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(3) MS: Pediatric Conditions > S2_L1: Growth and Development > Flashcards

S2_L1: Growth and Development Flashcards

1
Q

The perinatal period or “period of
growth” is from the (1)___ week of gestation to the first (2)___ after birth

A
  1. 20th
  2. six days
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2
Q

The Neonatal Period is the first ___ days after birth

A

28 (~4 wks after birth)

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3
Q

Enumerate the 3 age groups under five

A
  1. Early infancy
  2. Later infancy (toddler)
  3. Pre-school
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4
Q

Early infancy is from under 1 month to ____

A

1 year

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5
Q

Later infancy / Toddler is from what age range?

A

2-3 years old

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6
Q

Pre-school age group is from what age range?

A

4-5 years old

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7
Q

Adolescence age group is from what age range?

A

10-19 years old

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8
Q

School age is from what age range?

A

6-9 years old

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9
Q

In infancy, growth of what body structure is the fastest?

A

Head

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10
Q

The typical 2-3 year old has mild _____ with a protuberant abdomen.

A

lumbar lordosis

Additional: By early school age, increased abdominal strength leads to a more mature pelvic alignment and decreased lordosis.

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11
Q

CoG of newborns

A

Xiphoid process

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12
Q

CoG shifts to where in late childhood?

A

In front of the sacral promontory [S2]

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13
Q

Factor affecting growth and development: Diabetic mother

A. Pre-natal environment
B. Related to fetus
C. Post-natal environment

A

A. Pre-natal environment

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14
Q

Factor affecting growth and development: Placental implantation

A. Pre-natal environment
B. Related to fetus
C. Post-natal environment

A

B. Related to fetus

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15
Q

Factor affecting growth and development: Nutritional

A. Pre-natal environment
B. Related to fetus
C. Post-natal environment

A

A. Pre-natal environment

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16
Q

Factor affecting growth and development: Radiation, infection

A. Pre-natal environment
B. Related to fetus
C. Post-natal environment

A

A. Pre-natal environment

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17
Q

Factor affecting growth and development: Malposition

A. Pre-natal environment
B. Related to fetus
C. Post-natal environment

A

B. Related to fetus

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18
Q

Factor affecting growth and development: Socio-economic status

A. Pre-natal environment
B. Related to fetus
C. Post-natal environment

A

C. Post-natal environment

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19
Q

Factor affecting growth and development: Number of siblings, child’s nutrition

A. Pre-natal environment
B. Related to fetus
C. Post-natal environment

A

C. Post-natal environment

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20
Q

Neurologic deficit characterized by delayed mental capacity that is due to the mother’s infection with chickenpox early during pregnancy

A

Congenital varicella syndrome

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21
Q

Blood stem cells in the bone marrow don’t become healthy blood cells. This results in affected growth and development

A

Myelodysplasia

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22
Q

Average head circumference at birth

A

34-35 cm

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23
Q

Head circumference increases by ___ cm during the first year

A

12

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24
Q

Head circumference at 4 months
A. 34 cm
B. 35 cm
C. 41 cm
D. 47 cm
E. 57 cm

A

C. 41 cm

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25
Q

Head circumference at maturity
A. 34 cm
B. 35 cm
C. 41 cm
D. 47 cm
E. 57 cm

A

E. 57 cm

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26
Q

Head circumference at 12 months (1st year)
A. 34 cm
B. 35 cm
C. 41 cm
D. 47 cm
E. 57 cm

A

D. 47 cm

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27
Q

Head circumference is measured from the glabella and supraorbital
ridges anteriorly to the ____.

A

occipital protuberance

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28
Q

Diamond-shaped
A. Anterior fontanelle
B. Posterior fontanelle
C. Both
D. Neither

A

A. Anterior fontanelle

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29
Q

Formed by junction of the sagittal, corneal and frontal sutures
A. Anterior fontanelle
B. Posterior fontanelle
C. Both
D. Neither

A

A. Anterior fontanelle

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30
Q

Known as Bregma in adults
A. Anterior fontanelle
B. Posterior fontanelle
C. Both
D. Neither

A

A. Anterior fontanelle

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31
Q

Known as Lambda in adults
A. Anterior fontanelle
B. Posterior fontanelle
C. Both
D. Neither

A

B. Posterior fontanelle

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32
Q

Closes by the end of the 1st month of age
A. Anterior fontanelle
B. Posterior fontanelle
C. Both
D. Neither

A

B. Posterior fontanelle

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33
Q

Located between the occipital & 2 parietal bones
A. Anterior fontanelle
B. Posterior fontanelle
C. Both
D. Neither

A

B. Posterior fontanelle

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34
Q

Triangle-shaped
A. Anterior fontanelle
B. Posterior fontanelle
C. Both
D. Neither

A

B. Posterior fontanelle

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35
Q

Closes at 12-18 months of age and is found between 2 frontal & 2 parietal bones
A. Anterior fontanelle
B. Posterior fontanelle
C. Both
D. Neither

A

A. Anterior fontanelle

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36
Q

refers to lack of brain growth caused by early closure of sutures in the fontanelles

A

Microcephaly

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37
Q

refers to rapid increase in head size; may be due to elevated intracranial pressure or increase in
CSF

A

Hydrocephalus

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38
Q

Height: Average length of full term baby at birth

A

50 cm

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39
Q

Average growth in height is 12 cm in the ____ year

A

second

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40
Q

Girls attain maximal growth velocity after menarche. Growth cessation occurs 2 years after menarche.
A. Only the 1st statement is true
B. Only the 2nd statement is true
C. Both statements are true
D. Both statements are false

A

B. Only the 2nd statement is true

Correct if before menarche

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41
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Adult height can be estimated by doubling the length at 3 years of age.

A

False, it’s 2 years

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42
Q

acquisition and refinement
of advancing skills

A

Development

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43
Q

Gross motor: Automatic reflex walking, rounded spine when sitting
A. Newborn
B. 4 months
C. 7 months
D. 10 months

A

A. Newborn

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43
Q

Gross motor: In prone, turns head to side. Flexor tone predominates
A. Newborn
B. 4 months
C. 7 months
D. 10 months

A

A. Newborn

Additional: Primitive reflexes present

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44
Q

Gross motor: Head in midline, can turn to supine
A. Newborn
B. 4 months
C. 7 months
D. 10 months

A

B. 4 months

Additional: Most primitive reflexes integrated; increase motor control with more balanced flexion and extension tone

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45
Q

Gross motor: Head held when pulled to sit. In prone, they lift head to 90°
A. Newborn
B. 4 months
C. 7 months
D. 10 months

A

B. 4 months

Additional: Progressive central nervous system maturation; AKA “Lap baby”

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45
Q

Gross motor: Maintains sitting, rolls to prone. Has cervical lordosis because they develop neck extension
A. Newborn
B. 4 months
C. 7 months
D. 10 months

A

C. 7 months

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46
Q

Gross motor: Bears all weight, bounces when held erect
A. Newborn
B. 4 months
C. 7 months
D. 10 months

A

C. 7 months

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47
Q

Primitive, infantile reflexes are becoming integrated (disappears) allowing an increase freedom of movement and high transitional skill. Oral motor skill improving & stronger lip closure for spoon feeding
A. Newborn
B. 4 months
C. 7 months
D. 10 months

A

C. 7 months

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48
Q

Gross motor: Creeps, pivots in sitting, cruises, stands momentarily
A. Newborn
B. 4 months
C. 7 months
D. 10 months

A

D. 10 months

Additional: While sitting, can reach up to ten inches forward without losing balance. Mobility and exploration continue to expand.

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49
Q

Transition to standing continues to improve through half kneeling
A. Newborn
B. 4 months
C. 7 months
D. 10 months

A

D. 10 months

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50
Q

Fine motor: Can follow bright, bold object, can visually fix and follow to a limited extent (but vision is not yet clear)
A. Newborn
B. 4 months
C. 7 months
D. 10 months

A

A. Newborn

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51
Q

Fine motor: Hands fisted, grasp reflex
A. Newborn
B. 4 months
C. 7 months
D. 10 months

A

A. Newborn

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52
Q

Fine motor: Hands mostly open, midline hand play
A. Newborn
B. 4 months
C. 7 months
D. 10 months

A

B. 4 months

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53
Q

Fine motor: Crude palmar grasp
A. Newborn
B. 4 months
C. 7 months
D. 10 months

A

B. 4 months

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54
Q

Fine motor: Intermediate grasp, bangs objects
A. Newborn
B. 4 months
C. 7 months
D. 10 months

A

C. 7 months

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55
Q

Fine motor: Transfers cube from hand to hand
A. Newborn
B. 4 months
C. 7 months
D. 10 months

A

C. 7 months

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56
Q

Fine motor: Pincer grasp, mature thumb to index grasp; bangs 2 cubes held in hands
A. Newborn
B. 4 months
C. 7 months
D. 10 months

A

D. 10 months

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57
Q

Personal-Social: Plays peek-a-boo
A. Newborn
B. 4 months
C. 7 months
D. 10 months

A

D. 10 months

58
Q

Personal-Social: Finger feeds & chews with rotary movement
A. Newborn
B. 4 months
C. 7 months
D. 10 months

A

D. 10 months

59
Q

Personal-Social: Recognizes bottle
A. Newborn
B. 4 months
C. 7 months
D. 10 months

A

B. 4 months

60
Q

Social: Habituation
A. Newborn
B. 4 months
C. 7 months
D. 10 months

A

A. Newborn

60
Q

Personal-Social: Differentiates between familiar person and stranger.
A. Newborn
B. 4 months
C. 7 months
D. 10 months

A

C. 7 months

61
Q

Personal-Social: Holds bottle, looks for dropped objects
A. Newborn
B. 4 months
C. 7 months
D. 10 months

A

C. 7 months

62
Q

“Love affair with the world”
A. Newborn
B. 4 months
C. 7 months
D. 10 months

A

D. 10 months

63
Q

Language/Speech: Shouts for attention, inhibits behavior when told “no”
A. Newborn
B. 4 months
C. 7 months
D. 10 months

A

D. 10 months

64
Q

Language/Speech: Uses “mama”, “dada”; imitates speech sounds
A. Newborn
B. 4 months
C. 7 months
D. 10 months

A

D. 10 months

65
Q

Language/Speech: Uses single words
A. Newborn
B. 4 months
C. 7 months
D. 10 months

A

C. 7 months

66
Q

Language/Speech: Responsive vocalization, turns to sound of voice
A. Newborn
B. 4 months
C. 7 months
D. 10 months

A

B. 4 months

67
Q

Language/Speech: Laughs / squeals, turns to bell consistently
A. Newborn
B. 4 months
C. 7 months
D. 10 months

A

B. 4 months

68
Q

Language/Speech: Cries & turns head to rattle or voice
A. Newborn
B. 4 months
C. 7 months
D. 10 months

A

A. Newborn

69
Q

Gross motor: Begins running (ability to run)
A. 14 months
B. 18 months
C. 2 years old
D. 3 years old

A

C. 2 years old

69
Q

Gross motor: Walk up and down stairs alone without help, jumps on both feet in place
A. 14 months
B. 18 months
C. 2 years old
D. 3 years old

A

C. 2 years old

70
Q

Gross motor: Runs well, pedals tricycle
A. 14 months
B. 18 months
C. 2 years old
D. 3 years old

A

D. 3 years old

71
Q

Gross motor: Walks up stairs alternating feet, broad jumps
A. 14 months
B. 18 months
C. 2 years old
D. 3 years old

A

D. 3 years old

72
Q

Gross motor: Arms at low guard, mature BoS (narrow) and heel strike
A. 14 months
B. 18 months
C. 2 years old
D. 3 years old

A

B. 18 months

73
Q

Gross motor: Seats self in (low) chair, can walk backward
A. 14 months
B. 18 months
C. 2 years old
D. 3 years old

A

B. 18 months

74
Q

Gross motor: Arms at high guard, wide BoS, excessive knee and hip flexion. Slight valgus of knee and feet, and foot contact on entire sole
A. 14 months
B. 18 months
C. 2 years old
D. 3 years old

A

A. 14 months

Become independent and autonomous as babies can already walk, but is in a
guarded position and arms wide on the
side (immature gait). Can crawl upstairs

75
Q

Fine motor: Can scribble, holds crayon full length in palm, and pile 2 cubes.
A. 14 months
B. 18 months
C. 2 years old
D. 3 years old

A

A. 14 months

76
Q

Fine motor: Emerging hand dominance
A. 14 months
B. 18 months
C. 2 years old
D. 3 years old

A

B. 18 months

76
Q

Fine motor: has crude release and dumps raisin from bottle
A. 14 months
B. 18 months
C. 2 years old
D. 3 years old

A

B. 18 months

76
Q

Fine motor: Hand dominance is usually established. Places pencil between thumb and fingers
A. 14 months
B. 18 months
C. 2 years old
D. 3 years old

A

C. 2 years old

76
Q

Fine motor: Builds 8 cube tower and imitates vertical line
A. 14 months
B. 18 months
C. 2 years old
D. 3 years old

A

C. 2 years old

77
Q

Fine motor: Catches with extended arms
hugging against body & uses overhead throw with AP arm and trunk motion
A. 14 months
B. 18 months
C. 2 years old
D. 3 years old

A

D. 3 years old

77
Q

Fine motor: Imitation of three cube bridge, copies circle
A. 14 months
B. 18 months
C. 2 years old
D. 3 years old

A

D. 3 years old

78
Q

Personal-social: Uses spoon with overpronation and frequent spilling of contents. Can remove a garment
A. 14 months
B. 18 months
C. 2 years old
D. 3 years old

A

A. 14 months

78
Q

Personal-social: Imitates housework, can drink from a cup neatly, carries and hugs doll
A. 14 months
B. 18 months
C. 2 years old
D. 3 years old

A

B. 18 months

79
Q

Personal-social: Explores environment; opens doors, turns knobs, feeds their doll, uses the spoon well, and pulls on their garment
A. 14 months
B. 18 months
C. 2 years old
D. 3 years old

A

C. 2 years old

80
Q

Personal-social: Toilet training usually begins
A. 14 months
B. 18 months
C. 2 years old
D. 3 years old

A

C. 2 years old

81
Q

Personal-social: Most are already toilet trained, they can unbutton, pour from pitcher, wash and dry their hands / face, can take turns
A. 14 months
B. 18 months
C. 2 years old
D. 3 years old

A

D. 3 years old

82
Q

Language/Speech: 3 word sentences. Recognizes 3 colors. Identifies self as girl or boy, gives full name, asks what, who, where.
A. 14 months
B. 18 months
C. 2 years old
D. 3 years old

A

D. 3 years old

82
Q

Language/Speech: 2 word phrases, refers to self by name and uses “me”, “mine”. Follows simple directions.
A. 14 months
B. 18 months
C. 2 years old
D. 3 years old

A

C. 2 years old

83
Q

Language/Speech: Identifies picture and points to named body part
A. 14 months
B. 18 months
C. 2 years old
D. 3 years old

A

B. 18 months

Additional: They can seek for help when in trouble

84
Q

Language/Speech: Uses single words, can understands simple commands
A. 14 months
B. 18 months
C. 2 years old
D. 3 years old

A

A. 14 months

85
Q

Language/Speech: Follows prepositional commands
A. 14 months
B. 18 months
C. 2 years old
D. 3 years old

A

D. 3 years old

86
Q

Language/Speech: Repeat 4 digits, knows opposite analogues
A. 4 years old
B. 5 years old
C. 6 years old
D. 8-12 years old

A

A. 4 years old

86
Q

Language/Speech: Gives name, address, age, has number concepts to 10, fluent speech
A. 4 years old
B. 5 years old
C. 6 years old
D. 8-12 years old

A

B. 5 years old

87
Q

Language/Speech: Shows mastery of grammar, uses proper articulation
A. 4 years old
B. 5 years old
C. 6 years old
D. 8-12 years old

A

C. 6 years old

87
Q

Gross motor: Rides bicycle, roller skates
A. 4 years old
B. 5 years old
C. 6 years old
D. 8-12 years old

A

C. 6 years old

87
Q

Gross motor: Balances 10 secs on each foot. Enjoys skipping and walks on tiptoes
A. 4 years old
B. 5 years old
C. 6 years old
D. 8-12 years old

A

B. 5 years old

87
Q

Gross motor: Walks up and down stairs on alternating feet
A. 4 years old
B. 5 years old
C. 6 years old
D. 8-12 years old

A

A. 4 years old

87
Q

Gross motor: Plantar arches developing and hops on 1 foot. Has adequate abdominal muscle strength; can sit up from supine without rolling.
A. 4 years old
B. 5 years old
C. 6 years old
D. 8-12 years old

A

A. 4 years old

87
Q

Motor behavior is mature; self-care skill developed
A. 4 years old
B. 5 years old
C. 6 years old
D. 8-12 years old

A

B. 5 years old

88
Q

Entrance to kindergarten
A. 4 years old
B. 5 years old
C. 6 years old
D. 8-12 years old

A

B. 5 years old

89
Q

Fine motor: Mature catch and throw of ball, prints alphabets
A. 4 years old
B. 5 years old
C. 6 years old
D. 8-12 years old

A

C. 6 years old

90
Q

Fine motor: Draws man with head, body and extremities. Throws with diagonal arm and body rotation, catches with hands
A. 4 years old
B. 5 years old
C. 6 years old
D. 8-12 years old

A

B. 5 years old

Note: Hand dominance is expected

90
Q

Fine motor: Handles a pencil like adults, can copy a cross
A. 4 years old
B. 5 years old
C. 6 years old
D. 8-12 years old

A

A. 4 years old

91
Q

Fine motor: Draws a frog-like person with
head and extremities
A. 4 years old
B. 5 years old
C. 6 years old
D. 8-12 years old

A

A. 4 years old

92
Q

Fine motor: Can cut with scissors
A. 4 years old
B. 5 years old
C. 6 years old
D. 8-12 years old

A

A. 4 years old

93
Q

Personal-social: Teacher is an important authority to child
A. 4 years old
B. 5 years old
C. 6 years old
D. 8-12 years old

A

C. 6 years old

94
Q

Personal-social: Uses fork appropriately
and uses knife for spreading
A. 4 years old
B. 5 years old
C. 6 years old
D. 8-12 years old

A

C. 6 years old

95
Q

Personal-social: Competitive team play
A. 4 years old
B. 5 years old
C. 6 years old
D. 8-12 years old

A

B. 5 years old

96
Q

Personal-social: Self-sufficient in toileting
and dresses without supervision except tying shoe laces
A. 4 years old
B. 5 years old
C. 6 years old
D. 8-12 years old

A

B. 5 years old

97
Q

Personal-social: Uses fork for stabbing food and brushes teeth
A. 4 years old
B. 5 years old
C. 6 years old
D. 8-12 years old

A

B. 5 years old

98
Q

Personal-social: Cooperative play sharing and interacting
A. 4 years old
B. 5 years old
C. 6 years old
D. 8-12 years old

A

A. 4 years old

99
Q

Personal-social: Imaginative make-believe play
A. 4 years old
B. 5 years old
C. 6 years old
D. 8-12 years old

A

A. 4 years old

100
Q

By the age of ___, the adolescent triples his birth length.

A

13

101
Q

Menarche (First menstruation) occurs between what age range?

A

12-13 years old

102
Q

The two people who categorized
development milestones in four areas (gross motor, fine motor-adaptive, language, and personal-social)

A

Gessell and Amatruda

103
Q

Average full term neonate weighs

A

3.4 kg (or ranges between 2.5 to 4.6 kg)

104
Q

Low birth weight infants weigh ___ gm

A

< 2500

105
Q

Birth weight doubles by (1)___ and triples by (2)___

A
  1. 5 mos
  2. 1 year / 12 mos
106
Q

From 3-5 years of age until the adolescent growth spurt, how much weight is gained annually?

A

2 kg

107
Q

Period of growth from ovum up to birth is how many days?

A

280
(37–42 weeks)

108
Q

Duration of the period of growth of ovum

A

0-14 days

109
Q

Duration of the period of growth of embryo

A

14 days to 9 weeks

110
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Growth is rapid in infancy, early childhood, and during puberty. Growth is slow and steady in middle childhood; growth gradually slows down in adolescence until adult height is reached.

A

True

111
Q

Age range of later childhood in boys and girls

A

Boys: 6-12 y/o
Girls: 6-10 y/o (Intellectual and emotional maturity in females occurs earlier)

112
Q

Age range of prepubescent (late school child or early adolescent) in boys and girls

A

Boys: 12-14 y/o
Girls: 10-12 y/o

113
Q

Average age of puberty in girls and boys

A

Girls: 13 y/o
Boys: 15 y/o

114
Q

Age range of adolescence in boys and girls

A

Boys: 12-20 y/o
Girls: 10-18 y/o

115
Q

Average time of appearance in Filipino Girls

  1. Acne
  2. Vaginal canal appearance of thin whitish secretion
  3. Menarche

A. 10-12
B. 11-13
C. 12-14

A
  1. C
  2. A
  3. B
116
Q

Average time of appearance in Filipino Boys

  1. Adam’s Apple / Laryngeal Prominence
  2. Voice deepening
  3. Acne

A. 10-12
B. 11-13
C. 12-14
D. 13-15

A
  1. D
  2. C
  3. D
117
Q

Concrete operational stage of cognitive development. Can do activities like reading and playing computer and board games
A. 7-11 y/o
B. 8-10 y/o
C. 9 y/o
D. 10-12 y/o

A

A. 7-11 y/o

118
Q

Enjoy all physical activities
A. 7-11 y/o
B. 8-10 y/o
C. 9 y/o
D. 10-12 y/o

A

D. 10-12 y/o

119
Q

Simple multiplication and division
concepts are performed
A. 7-11 y/o
B. 8-10 y/o
C. 9 y/o
D. 10-12 y/o

A

C. 9 y/o

120
Q

Knows their birthday, when school starts, what weekends are, and what day it is
A. 7-11 y/o
B. 8-10 y/o
C. 9 y/o
D. 10-12 y/o

A

C. 9 y/o

121
Q

Age where lasting friendships are formed

A

10 years old

122
Q

Handles eating utensils and throws balls skillfully, uses to participate in organized sports
A. 7-11 y/o
B. 8-10 y/o
C. 9 y/o
D. 10-12 y/o

A

B. 8-10 y/o

123
Q

Continues to improve his motor coordination
A. 7-11 y/o
B. 8-10 y/o
C. 9 y/o
D. 10-12 y/o

A

D. 10-12 y/o

124
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Growth spurt begins earlier in girls (10–14 years), while it is 12–16 years in boys.

A

True

125
Q

Personal-social: Dresses and undresses with supervision
A. 4 years old
B. 5 years old
C. 6 years old
D. 8-12 years old

A

A. 4 years old

126
Q

Average time of appearance in Filipino Boys

  1. Axillary hair
  2. Rapid inc in penis size
  3. Facial and body hair
  4. Initial enlargement of penis

A. 10-12
B. 9-13
C. 12-14
D. 13-15
E. 9-11

A
  1. A
  2. D
  3. C
  4. B
127
Q

Average time of appearance in Filipino Boys

  1. Start of testicular enlargement, sagging of sac wrinkling
  2. Broader shoulder and broad hips
  3. Initial pubic hair

A. 10-12
B. 9-13
C. 12-14
D. 13-15
E. 9-11

A
  1. E
  2. A
  3. A
128
Q

Average time of appearance in Filipino Girls

  1. Fat deposition
  2. Pigmentation of areola
  3. Axillary hair
  4. Enlargement of breasts

A. 8-10
B. 9-11
C. 11-13
D. 10-12
E. 12-14

A
  1. B
  2. D
  3. C
  4. E
129
Q

Average time of appearance in Filipino Girls

  1. Initial budding of breasts
  2. Pubic hair is darker
  3. Broader shoulder and broad pelvis
  4. Pubic hair is downy

A. 8-10
B. 9-11
C. 11-13
D. 10-12
E. 12-14

A
  1. B
  2. C
  3. A
  4. A

(3) MS: Pediatric Conditions (11 decks)

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