RS LEGIT Flashcards
The religion called _____________ is the most widespread monotheistic religion next to Christianity and it has more than 1 billion followers
Islam
The name _________ was given by Allah when He addressed the Muslims during Mohammad’s “farewell pilgrimage” to Mecca
ISLAM
ISLAM is an Arabic term which means “________________.”
OBEDIENCE or SUBMISSION
MUSLIM is the “_____________________” to Allah’s will by accepting Islamic Religion and by observing its laws & practices.
ONE WHO SUBMITS
In 595 CE: Muhammad met ____________, an older and wealthy widow. He was hired by _______________ as a “__________________” and eventually married her and they had SIX CHILDREN.
KHADIJAH, CARAVAN MANAGER
In 610 CE: ________________ appeared to Muhammad inside the cave of Mt. Hira and then revealed to him the first revelations of ______________ and told him that he is the prophet of God.
ANGEL JIBRIL, QUR’AN
In 622 CE: Muhammad and his followers migrated from Mecca to YATHRIB or MEDINA. This journey was called ‘________________’ and was considered by Muslims to be the special beginning of the Islamic Calendar.
THE HEGIRA
The persons who are responsible in spreading Islam throughout the world is called ________________, who were the first four successors of prophet Muhammad.
RASHIDUN
The 4 Rashidun
Abu Bakr
Umar
Uthman
Ali Ibn Abi Talib & Muawiyyah
it was during his rule that the bonds among tribes (within Arabian Peninsula) were strengthened.
Abu Bakr
t was during his rule that the campaign for expansion began and brought Islam outside the Arabian Peninsula. (Egypt, Syria, Palestine, etc.)
Umar
He expanded the Islamic influence into Libya, Armenia, Afghanistan & Cyprus.
Uthman
started the (Shia Islam)
Ali Ibn Abi Talib
started the (Sunni Islam)
Muawiyyah
“al- Salamu ‘alaykum” which means
“peace be upon you!”
wa- ‘alaykum al- Salam which means
“and upon you, peace!”
Virtue called: “_________” which means “piety or holiness”.
TAQWA
It is a declaration of faith that is considered to be the foundation of all other beliefs and practices of Islam.
SHAHADA
It is an obligation of Prayer which is a direct link between the believer and God. Muslims pray five times a day (dawn, midday, late afternoon, sunset, nightfall).
SALAH
This practice is one of the methods of self purification which involves fasting and self control during the Holy Month of Ramadan. Fasting from food, drink, & sensual pleasures from dawn to dusk.
SAWM
It is known as CHARITY/ALMSGIVING. Islam teaches that all things belong to God and wealth is held in trust by human beings. In this sense, Muslims realize that those who do not fulfill the duty of almsgiving are liable to God’s severe punishment.
ZAKAT
It is a pilgrimage to Mecca which must be performed by Muslims at least one in their lifetime. ONLY THOSE WHO ARE PHYSICALLY AND FINANCIALLY ABLE ARE OBLIGATED TO PERFORM IT.
HAJJ
It is a sacred time for Muslims to pray as one community (umma) inside the mosque every friday
JUM’AH
Before entering the Mosque, they perform the _________________ in order to purify their body and spirit before meeting Allah (swt).
RITUAL ABLUTION (wudu)
It is the “DAY OF SACRIFICES”, a four-day festival observed by the Muslims to commemorate the event of Allah appearing to Ibrahim (Abraham) in a dream, commanding him to sacrifice his son Ishmael to show his devotion to Allah.
EID AL ADHA
It is a holy month of fasting, introspection and prayer for Muslims, the followers of Islam. It is celebrated as the month during which Muhammad received the initial revelations of the Quran, the holy book for Muslims.
RAMADAN
It is a “FESTIVAL OF THE BREAKING OF THE FAST”. It is a three day celebration that marks the end of Ramadan, which is a month of prayer & fasting. Muslims attend communal worship, listen to khutma (sermon) and give zakat al-fitr (charity in the form of food).
EID AL FITR
is known to be the KITAB AL-ALLAH or (book of God). It is believed to be the LITERAL WORD OF ALLAH or Earthly Replica of the Heavenly Quran.
HOLY QUR’AN
This sacred text refers to the reports regarding the sayings and actions of the prophet Muhammad. It is considered to be an important guide in understanding the revelation in the Quran and has a significant influence in Islamic Law, second only to the Quran.
HADDITH
It means that Allah is One, that there is none like Him, He has no partner, He neither begets nor is He begotten, He is indivisible in person. He is the creator of the heavens and the earth and all that is between them and the creator of all things; the sole and sovereign ruler of the universe. And He is everywhere.
BELIEF IN ONE GOD (AL IIMAANU BILLAAH)
The Angels are the spiritual creatures of Allah created of light and endower with life, speech and reason. They are neither male nor female, they have no sex. They have no material body and can assume any form they like. They do not eat and drink like human beings nor do they sleep. They are free from carnal desires and the disturbances of anger. They are ever obedient to the will and commands of Allah. They are created in different forms and provided with different powers.
BELIEF IN ANGELS (AL IIMAANU BI MALAA-IKATIHHII)
THE QURAN consists of _____ surahs (chapters) and each composed of ayahs (verses). Hence, Muslims revere the Quran as the supreme authority for regulating Islamic Belief & Behavior for they know that the Quran is God’s perfect, definitive, & ultimate Revelation.
114
chapters of QURAN known as
Surahs
Verses of QURAN known as
Ayahs
It means that Allah revealed Commandments (SUHUF) and Code of religions (KUTUB) to different Prophets at different stages of history for the guidance of mankind.
BELIEF IN DIVINE BOOKS (AL IIMAANU BI KUTUBIHII)
The sacred books revealed by Allah are the the following: _________________ as revealed to Moses, _____________ as revealed to David, ____________ as revealed to Jesus, ________ as revealed to Muhammad
TAURAH or Torah, ZABOOR or Psalms, INJEEL or Gospels, QURAN
Prophets were sent by Allah to all nations at all stages of history to warn them against their sins and to lead them along the right path. Principally, the prophet taught mankind to worship and fear Allah and to be obedient to all His Commands.
BELIEF IN PROPHETS (AL IIMAANU BI RUSULIHII)
is a servant and messenger of Allah. He is a model for mankind and teaches mankind the Commands of Allah, himself acting in accordance with his own teachings
A Prophet
It is a belief that Allah already knows what will happen. But it does not stop human beings in making free choices. THUS, ALLAH WILLS THAT EVERY HUMAN BEINGS WILL BE ONE WITH HIM IN ETERNITY
BELIEF IN FATE
. On this day, all the human beings who had lived in the world since its inception will be restored to life and will be presented before God who will sit in court on that day.
BELIEF IN JUDGMENT DAY (AL IMAANU BIL YAUMIL AAKHIR)
The last day is called “_____________” (The Last Day)
Qiyaamah
Known as the resurrection
“Hashar”
It means “ritually correct” and particularly refers to food preparations and consumption. Muslims utter first a prayer before slaughtering an animal (except for pigs) in order to make the food halal.
HALAL PRACTICES
Is the celebration of Mawlid Al- Nabi
Celebration to Muhammad’s Birthday
It is does not mean a HOLY WAR, but it actually means “TO STRUGGLE, TO STRIVE, TO EXERT EFFORT”
JIHAD
is the world’s oldest religion, according to many scholars, with roots and customs dating back more than 4,000 years.
Hinduism
Roughly 95 percent of the world’s Hindus live in _____________
India.
Is the third-largest religion behind Christianity and Islam.
Hinduism
Hinduism is a religion of __________, which is the timeless order of all life
Dharma
according to Hindu Belief and practice, is what holds the universe together, which means duty, correct practice and truth
Dharma
The ultimate goal of Hindus is to achieve ____________________, that is to make their ____________ to be in communion with their ultimate god called __________
moksha (salvation), atman (soul), Brahman.
are sacred writings which contain foundational elements of doctrine, morality and worship
VEDAS
means action, the consequences of ones action
Karma
Hindus believed that “being one with the Brahman, means one’s soul (atman) is freed from the ________________________________
CYCLE OF REBIRTH (Samsara).”
The ______________ means that the person’s action in the present will have consequences, thus will shape person’s future
Law of Karma
is the cycle of birth-death- birth or reincarnation
Samsara
It means duty, virtue, or morality that would help the individuals to become moral people or rather gives humans the opportunity to act virtuously.
Dharma
IT MEANS FREEING ONESELF FROM “IGNORANCE”
JNANA MARGA (WAY OF KNOWLEDGE)
IT MEANS DOING GOOD ACTION
KARMA MARGA (WAY OF ACTION)
IT MEANS HAVING HEARTFELT DEVOTION TO GOD;
BHAKTI MARGA (WAY OF DEVOTION)
end wheel of samsara
Moksha
is the traditional social structure that closely follows Hindu Principles of Karma and Samsara
Caste System
a social classification that determines one’s rank on the basis of family’s occupation
Jati
The highest hierarchy and the purest among people
Brahmins
consists of political rulers and warriors, those who administer justice and defend the territory against invaders
Kshatriyas
makes up the economic specialists and merchants. They are responsible for producing food and other goods and exchange them in market for everyone’s benefit
Vaishyas
Consists of Manual Laborers. considered impure because of the nature of their work
Shudras
a social activist and critic of the caste
Mahatma Gandhi
most common way to express worship and deities
Puja
The festival of lights, considered the beginning of the New Year
Divali/ Diwali
The festival of spring colors
Holi
celebrates the actual victory of Rama over demon Ravana
Dusserha
Is done by renouncing oneself from self-centeredness (impatience, unkindness, insensitivity, greed), sensual pleasures and material goods.
JNANA MARGA (WAY OF KNOWLEDGE)
A sense of deep communion with the rest of nature
cannot be real if our hearts lack tenderness, compassion
and concern for our fellow human beings.
Laudato Si #91 “Everything is Connected”
The principles of Buddhism were first propagated by Buddha named _______________________, the founder of the religion
Siddharta Gautama
is a religion that is centered on ending suffering through renouncing material desires and attaining enlightenment
Buddhism
The first truth recognizes the existence of suffering and thus, it is part of every human condition.
THE TRUTH OF DUKKHA (Suffering)
____________________________ or the second truth, meanwhile, points to the cause of suffering. Buddhists believe that one of the primary origins of suffering is the _________________________). This desire springs from one’s egocentric self which becomes the reason why one has the tendency to be self-centered and narcissistic (I, Me, Mine, Myself).
THE TRUTH OF SAMUDAYA (Source of Suffering), TANHA (Desires)
include the shock of our being born into this World, Disability of Old Age, the Aches & Pains of our Diseases and our death
The physical sufferings
include our Union with the Unpleasant, Separation with the Pleasant, Feeling of Disappointment brought by failure of not having one’s desire, Fear of losing what one possesses
the emotional sufferings
The third truth states that there is an end of suffering either in one’s earthly or spiritual life. The spiritual freedom from suffering can be achieved through the attainment of nirvana or the state of eternal peace and happiness (Laurent, p. 145). Hence, this truth encourages to get rid of ignorance, ie. by viewing life simply as fulfilling one’s selfish desires.
THE TRUTH OF NIRODHA (The End of Suffering)
The fourth truth outlines the means by which one can attain nirvana and reach an end of suffering. This means is referred to as the Noble Eightfold Path.
THE TRUTH OF MAGGA (The path leading to the End of Suffering)
It means perceiving life and the world in their true state, and the correct knowledge of the Four Noble Truths.
RIGHT UNDERSTANDING
It means preventing oneself from thinking of immoral and harmful ideas and instead of filling one’s mind with thoughts of compassion and abandonment of material possessions.
RIGHT THOUGHT
It means practicing honesty and kindness in one’s words and abstaining from gossip and meaningless talk.
RIGHT SPEECH
It means renouncing ways of earning income which can harm oneself and put the lives of others in danger.
RIGHT LIVELIHOOD
It means preventing the possible emergence of immoral thoughts, abandoning immoral thoughts which have already surfaced, creating positive thoughts, and making sure that these positive thoughts are sustained and shared to other people.
RIGHT EFFORT
It means being aware of the different aspects of one’s existence, including the physical body, thoughts, and emotions.
RIGHT MINDFULNESS
It means being able to steer oneself away from distractions and seeing clearly one’s mind.
RIGHT CONCENTRATION
It means avoiding evil acts, those against the five precepts in Buddhism.
RIGHT ACTION
serve as a guide to Buddhists on how to lead life of virtue and morality.
The 5 Precepts
is both an ancient religion and a philosophy in China.
Confucianism
“I GO TO BUDDHA FOR REFUGE. I GO TO DHARMA FOR REFUGE. I GO TO SANGHA FOR REFUGE”
3 JEWELS
a monastic order founded by Buddha that preserves his teachings throughout generations
sangha
Chinas most influential religion
Confucianism
Followers of Confucianism are called ______________
Confucianists
The best way tot live life in Confucianism is to strive be a “_______________”
Chun Tzu or Ideal/Superior person (Gentleman)
Being a CHUN TZU possesses noble characteristics that come from one’s effort in striving to cultivate the four cardinal virtues namely, _____,___, _____, and _____
Ren, Li, Yi, Zhi
Human heartedness, goodness, benevolence, man-to-man-ness (that which gives human beings their humanity).
Ren
It is the sense of the dignity of human life – a feeling of humanity towards others and self-esteem for yourself. It is considered as the source of all virtues, and its cultivation is the highest level of human development.
Ren
is a virtue which makes a human being a moral being
Ren
The Golden Rule
“Do not do unto others what you would not want others do unto you”
love for others
Ren
This virtue refers to the proper conduct especially in various cultural practices.
Li
In simple terms, it’s about how one should act in a community.
Li
doctrine refers to the process of calling things by their proper names
RECTIFICATION OF NAMES
a good ruler is one who governs his people with love. A good ruler also leads by example, rather than confrontation, coercion, and punishment.
RULER-SUBJECT
This relationship is the most fundamental human bond as it is based primarily on reciprocal love as well as respect, propriety, and a sense of obligation.
PARENT-CHILD
Though the husband is considered to be the authority and the wife is subordinate to him, their relationship in the family is reciprocal.
HUSBAND-WIFE
In this relationship, the elder brother protects and takes care of the younger brother.
ELDER BROTHER-YOUNGER BROTHER
Peers should treat each other like brothers. In order to develop a brotherly kind of friendship, the elder friend should be considerate and trusting of the younger friend.
ELDER FRIEND-YOUNGER FRIEND
It is also known as filial piety
Xiao
refers to a traditional cultural imperative which is about having reverence for family, particularly “obedience to parents”
Xiao
This implies also that ONE must have a sense of LOYALTY TO THE FAMILY. Family must be a priority; honored; and must be treated with utmost importance through: respecting one’s parents and ancestors and having profound respect for one’s living elders.
Xiao
It emphasizes that people should live in moderation! Not striving for excess and to always value compromise.
The Doctrine of the Mean
t is a MORAL DISPOSITION to do good and the fortitude to do one’s duty. It also refers to preserving one’s integrity, upholding what is just, taking a stand against immoral practices.
Yi
It is a virtue that uses one’s innate knowledge in distinguishing what is right from wrong. Thus, it is a virtue necessary in the practice of moral norms.
Zhi
also known as Daoism, is an indigenous Chinese religion as well as an ancient nature philosophy that is deeply rooted in Chinese customs and worldview
Taoism
Taoism is said to have been founded by _______, a naturalistic philosopher-sage and the first taosit philosopher in Ancient China.
Lao Tzu
t focuses on understanding the Tao or the ‘way’ and emphasizes the need for a relationship[ between nature, humanity, and the divine
Taoism
refers to the perspective of the Taoists about the reality. In Taoism, the reality is viewed in a holistic manner. In essence, everything in reality is one and the same. Hence, it refers to a concept of universal oneness.
Yin and Yang
‘dark or shaded
Yin
‘bright or sunny.’
Yang
it means to follow THE WAY
Principle of Wu-wei
Human beings find fulfillment and personal growth through sincere relationships with others, as true self-knowledge is achieved only through meaningful interactions. Authentic human existence is rooted in bonding, communion, and fraternity, which enrich life and foster connections that transcend isolation. In contrast, self-sufficiency and a lack of relationships lead to stagnation and a diminished experience of life’s beauty
Fratelli Tutti #87
