Russia and Georgia (Seperatism)

Question 1

What is sepeartism?

Answer 1

A move by a minority group or a region in a country towards greater independence or separation from the country that governs them.

Question 2

Who is involved?

Answer 2

Russian government
Georgian government
S. Ossetia
The EU
UN and NATO

Question 3

Four causes of conflict are…

Answer 3

1. Increased tension between the states as Pres. Saakashvili is elected, aim to re-unite the states of Georgia and S. Ossetia.
2. Georgia files a case to International Court of Justice against Russia.
3. Russia opposed plans for Georgia to join NATO.
4. BTC Pipeline runs through Georgia and S. Ossetia. Important asset to Russia.

Question 4

Ways that it was expressed were…?

Answer 4

1. Insurgence by Georgian military into the capital of S. Ossetia, Tskhinvali.
2. S. Ossetian rebels fight back at Georgia to break away in 1991-92 war.
3. Russia deploys peacekeepers in 94, seen as military action by South Ossetian.
4. 5 Day War in August 2008 - heavy fighting between Georgia and S. Ossetia. Russia sends 3,500 tanks to support S. Ossetian forces.
5. Georgian artillery attack 7th August 2008.
6. Russian aircraft shutdown in Georgian territory.

Question 5

What were the social impacts?

Answer 5

1. Destroyed towns and villages cause 30,000 refugees to spill into North Ossetia.
2. 10,000 flee Tskhinvali
3. 1,400 deaths reported in S. Ossetia only within 24 hours of 5 Day War.
4. 22,000 living in Georgian refugee camps.
5. 64 military personnel killed, 280 wounded.

Question 6

Give 3 economic impacts

Answer 6

1. Made investor nervous about the security and future viability of projects in S. Ossetia.
2. NATO gave £1.5 million to S. Ossetia, selling themselves.
3. President Bush offered $1 billion in assistance.

Question 7

Environmental impacts include…

Answer 7

1. Deforestation and soil erosion means that there is loss of fertility and agriculture cannot be grown.
2. No control of the forestry in Eastern and Western edges of South Ossetia.
3. Mismanagement of natural resources such as water.
4. NATO satellite images suggest 6% of land in Tskhinvali destroyed.

Question 8

What were the attempts to resolution?

Answer 8

1. Six point ceasefire plan agreed in 12 August 2008. After 5 day war.
2. UN Security Council met for agreements for resolution.
3. EU Russian Summit in 28 November 2008 in Nice, France.
4. President Nikolas Sarkosy and EU signed the Russia-Georgia ceasefire agreement in August 2008.
5. OCSE helped to promote peace by launching conflict resolution mission.