimes, defects in vision, such as blindness.
True
112
If the infant is more than ___ weeks old, 98% of the time, the ductus arteriosus will close by the time of discharge.
30
113
More sophisticated postural responses
emerge between ___ months of age that are
used and incorporated into volitional motor
behavior.
2-14
114
During normal development, primitive reflexes are slowly inhibited by the ___ lobe of the brain as the age progresses
frontal
115
Hyperbilirubinemia is more common in infants and kernicterus (brain damage
caused by hyperbilirubinemia)
occurs even with serum bilirubin is as low as ___ mg/dL
10
