Dr. Ignacio Final

Question 1

What type of tube is used in cattle, sheep, and goats?

Answer 1

orogastric because their nasal passages are too small for nasogastric

Question 2

When would you put a nasogastric tube in a horse

Answer 2

1. Large volumes of oral medication need to be given
2. Oral fluid therapy or enteral feeding for long periods of time
3. To reflux animals with fluids in the stomach since horses can’t vomit

Question 3

Where is a nasogastric tube passed

Answer 3

Ventral nasal meatus

Question 4

Supraorbital nerve

Answer 4

Branch off ophthalmic division of trigeminal

Emerges from supraorbital foramen

Provides sensation to upper eyelid

Block for ophthalmic exam

Question 5

Palpebral branch of auriculopalpebral

Answer 5

Branch of facial nerve

Motor to orbicularis oculi

Blockage prevents closing of eyelids and ptosis

Block for ophthalmic exam

Question 6

Infraorbital nerve

Answer 6

Branch of maxillary division of trigeminal

Provides sensation to rostral upper half of face

Block to repair lacerations in upper lip

Question 7

Maxillary nerve

Answer 7

Sensation to upper dentition and rostral nasal cavity

Block during dental procedures in maxillary cheek teeth

Question 8

Mandibular alveolar nerve

Answer 8

Branch of mandibular

Sensation to lower jaw and dentition

Block during dental procedures in mandibular cheek teeth

Question 9

Mental nerve

Answer 9

Sensation to lower lip and chin

Block to desensitize lower lip and chin

Question 10

What nerves need to be blocked to block sensation and motor for ophtho exams

Answer 10

Supraorbital- sensation

Palpebral branch of auriculopalpebral- motor

Question 11

Tarsorrhaphy

Answer 11

Suturing eyelids together

Done after enuclueation or treatment of corneal ulcers

Supraorbital and zygomatic must be blocked

Question 12

Repelling teeth

Answer 12

Because the roots of the 3rd and 4th cheek teeth roots project into the rostral maxillary sinus and the roots of 5th and 6th cheek teeth project into caudal maxillary sinus, repelling these teeth can be done through trephination into the sinuses

Question 13

Cosmetic dehorning

Answer 13

Requires blockage of cornual nerve and ligating dorsal and ventral branches of cornual artery

Question 14

Potential complication of dehorning

Answer 14

Infection of frontal sinus

Question 15

Guttural pouch structures

Answer 15

Cranial nerves VII, IX, X, XI, XII

Sympathetic trunk

Internal and external carotid arteries

Question 16

Guttural pouch boundaries

Answer 16

Dorsal- skull and atlas
Ventral- pharynx and cranial esophagus
Lateral- pterygoiid muscle, parotid and mandibular glands
Medial- oppose each other

Question 17

Empyema

Answer 17

Purulent infection of guttural pouch
Swelling at caudal angle of mandible
Occurs when material cannot drain through eustachian tube opening and accumulates in the pouch

Question 18

Mycosis

Answer 18

Fungal infection of guttural pouch
Epistaxis from internal carotid and maxillary vein
Dysfunction of cranial nerves
Trauma to pharyngeal branches of vagus result in dysphagia

Question 19

Tympany

Answer 19

Accumulation of air in guttural pouch