Chapter 05-Genetics Flashcards
Who discovered the structure of DNA?
Watson and Crick
3 parts of a nucleotide
sugar, phosphate and base
Pairing of bases in DNA
A-T G-C
DNA replicates during this stage in the cell cycle
Interphase
Steps of DNA replication
Unzip, fill in missing nucleotides, exact copy is made
DNA is a code for making
proteins
Each section of DNA that codes for a protein
gene
Mutation
any change in DNA
Examples of mutations
blond hair, cancer, hemophilia
Gregor Mendel
first studies of genetics
identified dominant and recessive “factors”
realized that each parent passes on a “factor” to
offspring
Chromosome
made of DNA wrapped in coils
Gene
section of DNA that codes for a certain protein
Allele
Different form of the same gene
Inherited Trait
get from parents on DNA
Acquired Trait
trait you get during your lifetime
Dominant Allele
strong allele, capital letter, overpowers recessive
Recessive Allele
weak allele, lower case letter, can be covered up, only shows if both copies are recessive
Genotype
alleles that are present Tt
Phenotype
physical appearance tall plant
Homozygous
have two of the same alleles TT or tt
Heterozygous
have two different alleles Tt
Punnett Square
used to show how parents’ alleles can combine in offspring
Incomplete Dominance
“blending” R=red W=white RW=pink
Traits influenced by environment-examples
Color hair, tan skin from sun
