Ruminant Stomach Flashcards
Ruminant
Even-toed hooved animals
Four compartments in ruminant stomach
Rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum
Rumen
Occupies almost all of left abdominal cavity
Parietal surface= left side
Visceral surface= right side
Reticulum
Located primarily on left side
Most cranial
Omasum
Located on right cranial side caudal to reticulum
Abomasum
Located on right ventral floor of abdominal cavity
Grooves
External lines dividing the rumen into compartments
Pillars
Internal folds that divide the rumen into sacs
Ruminoreticular orifice
Hole through which the cranial sac of the rumen communicates with the reticulum
Rumenoreticular fold
Completely surrounds rumenoreticular orifice
Cardia
Fold around entrance of esophagus into reticulum
Ruminal papillae
Small conical projections in lumen; flat or absent around free edge where there is mostly air or fluid
Reticulo-omasal orifice
Hole through which the reticulum communicates with the omasum
Reticular groove
Extends from cardia to the reticulo-omasal orifice on right cranial wall of reticulum; contracts to form a tube for the bypass of the rumen
Omasal groove
Continuation of reticular groove into the omasum
Hardware disease
When foreign objects are ingested, and penetrate the cranial wall of the reticulum. This can cause inflammation of peritoneal and pleural linings
Reticular crests
Honeycomb-like cells formed by mucosal folds in the reticulum
Omasal laminae
Also called omasal leaves; formed by omasal mucosa, covered with papillae; increase surface area for absorption
Torus pyloricus
Thick, muscular section in abomasum
Celiac artery
Branches supply the compound stomach
Splenic artery
Gives rise to right ruminal artery, left ruminal artery, and reticular artery
Right ruminal artery
Supplies caudal half of rumen including the blind sacs
Left ruminal artery
Supplies cranial half of rumen and gives of the reticular artery branch
Reticular artery
Supplies reticulum; branch off left ruminal artery
Left gastric artery
Supplies greater curvature of the omasum and lesser curvatures of abomasum
Left gastroepiploic artery
Branch off left gastric; supplies other curvatures of omasum and abomasum
Hepatic artery
Gives off right gastric artery and right gastroepiploic artery
Right gastric artery
Supplies lesser curvature of distal half of abomasum
Right gastroepiploic artery
Supplies greater curvature of distal abomasum
Dorsal vagal trunk
Innervates the rumen, visceral surfaces of reticulum and omasum, and lesser curvature of abomasum
Ventral vagal trunk
Innervates parietal surface of stomach including reticulum, omasum, and right abomasum
What is vagal innervation responsible for?
Ruminoreticular contraction cycles Omasal contraction cycl Eructation Regurgitation Reflex closure of reticular groove Abomasal motility and secretion
Greater omentum
Forms a two-layer sling between descending duodenum on right side and caudal part of the rumen on the left side;
Has superficial and deep leaf
Attached to greater curvature of abomasum
Superficial leaf of greater omentum
Ventral sac of rumen is dorsal to the superficial leaf; usually lies against parietal peritoneum of ventral abdomen;
Attached to left longitudinal groove laterally and greater curvature of abomasum cranially
Deep leaf of greater omentum
Attached to right longitudinal groove of the rumen
Ventral sac of rumen lies within omental bursa
Supraomental recess
A space that is open caudally and occupied by the intestines
Lesser omentum
Attached to liver, right side of omasum, and lesser curvature of the abomasum
