RTI

Question 1

URTI

Answer 1

Common cold (coryza)
Sore throat
Sinusitis
Epiglottitis

Question 2

LRTI

Answer 2

Acute bronchitis
Pneumonia
Influenza

Question 3

Common cold

Answer 3

Viral infection
Spread: droplets and fomites
Management: self limiting
Common viruses: adenovirus, rhinovirus

Question 4

Sinusitis

Answer 4

Usually preceded by a common cold

Management: self limiting, some need antibiotics

Question 5

Epiglottitis

Answer 5

Causative organisms: H. influenza
Inflammation of epiglottis obstructs the area at the level of the larynx
Common in children
Presentation: rapid onset, sore throat, drooling
Investigation: blood culture, not throat swab
Management: Ceftriaxone

Question 6

Bronchiolitis

Answer 6

Common in young children 
Mainly due to RSV 
Clinical presentation: Common cold, fever, increased resp rate, wheeze, cough 
Examination: hyperinflated chest 
Investigation: PCR
Management: self limiting

Question 7

Influenza (flu)

Answer 7

Clinical presentation: fever, malaise, myalgia, headache, cough
Transmission: droplets or direct contact
Investigations: PCR, throat swabs, bloods
Management: Bed, rest, fluids, paracetamol, antivirals (-mivir)
Prevention: Killed vaccine (health care workers and young children)
Live attenuated vaccine (older children)

Question 8

Acute bronchitis

Answer 8

Cold which turns into a chest infection
Clinical presentation: productive cough, fever, short lasting wheeze
Management: self limiting

Question 9

Bordatella pertussis

Answer 9

Whooping cough - inflammation of conducting airways
sudden coughing
Vomiting common
Stridor
Investigations: bacterial culture, PCR, serology
Management: Only indicated in the first period (<21 days)
- macrolides (clarithromycin, azithromycin, erythromycin if pregnant)

Question 10

Aspergillus

Answer 10

Fungal chest infection
environmental triggers
Pathogenesis: inhalation of fungal spores
Investigations: BAL
Management: amphotericin B, voriconazole, surgery