Ruminants Flashcards

1
Q

where does the superficial greater omentum lie

A

down the left longitudinal groove to the right, under the deuodenum

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2
Q

where does the deep wall of the greater omentum lie

A

attached to the right side

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3
Q

what is the omental bursa

A

hollow space formed by the greater and lesser omentum

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4
Q

what is the epiploic foramen, where is it?

A

passage “communication” between the omental bursa and the peritoneal cavity
i between the caudate lobe of the liver and the right kidney and pancreas

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5
Q

where does the lesser omentum lie?

A

covers the omasum

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6
Q

describe the topography of the oesophagus

A

descends dorsal to the trachea, the lies left, regains median position and enters the thoratic inlet. Contanues beyond tracheal bifurication then penetrates the oesophageal hiatus

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7
Q

where is the primary area for choke

A

thoratic inlet
base of heart
diaphragmatic hiatus
rumen cardia

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8
Q

what lines the 4 chambered stomach

A

keritansied stratified squamous epithelium

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9
Q

what is the purpose of the keritanised epithelium

A

upper layer potects against tough plant material
deeper layer absorbs volatile fatty acids

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10
Q

what is the function of the tumen

A

fermentation VAT

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11
Q

what is the compartment for the rumen and reticulum called

A

ruminoreticular compartment

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12
Q

what is the function of the reticulum

A

is a pump to allow liquids to flow in and out of the rumen

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13
Q

where does the rumen and reticulum occupy

A

entire Left side
7th rib to the pelvis

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14
Q

where does the reticulum lie

A

medial to the 6th and 8th cranial wall at the level of the elbow

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15
Q

where is the omasum

A

lower crianial abdomen bewteen the reticulum and cranial rumen (left) and then liver (right)

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16
Q

where is the abomasum

A

lies on the abdominal, pyloric region on the midline

17
Q

does the abomasum contact the liver?

A

only in sheep

18
Q

what are grooves

A

thickened smooth muscle on the inside of the rumen

19
Q

where are ruminal pillars

A

divide the dorsal and ventral ruminal sac

20
Q

where are coronaru pillars

A

divide caudal blind sac

21
Q

where are cranial pillars

A

divides dorsal and cranial sacs

22
Q

what are the 3 rumen sacs

A

dorsal
caudo ventral (blind)
ventral

23
Q

what is the purpose of forestomach papillae

A

increase SA
absorb VFA

24
Q

what is the purpose of the gastric groove

A

allow milk in young to bypass the forestomach so it is not fermented and go straight to the abomasum

25
what connects the cardia to the abomasum
spiral mucal folds
26
where is the reticular groove
between the ruminoreticular compartments
27
what is the omentum's unique ability
promote homeostasis and healing
28
where does the lesser omentum start
visceral surface of the liver
29
what is the supraomental recess
space containing all intestines surrounded by greater omentum
30
what is the function of the omasum?
water absorption
31
what is the interal structure of the omasum
longitudinal folds/ lamina hanging like pages on a book
32
what is the function of the small intestine
enzymatic digestion
33
what are the functions of the large intestines?
absorb water and volatile fatty acids
34
what are the parts of the colon in order
ascending: proximal loop spiral loop distal loop transverse colon descending colon
35
how is the stomach vascularised
splenic left gastric hepatic artery branches of the celiac artery
36
what innervates the intestines?
cranial mesenteric artery deuodenum = celiac descending colon = caudal mesenteric
37
how is the GIT innervated
vagus nerve for rumination splanchnic nerve for minor contraction and luminal diameters of arteriols enteric