Equine Flashcards
where does the lumen of the oesophagus narrow?
the thoracic inlet
an area for impaction
what innervates the oesophagus?
Vagus
Glosso-pharyngeal
Sympathetic parts
what muscle lines the oesophagus?
distal 3rd is smooth muscle
rest is striated skeletal
is the oesophagus keratinised?
yes
what is the capacity of the stomach?
5-15L
where is the cardia region of the stomach in the abdominal cavity?
opposite the 11th rib
what is the margo plicatus?
seperates the the glandular and non glandular region of the stomach
why can horses not vomit
due to the well developed cardiac sphincter at an acute angle
what is the saccus caecus?
oesophageal stomach inlet (joining)
what area of the stomach is glandular?
Fundic
what cells line the fundic region?
simple columnar epithelium
(surface mucous cells)
what are the 4 types of cells in the stomach wall?
and where are they found
mucin producing
partietal
cheif
endocrine
they line the gastric pits
what tines the small intestines?
mesentry
how may the small intestines become twisted or trapped?
the mesentery is very long
where does the illeum enter caecum
the medial side
what are the regions of the small intestines (in order)
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
where does the ileum terminate
at the illeal papillae
what is the caecocolic orifice?
where the caecum joins the colon
what are bands
Taenia
longitudinal smooth muscle that segment the colon
what are sacculations
Haustra
pouches in the caecum and ventral colon
what is the order of the ascending colon
RVC
sternal flexture
LVC
pelvic flexure
LDC
Diaphragmatic flexure
RDC
what is the order of the colons?
ascending
transverse
descending
where does the caecum fit?
the entire right flank (from the last intercostal space to the coxal tuberosity. the base is at the paralumbar)
where is the RVC located
the ventral body wall
where is the RDC located
within the thoracic cage
where are the majority of the small intestines located
left dorsal side
**where is the stomach located
left side
9th to 12th intercostal
how is the spleen connected to the kidney?
the neprosplenic ligament
where are there sites for obstruction?
pelvic flexure
transverse colon
descending colon
caecum
what is hindgut fermentation and where does it occur
microbial digestion in the small intestines, caecum and large intestines
what is the valve between the ileum and the caecum
illeocecal junction
what is the caecum volume
80L
why is hindgut fermentation required
need a high in fibre (carbohydrate) diet for energy
which bacteria digests starch
Saccharolytic bacteria
which bacteria digests fibre
fibrolytic bacteria
what is SCOD
simple colic obstruction/ distension
how is there variation between individuals in the bacterial families
different diets lead to different fermentation rates, lead to differebt acidities which are conditions for different bacteria communities
what type of stomach?
composite monogastric
