Ruminants Flashcards
where does the superficial greater omentum lie
down the left longitudinal groove to the right, under the deuodenum
where does the deep wall of the greater omentum lie
attached to the right side
what is the omental bursa
hollow space formed by the greater and lesser omentum
what is the epiploic foramen, where is it?
passage “communication” between the omental bursa and the peritoneal cavity
i between the caudate lobe of the liver and the right kidney and pancreas
where does the lesser omentum lie?
covers the omasum
describe the topography of the oesophagus
descends dorsal to the trachea, the lies left, regains median position and enters the thoratic inlet. Contanues beyond tracheal bifurication then penetrates the oesophageal hiatus
where is the primary area for choke
thoratic inlet
base of heart
diaphragmatic hiatus
rumen cardia
what lines the 4 chambered stomach
keritansied stratified squamous epithelium
what is the purpose of the keritanised epithelium
upper layer potects against tough plant material
deeper layer absorbs volatile fatty acids
what is the function of the tumen
fermentation VAT
what is the compartment for the rumen and reticulum called
ruminoreticular compartment
what is the function of the reticulum
is a pump to allow liquids to flow in and out of the rumen
where does the rumen and reticulum occupy
entire Left side
7th rib to the pelvis
where does the reticulum lie
medial to the 6th and 8th cranial wall at the level of the elbow
where is the omasum
lower crianial abdomen bewteen the reticulum and cranial rumen (left) and then liver (right)
where is the abomasum
lies on the abdominal, pyloric region on the midline
does the abomasum contact the liver?
only in sheep
what are grooves
thickened smooth muscle on the inside of the rumen
where are ruminal pillars
divide the dorsal and ventral ruminal sac
where are coronaru pillars
divide caudal blind sac
where are cranial pillars
divides dorsal and cranial sacs
what are the 3 rumen sacs
dorsal
caudo ventral (blind)
ventral
what is the purpose of forestomach papillae
increase SA
absorb VFA
what is the purpose of the gastric groove
allow milk in young to bypass the forestomach so it is not fermented and go straight to the abomasum
what connects the cardia to the abomasum
spiral mucal folds
where is the reticular groove
between the ruminoreticular compartments
what is the omentum’s unique ability
promote homeostasis and healing
where does the lesser omentum start
visceral surface of the liver
what is the supraomental recess
space containing all intestines surrounded by greater omentum
what is the function of the omasum?
water absorption
what is the interal structure of the omasum
longitudinal folds/ lamina hanging like pages on a book
what is the function of the small intestine
enzymatic digestion
what are the functions of the large intestines?
absorb water and volatile fatty acids
what are the parts of the colon in order
ascending: proximal loop
spiral loop
distal loop
transverse colon
descending colon
how is the stomach vascularised
splenic
left gastric
hepatic artery
branches of the celiac artery
what innervates the intestines?
cranial mesenteric artery
deuodenum = celiac
descending colon = caudal mesenteric
how is the GIT innervated
vagus nerve for rumination
splanchnic nerve for minor contraction and luminal diameters of arteriols
enteric
