S2 T2 Flashcards
A dilation of an artery due to a weakening of the wall of the artery.
Aneurism
Chest Pain, treated with nitrates, which relax the muscles of the coronary vessels and increase dilation. Examples of medications are isosorbide mononitrate, isosorbide dinitrate and nitroglycerin (nitrostat).
Angina
What are the classes of angina
(1) Stable
(2) Varient
(3) Unstable
A condition in which artery walls become thick and stiff, usually due to increasing age. May be caused by hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or hyperlipidemia.
arteriosclerosis
A type of arteriosclerosis of which the hardening of the arteries is caused by the presence of fat deposits, or plaques.
Atherosclerosis
A-fib; An irregular and rapid heartbeat that can cause stroke or heart failure
Atrial fibrillation
A condition in which the atria of the heart beats too quickly.
Atrial flutter
A decreased heart rate in which the resting heart rate is less than 60 BPM.
brady cardia
Also known as a stroke. A serious neurological condition caused by a decrease of oxygen supplied to the brain that can result in weakness, loss of control over muscles difficulty speaking, or death. The decrease in oxygen can be caused by either a blockage of a blood vessel in the brain or hemorrhage from a damaged blood vessel in the brain.
cerebrovascular accident
Condition in which the heart fails to pump blood efficiently, resulting in severe complications
Congestive heart failure
A condition that occurs when the arteries of the heart do not receive a proper quantity of oxygen.
Coronary artery disease
Irregular heartbeat often caused by hypertension, ischemic heart disease, or certain medications.
dysrhythmia
Also known as hypervolemia, in which an excessive amount of fluid accumulates in the body, often around the ankles.
edema
Inflammation of the heart muscle, usually caused by bacteria or fungus. Complications may occur when clumps of bacteria known as vegetation form at the site of the infection.
endocarditis
A type of hypertension in which the cause is unknown.
Essential hypertension
Bleeding due to trauma or a wound.
hemorrhage
Also known as hypercholesterolemia, a condition characterized by an increase in cholesterol in the bloodstream.
hyperlipidemia
Chronic blood pressure characterized by an increase in blood pressure during heart contraction (systolic blood pressure) or relaxation (diastolic blood pressure)
Hypertension
Low Blood Pressure that is characterized by blood pressure values less than or equal to 90/60.
hypotension
Also known as a heart attack; damage to the heart muscle resulting from blocked coronary arteries, which prevents sufficient oxygen from being supplied to the heart
Myocardial INFARCTION
A decrease in blood pressure as a result of standing up, which may cause dizziness, blurred vision, and/or fainting.
Orthostatic hypertension
A condition characterized by a decreased blood supply to arms or legs. Patients who smoke and have diabetes mellitus have the greatest risk for developing this
Peripheral artery disease
Hypertension that is caused by some other medical condition.
Seconday hypertension
A rapid heart rate defined by a resting heart rate greater than 100BPM.
tachycardia
what distributes oxygen throughout the body and helps remove carbon dioxide and waste products.
the cardiovascular system
what is the pump that propels blood through the Cardiovascular System.
the heart
what is the heart divided into
four chambers
2 atria and
2 ventricles
what is determined by the contraction and relaxation of the ventricles.
blood pressure
when the ventricles contract. During this phase, blood is pushed from the heart out into the blood vessels and to the body.
systolic phase
When the ventricles relax, During this phase, blood is filling into the ventricles
Diastolic phase
how is BP read
Systolic/diastolic
is measured in beats per minute, BPM.
heart rate.
The surgical repair of a cogged blood vessel.
Angioplasty
Blood vessel that transports mainly oxygenated blood away from the heart to a body cells and tissues
Artery
Measurement (in mmHg) of the pressure exerted on the walls of blood vessels during systole and diastole.
Blood pressure
Very small blood vessels that connect the arterioles and venules and are responsible for exchanging oxygen from the red blood cells with carbon dioxide.
Capillaries
Root word meaning heart.
Cardi/o
The contraction and relaxation of the heart as it pumps blood through the Cardiovascular System
cardiac cycle
The amount of blood pumped by the heart throughout the Cardiovascular System in one minute
cardiac output
The study of the structures, functions, and disorders of the heart.
cardiology
A type of lipid (fat) that circulates in the blood and can form plaque that can block blood vessels.
cholesterol
The minimum blood pressure when the heart relaxes.
Diastolic presure
The minimum blood pressure when the heart relaxes.
Diastolic pressure
A graphic representation of heart contractions made by an electrocardiograph, which can be used to diagnose certain heart problems.
electrocardiogram
The part of the heart wall that allows it to collapse during contraction.
endocardium
The outer layer of the heart
Epicardium
Red Blood Cell, which transports oxygen to body tissues and organs.
erythrocyte
Root words meaning blood.
hem/o hemat/o
An iron-containing protein found in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to body organs and tissues and carries carbon dioxide from the body organs and tissues to the lungs for expiration.
hemoglobin
Also known as good cholesterol, which transports cholesterol back to the liver and does not contribute to plaque on artery walls.
High-density lipoprotein
Also known as bad cholesterol, which can accumulate as plaque and block blood vessels.
low-density lipoprotein
Heart Muscle.
Myocardial
The part of the heart that contracts resulting in a heartbeat.
Myocardium
A resistance of blood flow in the peripheral arteries.
peripheral resistance
An accumulation of cholesterol in a blood vessel, often resulting in a restricted blood flow and insufficient oxygen being transported to the tissues.
plaque
The maximum blood pressure that occurs when the heart contracts.
systolic pressure
Contraction of the blood vessel walls resulting in the narrowing of the lumen.
vasoconstriction
Relaxation of the blood vessel walls resulting in the widening of the lumen.
vasodilation
Blood vessels that carry blood from the tissues.
vein
