S2 T4 Flashcards
is the process of moving air into and out of the body through inspiration and expiration.
Ventilation
the respiratory system eliminates carbon dioxide from the bloodstream.
expiration
Upon what the blood absorbs oxygen from the air into the lungs
Inspiration
Air sacs in the lung that allow for gas exchange with the systemic circulation.
Alveoli.
An absence of spontaneous respiration.
Apnea
Abnormal or pathologic changes caused by an absence of oxygen.
Asphyxia.
The act of inhaling a foreign substance into the lungs, often after vomiting.
Aspiration.
Spontaneous movement of substance from an area of high concentration to low concentration that does not require energy input.
Diffusion.
The act of breathing out as the diaphragm relaxes.
Expiration.
A chemical released by mast cells that binds to histamine H1 receptors during an allergic reaction that can cause allergy symptoms (sneezing, runny nose, wheezing, watery eyes).
Histamine
The act of breathing in as the diaphragm contracts.
Inspiration.
Also known as breaths per minute, an important numeric value used for diagnosing respiratory conditions.
Respiratory rate
Nasal inflammation characterized by an increased flow of mucus, caused by allergies.
Allergic rhinitis.
An abnormal response of the immune system to a substance.
Allergy
A breathing disorder, often triggered by allergies or exercise, resulting in constriction of the bronchi. is often accompanied by tightness in the chest, coughing, wheezing, and difficulty in breathing. Asthmatic episodes can range from mild coughing and wheezing to life-threatening breathing problems.
Asthma.
Inflammation of the bronchi usually caused by an infection in which the patient has a productive cough and can have difficulty getting sufficient oxygen. Some patients who have bronchitis might have a bluish tint to their lips or skin.
Chronic bronchitis.
A condition characterized by emphysema and chronic bronchitis, usually caused by smoking, resulting in difficulty breathing and increased risk of infection.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
An inflammation of the upper airway characterized by a barking cough.
Croup
Genetic disorder affecting mostly non-Hispanic white populations. in which excessive amounts of thick mucus block the airways, resulting in wheezing, coughing, and increased susceptibility to bacterial infections.
Cystic fibrosis.
Shortness of breath
Dyspnea
A condition characterized by shortness of breath, usually caused by smoking. Some patients might have a pinkish tint to the face and might gasp for air.
Emphysema.
A condition characterized by rapid breathing resulting in decreased carbon dioxide levels and increased oxygen levels, producing faintness, tingling of the fingers and toes, and possiblvloss of consciousness
Hyperventilation
Also knowns as the flu; an acute, highly contagious viral respiratory infection, which is spread by coughing, sneezing, and sharing items, such as food utensils
Influenza
Inflammation of the larynx (voice box), resulting in temporary inability to speak normally.
Laryngitis.
Disorder in which nonfunctional cells, or tumors, are produced in the lungs. Lung cancer is usually caused by smoking.
Lung Cancer
Also known as whooping cough: a contagious bacterial infection, resulting in loud, deep coughing.
Pertussis
Inflammation of the pharynx, or throat.
Pharyngitis.
Disease of the lungs characterized by inflammation of the lungs and congestion; often caused by bacteria or viruses
Pneumonia.
An irritation and inflammation of the mucous membranes along the nasal passage.
Rhinitis.
An excessive flow of mucus from the nose (runny nose).
Rhinorrhea.
Infection and inflammation of the membranes lining the sinuses.
Sinusitis.
Infection and inflammation of the tonsils.
Tonsillitis.
A respiratory infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Tuberculosis.
Two of the most common respiratory diseases seen in the pharmacy are
Asthma and COPD
What should we encourage
No smoking
Smoking often causes
COPD and lung cancer
can be used as an aid for smoking cessation treatment.
Varenicline (Chantix)
are used because inflammatory agents often worsen asthma. For example, asthma may be induced by allergies and the release of allergens, such as histamine.
inhaled corticosteroids and oral corticosteroids
dilate the airways in the lungs to improve breathing.
Beta 2 agonists
inhibit airway constriction caused by acetylcholine to improve breathing.
Anticholinergics
are used to reduce bronchial smooth muscle contraction.
Leukotriene receptor antagonists
