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Public Pharma Cards > S2 T3 > Flashcards

S2 T3 Flashcards

1
Q

what is a subset of the Cardiovascular System that is made up of blood, blood vessels, and blood-forming tissues, such as bone marrow.

A

The hematological system,

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2
Q

Preventing clotting of the blood.

A

anti-coagulation

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3
Q

A naturally occurring protein stimulated by certain medications to counteract the effects of thrombin, resulting in anticoagulant.

A

Anti thrombin

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4
Q

Clotting of the blood.

A

coagulation

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5
Q

Also known as a red blood cell, which contains hemoglobin and can transport oxygen throughout the body.

A

Erythrocyte

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6
Q

The formation of red bloodcells

A

Erythropoiesis

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7
Q

A hormone secreted by the kidney that stimulates the production of red blood cells.

A

erythropoietin

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8
Q

Protein formed from the conversion of fibrinogen, which acts by forming a net to stabilize the platelet plug, thus forming a thrombus or clot.

A

Fibrin

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9
Q

Substance converted to fibrin by the direct stimulation of thrombin.

A

Fibrinogen

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10
Q

White blood cells that have granules in their cytoplasm.

A

Granulocytes

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11
Q

A protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen to tissues and carbon dioxide to the lungs to expel.

A

Hemoglobin

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12
Q

White Blood Cell.

A

Leukocyte

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13
Q

A type of immune cell that travels to the site of infection.

A

Neutrophils

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14
Q

The clear yellowish fluid portion of the blood.

A

plasma

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15
Q

Enzyme responsible for breaking down fibrin, resulting in coagulation.

A

Plasmin

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16
Q

Substance converted to plasmin by the direct stimulation of the thrombolytic medication class.

A

Plasminogen

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17
Q

Small fragments of blood cells responsible for forming a what plug during blood coagulation.

A

platelets

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18
Q

First step in the formation of a platelet plug in which a platelet sticks to a damaged area on an artery.

A

Platelet adhesion

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19
Q

Second step in the formation of a platelet plug in which a platelet changes its shape to better form the platelet plug while exposing llb/llla receptors.

A

Platelet Activation

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20
Q

Third step in the formation of a platelet plug in which platelets stick to each other by binding to llb/llla receptors, thus forming a stable platelet plug.

A

platelet aggregation

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21
Q

Substance converted to thrombin by the stimulation of the cofactor complex of factors Va and Xa.

A

prothrombin

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22
Q

Also known as factor lla, a major protein responsible for blood coagulation that works in the clotting cascade and also stimulates platelet activation.

A

Thrombin

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23
Q

Also known as a platelet, which is a small fragment of a platelet plug during blood coagulation.

A

Thrombocyte

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24
Q

A blood clot

A

A thrombus

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25
Q

(vWf): Substance exposed on a damaged artery surface that allows platelets to stick to and begin the formation of a platelet plug.

A

von Willebrand factor

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26
Q

is a serious neurological condition caused by a deficiency of oxygen supplied to the brain that can result in weakness, loss of control over muscles, difficulty speaking, and possibly death. The decrease in oxygen can be caused by either a blockage of a blood vessel in the brain or hemorrhage brain.

A

cerebrovascular attack

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27
Q

Condition marked by a deficiency of red blood cells or of hemoglobin in the blood.

A

anemia

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28
Q

condition characterized by abnormal clotting, usually in leg arteries, in which the leg might appear red, swollen, and painful. A DVT can break apart and lead to other complications, such as a pulmonary embolism

A

Deep vein thrombosis

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29
Q

an object, such as a blood clot, that dislodges and travels through the blood stream until it blocks a smaller blood vessel, thereby cutting of blood flow. Blood clots in veins often travel to the lungs, where they can block blood flow from the heart to the lungs, preventing or reducing blood oxygenation

A

Embolism

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30
Q

A condition that results in a reduced number of granulocytes, which include neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils.

A

Granulocytopenia

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31
Q

A hereditary coagulation disorder that results in a decreased ability of the blood to clot normally.

A

hemophilia

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32
Q

A reduction in the oxygen supply to the body tissues

A

Hypoxia

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33
Q

The most common form of anemia, which can be caused by excessive blood loss, low dietary iron intake, or malabsorption of iron in the Gl tract.

A

Iron deficiency anemia

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34
Q

A type of cancer characterized by the
production of cancerous hematopoietic stem cells that replace normal white blood cells.

A

Leukemia

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35
Q

An abnormally low number of leukocytes present in the blood

A

Leukopenia

36
Q

An abnormally low number of neutrophils.

A

Neutropenia

37
Q

A condition caused by excessive red blood cell production

A

polycythemia

38
Q

Condition characterized by the dislodging of a portion of a blood clot, also called an embolism, which travels to the Iungs and blocks blood flow, causing difficulty breathing.

A

pulmonary embolism

39
Q

Temporary blockage of blood flow to the brain, also known mini-stroke, which might signal an oncoming stroke.

A

Transient ischemic attack

40
Q

A general term that encompass deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolisms.

A

Venous thromboembolisms

41
Q

The most common inherited coagulation disorder that occurs as a result of decreased activity of von Willebrand factor

A

von Willebrand disease

42
Q

The normal platelet plug formation process include

A

Platelet adhesion, Platelet activation, and platelet aggregation

43
Q

Occurs when there is damage to an artery as a result of a cut or scrape

A

platelet adhesion

44
Q

Platelets adhere to what in the first step of forming the platelet plug during adhesion

A

von Willebrand factor

45
Q

Platelets become activated by changing their what to form the plug more efficiently.

A

shape

46
Q

The medication that inhibits ADP

A

Clopidogrel (Plavix)

47
Q

Medications that stimulates platelet activation

A

Adenosine diphosphate (ADP), Thromboxane A2 (TXA2), and Thrombin

48
Q

The medication that reduces cyclooxygenase and reduces prostaglandin and TxAZ synthesis

A

Aspirin

49
Q

bind to the llb/llla receptors, preventing other platelets from binding aggregation

A

abciximab (Reopro), Tirofiban (Aggrastat) ,and eptifibatide (Integrilin)

50
Q

what indirectly inhibit factor Xa via antithrombin, a natural anticoagulant in the body

A

pentasaccherides

51
Q

what inhibit factor Xa and are known as direct acting oral anticoagulants.

A

Rivaroxaban (Xarelto) and Apixaban (Eliquis)

52
Q

What are three ways that Thrombin exerts its actions

A

Stimulation by positive feedback
Stimulation of platelet activation
Conversion fibrinogen to fibrin

53
Q

Low molecular weight heparin indirectly inhibit thrombin, as well as factor Xa by also binding to antithrombin.

A

enoxaparin (Lovinox) and unfractionated heparin

54
Q

a direct inhibitor of thrombin.

A

Dabigatran (Pradaxa)

55
Q

inhibits thrombin and factor Xa as well, but it also acts on several additional clotting factors, it also inhibits proteins C and S, which are natural anticoagulants in the body.

A

Warfarin (Coumadin)

56
Q

holds the platelet plug in place like a net to form the clot, or thrombus.

A

Fibrin

57
Q

is a natural substance the body uses to keep blood from excessive clotting, and medications can increase this substance.

A

Plasmin

58
Q

Thrombolytics like what Converts plasminogen to plasmin to break down clots.

A

Alteplace (Activase), Reteplase (Retavase), and Tenecteplase (TNKase)

59
Q

What is the most common dosage forms and can be scored

A

Tablets

60
Q

prevents irritation of the stomach lining because the coating doesn’t dissolve in the low pH environment of the stomach, but rather in the small intestines.

A

Enteric coated tablets

61
Q

a common example of medication prescribed in the enteric-coated dosage form.

A

aspirin

62
Q

The active ingredient of a what travels to the bloodstream after it is absorbed in the mouth.

A

troche

63
Q

are used to treat fungal infections.

A

clotrimazole

64
Q

are used to make medications easier to swallow, mask bad taste, and allow for the rapid release of it’s contents. The medication in a capsule may be immediate onset, or may be in the form of time-released beads for optimal flexibility in dosing frequency, from once daily dosing, to dosing multiple times per day. The coating allows once or twice a day dosing.

A

capsule

65
Q

is an example of a capsule containing time-released medication that can be taken once daily to reduce stomach acid production, which helps to prevent heartburn.

A

Omeprazole

66
Q

liquid preparations of medications will be dispensed. Tablets can be crushed and mixed with small amounts of fluid or soft food such as applesauce and administered through

A

enteral or small-bore feeding tube

67
Q

medication list is available on the website of the ISMP

A

Do Not crush list

68
Q

example of vaginal medication

A

Misoprodal (Cryotec)

69
Q

what medications can be absorbed faster by under the tongng

A

Sublingual

70
Q

what medications can be absorbed faster by between the cheeks and gums

A

Buccal

71
Q

Buccal medication used to relive pain and treat opioid dependence

A

Fentora

72
Q

Example of of SL medication

A

Nitroglycerine (Nitrostat)

73
Q

medication administrated just under the skin via syringe

A

subqutainious

74
Q

Example of SQ medication

A

insulin

75
Q

medication administered to a mussel

A

Intramuscular

76
Q

Examples of IM Injection
Antibiotics
Contraceptive hormones
Vaccines
Epipen
Antipsychotics

A

Cefazolin Antibiotics
Depo-Provera Contraceptive
Hepatitis A vaccine
Adrenaline (epinephrine) inj
Antipsychotic Ariprazole louroxil (Abilify)

77
Q

liquid med mix with booze base

A

elixir

78
Q

combination drug used to treat pain

A

APAP/Hydrocodone

79
Q

are a liquid medication that has added sugar to help mask the taste of medication and caution should be used when treating patients with diabetes.

A

syrup

80
Q

are powders that are mixed with a liquid immediately prior to dispensing.

A

Suspension

81
Q

are liquids that contain uniformly dispersed medication, ensuring the same concentration of medication throughout.

A

solution

82
Q

Prior to dispensing any medication, what should you do. Then choose the appropriately sized measuring tool; oral syringe, amber bottle, or graduated cylinder. Use a measuring tool that is the smallest size needed to dispense the dosage amount.

A

calculate the dose

83
Q

contain calibration markings that can differ.

A

oral syringes

84
Q

are sized according to the number of ounces they contain and are marked with Roman Numerals.

A

Amber vials

85
Q

used to measure larger amounts of liquid medication for compounding. To read the amount of liquid contained, look at the liquid at eye level and read from the bottom of the meniscus.

A

Graduated Cylinders

86
Q

What is usually dispensed in 30/90 dose

A

Maintenance Meds

87
Q

What are usually in 7-10 day doses

A

Antibiotics

Public Pharma Cards (36 decks)

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