S1 Final Chapters 01-04 Flashcards
Field study
Study a population living in its habitat
Review existing work
study work already done by others
Develop models
make a representation of a structure that may be too small or too large to see otherwise
Controlled Experiment
study how a variable affects a living thing
Question
What you are studying in an experiment. ENDS WITH A QUESTION MARK!
Hypothesis
If…, then…, because
Variable
the ONE factor you are testing in an experiment
Constants
all the factors that remain the same between control and experimental groups in an experiment
Unicellular
made of one cell
multicelluar
made of many cells
Eukaryotic
has a nucleus
Prokaryotic
doesn’t have a nucleus
Cell Membrane
outer layer of the cell, controls what goes in and out
Mitochondria
makes energy for the cell
Nucleus
control center
cytoplasm
“cell gel” organelles float in it
How plant and animal cells are different
Plant cells have chloroplasts, central vacuoles and cell walls
Central Vacuole
stores water for the plant cell
Chloroplast
organelle in plant cells that makes food
Cell Wall
tough outer covering only found in plant cells
Photosynthesis - starting materials
water, carbon dioxide, sun’s energy
Photosynthesis - end products
glucose and oxygen
Photosynthesis - location (cell part)
chloroplast
Cellular Respiration - starting materials
glucose and oxygen
Cellular Respiration - end products
water, carbon dioxide and ATP energy
Cellular Respiration - location (cell part)
mitochondria
Three reasons cells divide
growth, development, repair
Interphase definition
longest stage of cell cycle, cell carries out normal functions
Mitosis definition
nucleus divides
Cytokinesis definition
cytoplasm divides
Interphase-what happens
DNA is replicated, cell grows
Mitosis - Prophase-what happens
nuclear membrane dissolves
chromosomes condense
Mitosis - Metaphse-what happens
chromosomes line up in the middle of cell
Mitosis - Anaphase-what happens
chromosomes separate apart
Mitosis - Telophase-what happens
two nuclei form
Cytokinesis-what happens in animal cells
cytoplasm pinches in and splits
Cytokinesis-what happens in plant cells
cell plate forms
Cell Cycle-order of events
Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis
Cell plate
forms in plant cells during cytokinesis, will become the new cell wall separating the two new cells
Asexual reproduction
One parent produces offspring
Happens more quickly
DNA identical to parent
Sexual reproduction
Two parents produce offspring
Takes longer
offspring have combination of DNA from both parents
Meiosis
makes egg and sperm cells which have half the number of chromosomes
Why is it important that sperm and egg cells are produced using meiosis
So they have half the number of chromosomes, and the fertilized egg has the correct number of chromosomes