liver Flashcards
what are the functions of the liver?
detoxification
excretion
bile secretion
lipid storage
protein synthesis
immune
metabolism
conjugation of hormones
where is it found in the body
caudal to the diaphragm
lays convex to it, therefore concave with visceral organs
where is the gall bladder found
in between the right medial lobe and the quadrate lobe
what can be found on the visceral surface?
porta
ie: bile ducts, portal vein, hepatic vessels
what are the lobes of the liver
left + lateral + medial
right + lateral + medial
caudate
quadrate
which animals dont have the right lateral or medial lobe
rabbits
horses
ruminants
which animals dont have the left lateral or medial lobe
ruminants
which animals dont have papillary processes
pigs and horses
where is the dog liver found
between the 7th and 9th rib
left of stomach
right of the pancreas, r kidney, dueodenum
ventral to greater omentum
where would you puncture a dog for a liver biopsy?
xiphoid process
where is the horse liver found
on ribcage to 15th intercostal space
where would you puncture for a horse liver biopsy
12 ICS
or 8 ICS (level to deltoid tuberosity)
where is the cow rib found
lies as far as the last rib
where would you puncture for a cow liver biopsy
10th ICS
what is the purpose of the visceral peritoneum
carries blood vessels, nerves and lymphatics
covers the liver
what is the falciform ligament
divides the liver lobes
is between the liver and diaphragm
what is the round ligament?
a fibrous strand at the free edge of the falciform ligament
what is the hepatoduodenal ligament
connect liver with small intestines
what is the hepatogastric ligament
connects liver with stomach
what are the right and left triangular ligaments
extend from the visceral side to either side of the diaphragm
what is the coronary ligament
from the caudal venal cava to central diaphragmatic tendon
what is the function of the hepatic artery
supply liver with 02
what is the function of the hepatic portal vein
carrier nutrient rich blood from the unpaired organs to the liver
what is the function of the portal vein
recieves the blood from the unpaired
goes to the hepatic vein canal to hepatic lobules
to the caudal vena cava which carry the blood back to the heart
how is the liver innervated?
parasympathetic and sympathetic
celiac plus
vagal trunk
what is a hepatic lobule
an arteriole, venuole, bile duct (together a portal triad)
one in each corner of a hexagon, in the centre is a central vein
blood capillary beds between the portal triads and vein
what lines the blood capillary beds in the hepatic lobules
liver sinusoids
what is drainage circulation
blood flows form the central vein in the hepatic lobules
then to hepatic veins
the caudal vena cava
where is bile produced?
in hepatocytes
where does bile travel to after production
bile canaliculi
interlobular ducts
hepatic ducts
bile ducts
what are bile salts?
component of bile that digest fat in the small intestine
what are bile salts produced from
cholesterol
conjugated bile acids that bind to sodium
phospholipids
what causes bile production
secretin (hormone) released after eating (due to acidic duodenum)
HCO3- secreted from pancrease
causes bile production
what is the smooth muslce between the bile duct and duodenum
sphincter or oddi
how is bile secreted into the duodenum
CCK causes the gall bladder to contract, the sphincter of oddi to open
why do some animals need a gallbladder
fat digestion is not constant, so bile doesn’t need to be present constantly in the small intestines
what are trickle feeders
animals that constanlty eat
no gallbladder neededd
