Ruminant Anesthesia

Question 1

Discuss the problems associated with ruminant anesthesia

Answer 1

• Ruminal tympany
• Reguritation/aspiration
• Hypoventilatiuon
• Hypothermia
• Bradycardia-hypotension
• Dluid and electrolyte imbalnce

Question 2

Discuss the differences between the rumiant stomach and goat stomach

Answer 2

• Ruminats: 4 comparemnts –> abomasum, omasum, reticulem and rumen
• Goat –> rumen, abomasu, and omasum

somehow this relates to anesthjia idk notes are missing

Question 3

Discuss fasting in relation to rumeninant anesthesia

Answer 3

• Fasting and water depriviation may decrease tympany and reguritaion
• Aduult cattle 18-24 ours solids and water for 12-18 hours
• Calves, sheeps, goats and camelids 12-18 hour
• fastinbg of neonates is not advisable (hyopoglycemia may resulkt)

Question 4

Which vein are used for vascular access on ruminants and goats

Answer 4

Cow: auricular vein and artery
jugular vein
cocygeal artery or vein

Goats:
- auricular artery and vein
- jugular vein
- Cephalic vein
- spahenous vein

Question 5

Discuss cathterization of camelids

Answer 5

• Jugular catherterizaton recommended site between birfurcation and cranial to the venbtral process of the 5th cervical vertebraw

Question 6

Discuss sedation and chemical restraint for ruminants

Answer 6

Xyalzine:
- MUCH MORE POTENT in ruminants than horses
- Dose deoendent sedation
- Side effects –> bradycradia; secondary AV block, and most imoortantly, xyalzine has an oxytocin like effect on the uterus of pregant cattle and sheep

Question 7

Discuss sedation and chemical restraint for ruminants –> part 2 and 3

Answer 7

Benzodiazapenes (midazolam and diazepam):
Cause minimal cardiovascular and rspiratory depression
useful adjunct to etamine naesthesia to improve muscle relaxation

Opioids:–> butorphanol and morphine
- enahnces the sedative effectrs of alpha 2 agonists
-

Question 8

Discuss indiction in ruminants

Answer 8

• Ketamine: 1) can be used in domestic ruminants 2) usually combined with a benzodiazpene (midazolam or diazapam)
• Propofol –> if injected too rapidly, apnea may occur
• Tiletamine-zolazepam (Telazol) –> elimation of it i snot uniform, with variation on eahc drugs clearance between aspecies

Question 9

Discuss intubation concerns of camelids

Answer 9

• if anesthetic plane is insufificent (risk of reguritation)
• their mout barely opens (“does not oprn widely’)

REMEMBER –> THE main difference bwteen reguritation and vomitng is that reguritation is the passive return of food from the stomach or esophogus to the mouth while vomitng i sthe forceful expulsion of stomach contents to the mouth

Question 10

Discuss maintenance of inhalation anesthetic in ruminants

Answer 10

• either use isoflurane or sevoflurane
• USE auricular, radial, and saphenous arteries to check pulse on cows

Question 11

If an animal is improperly psotioned (specially a cow), then what can this reuslt in?

Answer 11

• Imptroper positioning and padding are associatd with myopathy-neuropathy

Question 12

Discuss the inverted L block for local anesthetics on rumiants

Answer 12

• AN inverted L block is used for either a flank laparotomy and/or C-section