Rubin's Esophagus Flashcards
“connection between the esophagus and trachea”
Tracheoesophageal fistula
What is the most common variant of Tracheoesophageal fistula?
Proximal esophageal atresia with the distal esophagus arising from the trachea
What are the symptoms of Tracheoesophageal fistula?
vomiting, polyhydramnios, abdominal distention, aspiration
What is VATER syndrome?
Vertebral defects + anal atresia + Tracheoesophageal fistula + renal dysplasia
“replicate the normal anatomy of the affected bowel. esophagus is the 2nd most common site”
Cysts and duplications
“thin protrusion of esophageal mucosa, lined by normal epithelium”
Esophageal web
“cervical esophageal web + mucosal lesions of the mouth/ pharynx (beefy red tongue) + Fe deficiency anemia”
Plummer- Vinson (Patterson- Kelly) Syndrome
“esophageal web at the gastroesophageal junction that are usually symptomatic”
Schatzki rings
What type of dysfunction does esophageal diverticula reflect?
motor dysfunction
What is the difference between a false diverticula and a true diverticula?
False= sac with no musclar layer
True= contains all layers of the esophagus
“outpouching of pharyngeal mucosa through an acquired defect in the muscular wall (false diverticulum)”
Zenker diverticulum
Symptoms of Zenker?
Dysphagia, obstruction and hallitosis
“pouches in the middle of the esophagus that attach to mediastinal lymph nodes and are associated with TB lymphadenitis”
Traction diverticula
“True diverticulim located right above the diaphragm”
Epiphrenic diverticula
How does epiphrenic diverticula usually present?
Young people, with nocturnal regurgitation of fluid
What is odynophagia?
pain when swallowing
“Disordered esophageal motility with inability to relax LES”
Achalasia
What is the pathologic cause of achalasia?
damaged ganglion cells in the myenteric plexus
Risk factors for achalasia?
Chagas disease, amyloidosis, sarcoidosis and infiltrative malignancies
Sign for achalasia on barium swallowing study?
“bird beak”
“herniation of the stomach through an enlarged diaphragmatic opening”
Hiatal hernia
“reflux of acid from the stomach due to LES tone”
GERD
What is the most common type of esophagitis?
GERD
What are the risk factors for GERD?
Alcohol, tobacco, obesity, fat rich diet, caffeine, hiatal hernia
