Rubin's Colon Flashcards

1
Q

“defective relaxation and peristalsis of rectum and distal sigmoid colon, segmental absence of ganglion cells”

A

Hirschsprung disease

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2
Q

What is hirschsprung disease associated with?

A

Down syndrome

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3
Q

Where is the myenteric plexus located?

A

between the inner circular and outer longitudinal layers of muscularis propria

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4
Q

Where is submucosal (meissner) located?

A

in the submucosa and regulates blood flow, secretion and absorption

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5
Q

Symptoms of hirschprung disease?

A

delayed meconium passage and vomiting i the neonate, constipation and abd distention

Treated by surgery

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6
Q

“arrested development of the causal region of the gut in the first 6 months of fetal life”

A

anorectal megacolon

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7
Q

Pseudomembranous colitis usully follows…

A

antibiotic treatment

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8
Q

“outpouching of mucosa and submucosa through the muscularis propria”

A

colonic divertisulosis

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9
Q

What part of the colon does diverticulosis usually affect?

A

Sigmoid colon

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10
Q

“inflammation at the base of the diverticulum that results from retained fecal matter”

A

diverticulitis

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11
Q

Possible complications of diverticulosis?

A

Rectal bleeding

Diverticulitis

Fistula

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12
Q

“full thickness inflammation of the intestinal wall with knife-like fissures”

A

Crohn disease

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13
Q

Which area is most affected by Crohn disease?

A

Terminal ileum

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14
Q

Gross appearance of Crohn disease?

A

cobblestone mucosa, creeping fat, strictures

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15
Q

What are the complications of crohn disease?

A

Malabsorption with nutritional deficiency, calcium oxalate stones, fistula formation, carcinoma

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16
Q

“chronic superficial inflammation of the colon and rectum, you see mucosal/ submucosal ulcers”

A

ulcerative colitis

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17
Q

Where in the GI tract does ulcerative colitiss begin?

A

begins in the rectum and progresses to the cecum

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18
Q

Of crohn disease and ulcerative colitis, which has LLQ pain and which has RUQ pain?

A

Crohn–> RUQ

Ulcerative colitis–> LLQ

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19
Q

Name 2 complications of ulcerative colitis?

A

psuedopolyps, toxic megacolon and carcinoma

20
Q

Symptoms of ulcerative colitis?

A

rectal bleeding, chronic diarrhea

21
Q

Name 3 extraintestinal manifestations of ulcerative colitis?

A

sclerosing cholangitis, pANCA +, joint problems

22
Q

“inflammatory disorder characterized by chronic watery diarrhea and thickened subepithelial collagen band”

A

collagenous colitis

23
Q

“infiltration of damaged colonic epithelium by lymphocytes but lacks collagen tube”

A

Lympocytic colitis

24
Q

“aquired malformations of mucosal and submucosal capillary beds”

A

angiodysplasia

25
Where does angiodysplasia usually arise?
cecum and right colon (due to high wall tension)
26
Most common site of ischemic colitis?
splenic flexure
27
What is the most common cause of ischemic colitis?
atherosclerosis of the SMA
28
"dilated venous channels of the hemorrhoidal plexus"
hemorrhoids
29
"raised protrusion of colonic mucosa"
colonic polyps
30
What are the 2 most common cause of colonic polyps?
Hyperplastic and adenomatous polyps
31
Which type of colonic polyps are premalignant?
adenomatous
32
Name the 3 types of adenomatous polyps? Which is more common?
Tubular (more common) Villous (higher risk of malignant trasnformaiton) Tubulovillous
33
3 mutations seen in adenoma- carcinoma transformation?
APC mutation and k-ras mutation (increased risk for polyp formation p53 mutation and increased expression of COX (progress to carcinoma)
34
"small, sessile mucosal protrusions with exaggerated crpt architecture"
hyperplastic polyps
35
"AD disorder characterized by 100's to 1000's of adenomtous colonic polyps"
Familial adematous polyposis (FAP)
36
What mutation is inherited in FAP?
APC mutation
37
What is gardener syndrome?
FAP + osteomas
38
What is turcot syndrome?
FAP + malignant tumors of the CNS
39
"sporadic, hamartomatous (benign) polys that arises in children (
Juvenile polyps
40
"multiple juvenile polyps in the stomach and colon"
juvenile polyosis
41
"hamartomatous (benign) polyps throughout the GI tract and mucocutaenous hyperpigementation on lips, oral mucos and genital skin"
Peutz- Jeghers syndromes
42
Peutz- Jeghers syndromes puts individuals at an increased risk for which types of cancers?
colorectal, breast, gynecologic
43
Adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum mainly arises from...
adenomatous polysps
44
"inherted mutation in DNA mismatch repair enxymes that increases risk for colorectal cancer, ovarian and endometrial cancers"
HNPCC
45
Colonic carcinoma is associated with an increased risk for which type of infection?
S. bovis endocarditis
46
Tumors of the anal canal are mainly....
epidermoid carcinomas
47
"due to chronic use of laxatives lipofushin like pigment"
Melaosis coli