Rubin's Stomach Flashcards
What do chief cells secrete?
pepsin, gastric lipase
What do parietal cells secrete?
HCl, intrinsic factor
What do G cells secrete? D cells?
G= gastrin
D= somatostatin
“congenital malformation of the anterior abd wall leading to exposure of abdominal contents”
Gastroschisis
“Persistent herniation of bowel into umbilical cord”
Omphalocele
“congenital hypertrophy of pyloric smooth muscle that is more common in males”
Pyloric stenosis
Symptoms of pyloric stenosis?
Projectile vomiting, visible peristalsis, olive like mass in the abdomen
“acidic damage to the stomach mucosa due to imbalance between mucosal defenses and acidic environment”
Acute gastritis
Who are curling ulcers seen in?
severely burned patients
Who are cushing ulcers seen in?
people with CNS trauma and increased ICP
What causes ulcers in patients that use NSAIDS?
decreased PGE2
“chronic inflammation of stomach mucosa”
chronic gastritis
Most common cause of chronic gastritis in the US?
H. pylori infection
H pylori increases cancer risk for which type of canver?
MALT lymphoma
What characterizes atrophic gastritis?
chronic inflammation, lymphoid follicles, gland degeneration, and intestinal metaplasia
Where in the stomach does chronic autoimmune gastritis affect?
body and fundus
Where in the stomach does H. pylori gastritis affect?
antrum
Villiform projections and increased smooth muscle are seen with which type of chronic gastritis?
reactive gastritis
“hyperplastic hypersecretory gastropathy with elongated glands lined by mucus secreting epithelial cells”
Menetrier disease
Adult and childhood causes of menetrier disease?
Child= CMV
Adult= TGF alpha overexpression
“focal destruction of gastric mucosa and small intestine caused by gastric secretions”
peptic ulcer disease
Risk factors for peptic ulcer disease?
HCl secretion and H. pylori infection, drugs, cigarette smoking, rapid gastric emptying
Duodenal ulcers are almost always due to…
H. pylori
Describe the pain with duodenal ulcers?
epigastric pain that IMPROVES with meals
Gastric ulcers are almost always due to….
NSAID and bile reflux
Describe the pain with gastric ulcers?
epigastric pain that worsens with meals
“benign tumors that arise from the pacemaker cells of cajal”
GIST (GI sromal tumors)
“epithelial polyps with long, branched cryots with foveolar epithelium and glands”
hyperplastic polyps
“epithelial polyps with tubular and villous structures lined by dysplastic epithelium”
tubular adenomas
“epithelial polys with dilated oxyntic glands lined by atrophic foveolar epithelium, parietal and chief cells and mucous cell metaplasia”
Fundic gland polyps
Most important risk factor for Malignant tumors in the stomach?
H. pylori
Malignant carcinomas of the stomach are mainly which type?
adenocarcinoma
Intestinal type or diffuse type stomach adenocarcinoma?
Signet ring cells that diffisuely infiltrate the gastric wall
Diffuse
Intestinal type or diffuse type stomach adenocarcinoma?
large, irregular ulcer with heaped up margins (usually on lesser curvature)
Intestinal
What is a Kruken berg tumor?
Stomach adenocarcinoma met to the ovary
What is a Virchow node?
enlarged supraclavicular node
“foreign bodies made of food and har altered by digestion”
Bezoars
Hairball?
Trichobezoar
