Afghanistan (International)

Question 1

Who is involved in the Afghanistan conflict?

Answer 1

1. US Government, Taliban and Al-Qaeda, Russia, Pakistan, British Royal Marines, ISAF, NATO.

Question 2

What were the causes/nature of conflict?

Answer 2

1. Taliban allowed A-Qaeda to occupy training camps in Afghanistan, as they planned attacks on embassies in
   U.S.A.
2. Taliban also refuse to hand over the Al-Qaeda leader to the U.S.A military.
3. 9/11 event in U.S due to dispute over American foreign policy, affecting Afghanistan.
4. U.S.A has legal basis for war as a result of 9/11 - use of necessary and appropriate force against those involved in 9/11 planned attacks.

Question 3

Give examples of violent expressions…

Answer 3

1. Suicide bombings in Kandahar 2008 - 100 killed.
2. “Quiet surge” President Bush sends 4,500 troops.
3. Heavy Artillery Bombardment - 52 planes Tora Bora.
4. “Operation Volcano” by UK Royal Marines to clear insurgents at Barikju in Northern Helmand.
5. Taliban liberate 1,000 prisoners - 400 Taliban.

Question 4

What were the social impacts?

Answer 4

1. 1,013 civilians killed from Jan - Jun 2009. 4,400 total.
2. Enhanced the widespread poverty in Afghanistan due to lack of development and security.
3. 130 schools burnt down, 300 bombed.
4. 6 million people have been displaced in total.
5. Led to Rapid Urbanisation in and around Kabul.

Question 5

The economic impacts were…

Answer 5

1. Families lost businesses and in financial stress.
2. Afghanistan dropped a place in UN Global Human Development index.
3. Heavily dependent on international aid $35 billion of aid between 2002 - 2009.
4. The war has costed over $686 billion.

Question 6

Environmental impacts were…

Answer 6

1. Affected remaining arable lands for farming.
2. Deforestation of 50% of woodlands and destroying biodiversity in area.
3. Wetland depleted by 99%

Question 7

What were the political impacts?

Answer 7

Positives included

1. Easy access to justice for Afghans.
2. Extremism destabilised the country.

Question 8

What were the attempts to resolve the conflict?

Answer 8

1. CLIP (Civil and liberal initiative for peace). Implement projects for awareness
2. UNSC established the ISAF ( international security assistant force)
   USAID helped to train teachers. This can be paladin