Chapter 06-Evolution

Question 1

fossil

Answer 1

preserved remains of organisms from the distant past

Question 2

relative dating

Answer 2

determining which fossil is older or younger by its position in the earth’s layers

Question 3

absolute (radiometric) dating

Answer 3

tells age of fossil by measuring radioactivity

Question 4

extinction

Answer 4

all members of a species die out

Question 5

Permian Extinction

Answer 5

caused by land masses joining together

95% of ocean species went extinct, also many land species

Question 6

Cretaceous Extinction

Answer 6

caused by asteroid

dinosaurs went extinct

Question 7

oldest to youngest fossils

Answer 7

unicellular organisms in water  (oldest)
multicellular in water
fish
reptiles
mammals
humans                                (youngest)

Question 8

Charles Darwin

Answer 8

spent 5 years sailing and studying the world on the “Beagle”
visited the Galapagos
explained evolution through natural selection

Question 9

evolution

Answer 9

the idea that species change over time

Question 10

variation

Answer 10

genetic differences between members of the same species

show genetic diversity

Question 11

adaptation

Answer 11

genetic differences that help an organism survive in its environment

Question 12

natural selection

Answer 12

process by which organisms with better variations survive and reproduce, allowing the species to change over time

Question 13

vestigial organs

Answer 13

body parts that have lost their use

Question 14

homologous structures

Answer 14

similar structures in different species

Question 15

embryonic development

Answer 15

shows similarities in developing organisms

Question 16

DNA analysis

Answer 16

shows how alike DNA is among species

Question 17

cladogram

Answer 17

diagram that shows relationships between organisms