Chapter 05-Genetics

Question 1

Who discovered the structure of DNA?

Answer 1

Watson and Crick

Question 2

3 parts of a nucleotide

Answer 2

sugar, phosphate and base

Question 3

Pairing of bases in DNA

Answer 3

A-T G-C

Question 4

DNA replicates during this stage in the cell cycle

Answer 4

Interphase

Question 5

Steps of DNA replication

Answer 5

Unzip, fill in missing nucleotides, exact copy is made

Question 6

DNA is a code for making

Answer 6

proteins

Question 7

Each section of DNA that codes for a protein

Answer 7

gene

Question 8

Mutation

Answer 8

any change in DNA

Question 9

Examples of mutations

Answer 9

blond hair, cancer, hemophilia

Question 10

Gregor Mendel

Answer 10

first studies of genetics
identified dominant and recessive “factors”
realized that each parent passes on a “factor” to
offspring

Question 11

Chromosome

Answer 11

made of DNA wrapped in coils

Question 12

Gene

Answer 12

section of DNA that codes for a certain protein

Question 13

Allele

Answer 13

Different form of the same gene

Question 14

Inherited Trait

Answer 14

get from parents on DNA

Question 15

Acquired Trait

Answer 15

trait you get during your lifetime

Question 16

Dominant Allele

Answer 16

strong allele, capital letter, overpowers recessive

Question 17

Recessive Allele

Answer 17

weak allele, lower case letter, can be covered up, only shows if both copies are recessive

Question 18

Genotype

Answer 18

alleles that are present Tt

Question 19

Phenotype

Answer 19

physical appearance tall plant

Question 20

Homozygous

Answer 20

have two of the same alleles TT or tt

Question 21

Heterozygous

Answer 21

have two different alleles Tt

Question 22

Punnett Square

Answer 22

used to show how parents’ alleles can combine in offspring

Question 23

Incomplete Dominance

Answer 23

“blending” R=red W=white RW=pink

Question 24

Traits influenced by environment-examples

Answer 24

Color hair, tan skin from sun

Question 25

Selective Breeding

Answer 25

choosing parents to produce certain traits in offspring