Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

C6 vertebral level

A

Larynx becomes trachea (anterior)

Pharynx becomes oesophagus (posterior)

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2
Q

Trachea palpation

A

At the Jugular notch of the manubrium

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3
Q

Tracheal Bifurcation

A
Trachea
*Bifurcation*
2 main bronchi
5 lobar bronchi
10 segmental bronchi
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4
Q

Lung lobes

A

Right lung: 3 (upper, middle lower)

Left lung: 2 (upper, lower)

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5
Q

Bronchial tree lining

A

Hyaline cartilage - gradually decreases distally

Smooth muscle - becomes progressively more prominent distally

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6
Q

Mucociliary Elevator

A

Cilia sweep mucous superiorly towards the pharynx to get swallowed

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7
Q

Nasal Septum (anterior and posterior parts)

A

Cartilaginous anterior = septal (hyaline) cartilage

Bony posterior = ethmoid (superior) + vomer (inferior)

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8
Q

Epiglottis

A

Attached to the entrance of the larynx
Open during breathing to allow air into larynx
Closed during swallowing to prevent aspiration, forcing bolus of food down the oesophagus instead

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9
Q

Larynx

A
Voice box containing several cartilages: 
epiglottis
thyroid cartilage
cricoid cartilage
arytenoid cartilage (2) (posterior)
surrounded by hyoid bone
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10
Q

Vocal Cords

A

Approximate in the midline

Close rima glottidis (narrowest part of larynx) to prevent entry of foreign bodies into the trachea

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11
Q

Pharynx (3)

A

Nasopharynx - posterior to nasal cavities
Oropharynx - posterior to oral cavity
Laryngopharynx - posterior to larynx

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12
Q

Parietal Pleura

A

Outer lining of the pleural cavity is in contact with the chest wall

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13
Q

Visceral Pleura

A

Inner lining of the pleural cavity is in contact with the lung

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14
Q

Pleural Cavity

A

Contains pleural fluid.
Small space between the parietal and visceral pleura.
Provides lubrication and surface tension

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15
Q

Rib (head, tubercle)

A

Head - articulates with the body of the thoracic vertebrae of the same number and the body of the thoracic vertebrae above it!
Tubercle - articulates with the transverse process of the thoracic vertebrae of the same number.

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16
Q

Intercostal Muscles

A

External
Internal
Innermost
Found in the intercostal spaces and they attach between adjacent ribs. Pull ribs up and sternum out.

17
Q

Intercostal Spaces

A

Carry a NVB including a vein, artery and nerve.

The NVB is between the internal and innermost intercostal muscle layers

18
Q

Intercostal Spaces - nerve supply

A

Intercostal nerves - arise from the anterior ramus of spinal nerves

19
Q

Intercostal Spaces - blood supply

A

Posterior:
Arterial - thoracic aorta
Venous - azygous vein

Anterior:
Arterial - internal thoracic artery (arises from subclavian artery)
Venous - internal thoracic vein

20
Q

Diaphragm

A

Floor of chest cavity
Roof of abdominal cavity
Skeletal muscle
Nerve supply: Phrenic nerve (C 3,4,5)

21
Q

Phrenic Nerve

A

Found in the neck on the surface of scaliness anterior

Passes into thorax, descends over the lateral aspects of the heart.

22
Q

Pectoralis Major

A

Attaches from sternum to humorous

23
Q

Pectoralis Minor

A

Attaches between coracoid process of the scapula to ribs 3,4,5

24
Q

Deltoid muscle

A

Covers the shoulder joint

25
Latissimus Dorsi
Back muscle
26
Serratus anterior
Lies laterally down the chest cavity. Anchors scapula to ribs. Supplied by long thoracic nerve. Paralysis results in winged scapula.
27
Subclavian vein
Positioned in front of the scalenus anterior
28
Subclavian artery
Positioned behind the scalenus anterior
29
Costadiaphragmatic Recess
Most inferior part of the pleural cavity (when pt upright) | Abnormal fluid drains here and causes the costaphrenic angle to blunt (shown on CXR)
30
Root of lung
Located at the hilum Pulmonary artery - superior Pulmonary veins - anterior and inferior Bronchus - Posterior
31
Lung features
Fissures - separate each lung lobe. R&L has oblique fissures, R only has horizontal fissures. Apex - superior to the middle 1/3rd of the clavicle Middle lobe - between ribs 4 and 6
32
Respiratory Epithelium
Columnar epithelium with ciliated cells, goblet cells and basal cells
33
Alveoli
Gas exchange occurs here type 1 - simple squamous epithelium, minimal thickness to improve gas exchange type 2 - secrete surfactant
34
Sternocleidomastoid
Attaches between sternum/clavicle to mastoid process of the temporal bone
35
Scalenus
Attaches between cervical vertebrae and ribs 1&2
36
Abdominal muscles - External oblique
Fibres run in hands in pockets direction Superior attachment: superficial aspects of lower ribs Inferior attachment: iliac crest & pubic tubercle
37
Abdominal muscles - Internal oblique
Fibres run from medial to lateral direction Superior attachment: inferior aspects of lower ribs Inferior attachment: iliac crest & thoracolumbar fascia
38
Abdominal muscles - transversus abdominus
Fibres run in horizontal direction Superior attachment: deep aspect of lower ribs Inferior attachment: iliac crest & thoracolumbar fascia
39
Abdominal muscles - rectus abdominus
Superior attachment: costal margin, xiphoid process | Inferior attachment: pubis