Comparative Reproductive Anatomy

Question 1

What is scrotum derived from and what is the wall made up of

Answer 1

Derived from skin and therefore supplied by cutaneous nerves and arteries

Scrotal wall is made up of skin, tunica dartos, and external spermatic fascia

Question 2

Mesorchium

Answer 2

In embryo, attaches the testis to the abdominal wall

In adult, serous coat containing testicular artery, pampiniform plexus, testicular nerves, and lymphatics from abdominal cavity

Question 3

Gubernaculum

Answer 3

Attaches the testis to the mesonephric duct in embryo

Testis migrates along gubernaculum during descent

Proximal portion becomes the proper ligament of the testis and distal portion becomes the ligament of the tail of the epididymis

Question 4

Cavity of the vaginal tunic

Answer 4

Forms from evagination of abdominal wall containing peritoneum

Question 5

Three components within the confines of the cavity

Answer 5

Parietal layer of the vaginal tunic
Visceral layer of the vaginal tunic
Spermatic cord, testis, epididymis

Question 6

Mesoductus deferens

Answer 6

Contains ductus deferens and blood/ nerve supply from pelvic cavity

Question 7

Structures surround testis

Answer 7

Tunica vaginalis
Spermatic fascia
Cremaster muscle
Wall of the scrotum

Question 8

Vesicular gland

Answer 8

Paired, dorsolateral to bladder

Question 9

Prostate gland

Answer 9

Associated with pelvic urethra

Question 10

Bulbourethral gland

Answer 10

Lies on dorsal surface of pelvic urethra

Question 11

Penis components

Answer 11

Roots- 2 crura and 1 bulb
Body
Gland

Question 12

Corpora cavernosum

Answer 12

Erectile tissue in each crus of root that fuse together at the body

Question 13

Corpus spongiosum

Answer 13

Begins at bulb of the penis
Surround urethra in ventral half of the penis
Distally, expands to form erectile tissue of the glans

Question 14

Describe anatomy of stallion (testes descent, accessory glands, penis, blood supply)

Answer 14

Descent of testis occurs late in gestation
Prostate is firm and lobated
Vesicular glands (seminal vesicles)
Bulbourethral glands

Penis- musculocavernosus
Has preputial fold
Long dorsal process

Blood supply- external pudendal, internal pudendal, obturator

Question 15

Describe anatomy of the bull

Answer 15

Has teats on cranial surface of scrotum

Urethra has a diverticulum (urethral recess)

Penis- fibroelastic with sigmoid flexure caudal to scrotum; prominent urethral process

Question 16

Ovary

Answer 16

Covered with visceral peritoneum except at the border of mesovarium

Ovum ruptures through tunica albuguinea into ovarian bursa

Question 17

Proper ovarian ligament

Answer 17

Connects uterine horn to the ovary

Question 18

Uterine tubes

Answer 18

Open into ovarian bursa at infundibulum

Suspended by mesosalpinx

Question 19

Uterus

Answer 19

Cervix, two horns, body

Endometrium, myometrium, perimetrium

Question 20

Vagina

Answer 20

Mucous membrane makes rugae

Question 21

Vestibule

Answer 21

Portion of vagina surround by labia

Site of major vestibular gland

Has external urethral orifice on ventral floor

Question 22

Mare anatomy

Answer 22

Ovaries have ovulation fossa; uterine horns are short and body is long

Cervix has longitudinal folds and forms distinct vaginal recess (fornix)

Vestibular bulbs are large

Question 23

Cow anatomy

Answer 23

Uterus has uterine caruncle

Cervix has transverse folds

Intercornual ligaments connect caudal ends of each uterine horn

Suburethral diverticulum in vestibule makes catheterization difficult