Running Movement Science Textbook

Question 1

What is the speed range for running

Answer 1

2.5 m/s to greater then 10m/s

Question 2

What are the two phases of running cycle

Answer 2

stance and swing

Question 3

Stance

Answer 3

when the reference foot is in contact with the ground

Question 4

swing

Answer 4

when the reference foot is in the air

Question 5

stance phase occupies how much of the running cycle

Answer 5

40%

Question 6

As running speed increased does stance or swing phase decrease

Answer 6

stance phase decreases

Question 7

Does running have a period of double limb support

Answer 7

NO

Question 8

There are two other periods in the running cycle describe them

Answer 8

two periods of float where neither limb is in contact with the ground

Question 9

Float must be present for the movement to be characterized as running

Answer 9

true

Question 10

What are the 5 events that are defined for the running stride cycle

Answer 10

initial contact
midstance
heel off
toe off
midswing

Question 11

Initial contact defined as what %

Answer 11

0%

Question 12

midstance occurs when bodies COM is over the support limb what %

Answer 12

20%

Question 13

heel off and toe off occur at what percentage of running

Answer 13

30 and 40%

Question 14

mid swing occurs at what percentage of running

Answer 14

70%

Question 15

The part of the foot that inititally contacts the ground is termed what and how many different manners

Answer 15

foot strike

1. rearfoot strike
2. midfoot strike
3. forefoot strike

Question 16

during running the pelvis demonstrates an average anterior tilt position of what?

Answer 16

15-20%

Question 17

stance hip rom is moving into

Answer 17

extension

Question 18

swing hip rom is moving into

Answer 18

flexion

Question 19

stance knee rom is

Answer 19

slightly moving toward extension

Question 20

swing knee ROM is moving into

Answer 20

increased flexion

Question 21

Stance ankle rom is in

Answer 21

dorsiflexion

Question 22

during swing ankle ROM

Answer 22

plantarflexed

Question 23

what is the active peak and what is the magnitude

Answer 23

2.5 times body weight
largest vertical ground force reaction associated with the end of loading response

Question 24

what is the impact peak and what is the magnitude

Answer 24

1.5 times body weight and is present before the active peak at 5% of the stride cycle

Question 25

The impact peak imparts an immediate _____to ____ compression force from the leg to the head

Answer 25

distal to proximal

Question 26

Impact force is characterized by its magnitude and rate of _____

Answer 26

development

Question 27

impact forces increase with 3 different conditions

Answer 27

1. running downhill 2. slower step rate 3. pronounced rearfoot stride

Question 28

Literature suggest that peak magnitude of impact force may not be associated with stress injuries but rather the magnitude of the _____ of loading represented by the slope of the vertical force

Answer 28

rate

Question 29

Impact peak occurs during ____% of stride cycle

Answer 29

5% its the initial peak vertical force

Question 30

Active peak occurs during ____% of the stride cycle

Answer 30

20% its the overall peak vertical force

Question 31

during the first half of stance phase the anterior to posterior force is directly posterior calling it a

Answer 31

braking impulse

Question 32

braking impulse creates a

Answer 32

deceleration of the COM

Question 33

The farther ahead the foot is relative to the COM the _____ the braking impulse

Answer 33

greater

Question 34

from mid-stance to toe off the anterior posterior GFR is directly anterior and serves to ____ the body into swing phase creating a _____ impulse

Answer 34

propels and a propulsive impulse

Question 35

what is the path of center pressure for those who demonstrate a rearfoot strike

Answer 35

posterior-lateral aspect on initial contact progressing to anterior medial during push off

Question 36

The area under power curves reflect what

Answer 36

the amount of mechanical work performed at the joint over a specified time period

Question 37

Negative work is

Answer 37

eccentric activity

Question 38

positive work is

Answer 38

concentric activity

Question 39

joint torque and power do not reflect the contribution and function of individual muscles but of all of the muscles crossing a joint

Answer 39

True

Question 40

older adults have decreased preferred running speed, decreased float time and vertical displacement compared to younger adults

Answer 40

true

Question 41

Older adults show a reduction in peak ankle plantar flexion torque and power generation

Answer 41

true

Question 42

Female demonstrate greater frontal and horizontal plane motion during running compared to males

Answer 42

true

Question 43

females display greater power absorption in the hip

Answer 43

true

Question 44

impact peak increases when running on declined surface and decreases when running on an inclined surface

Answer 44

true

Question 45

the ability to quickly modulate stiffness of LE enables runners to run similarly on a variety of surfaces

Answer 45

true