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2C MIDTERMS > RS LEGIT > Flashcards

RS LEGIT Flashcards

1
Q

The religion called _____________ is the most widespread monotheistic religion next to Christianity and it has more than 1 billion followers

A

Islam

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2
Q

The name _________ was given by Allah when He addressed the Muslims during Mohammad’s “farewell pilgrimage” to Mecca

A

ISLAM

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3
Q

ISLAM is an Arabic term which means “________________.”

A

OBEDIENCE or SUBMISSION

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4
Q

MUSLIM is the “_____________________” to Allah’s will by accepting Islamic Religion and by observing its laws & practices.

A

ONE WHO SUBMITS

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5
Q

In 595 CE: Muhammad met ____________, an older and wealthy widow. He was hired by _______________ as a “__________________” and eventually married her and they had SIX CHILDREN.

A

KHADIJAH, CARAVAN MANAGER

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6
Q

In 610 CE: ________________ appeared to Muhammad inside the cave of Mt. Hira and then revealed to him the first revelations of ______________ and told him that he is the prophet of God.

A

ANGEL JIBRIL, QUR’AN

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7
Q

In 622 CE: Muhammad and his followers migrated from Mecca to YATHRIB or MEDINA. This journey was called ‘________________’ and was considered by Muslims to be the special beginning of the Islamic Calendar.

A

THE HEGIRA

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8
Q

The persons who are responsible in spreading Islam throughout the world is called ________________, who were the first four successors of prophet Muhammad.

A

RASHIDUN

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9
Q

The 4 Rashidun

A

Abu Bakr
Umar
Uthman
Ali Ibn Abi Talib & Muawiyyah

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10
Q

it was during his rule that the bonds among tribes (within Arabian Peninsula) were strengthened.

A

Abu Bakr

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11
Q

t was during his rule that the campaign for expansion began and brought Islam outside the Arabian Peninsula. (Egypt, Syria, Palestine, etc.)

A

Umar

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12
Q

He expanded the Islamic influence into Libya, Armenia, Afghanistan & Cyprus.

A

Uthman

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13
Q

started the (Shia Islam)

A

Ali Ibn Abi Talib

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14
Q

started the (Sunni Islam)

A

Muawiyyah

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15
Q

“al- Salamu ‘alaykum” which means

A

“peace be upon you!”

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16
Q

wa- ‘alaykum al- Salam which means

A

“and upon you, peace!”

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17
Q

Virtue called: “_________” which means “piety or holiness”.

A

TAQWA

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18
Q

It is a declaration of faith that is considered to be the foundation of all other beliefs and practices of Islam.

A

SHAHADA

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19
Q

It is an obligation of Prayer which is a direct link between the believer and God. Muslims pray five times a day (dawn, midday, late afternoon, sunset, nightfall).

A

SALAH

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20
Q

This practice is one of the methods of self purification which involves fasting and self control during the Holy Month of Ramadan. Fasting from food, drink, & sensual pleasures from dawn to dusk.

A

SAWM

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21
Q

It is known as CHARITY/ALMSGIVING. Islam teaches that all things belong to God and wealth is held in trust by human beings. In this sense, Muslims realize that those who do not fulfill the duty of almsgiving are liable to God’s severe punishment.

A

ZAKAT

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22
Q

It is a pilgrimage to Mecca which must be performed by Muslims at least one in their lifetime. ONLY THOSE WHO ARE PHYSICALLY AND FINANCIALLY ABLE ARE OBLIGATED TO PERFORM IT.

A

HAJJ

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23
Q

It is a sacred time for Muslims to pray as one community (umma) inside the mosque every friday

A

JUM’AH

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24
Q

Before entering the Mosque, they perform the _________________ in order to purify their body and spirit before meeting Allah (swt).

A

RITUAL ABLUTION (wudu)

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25
Q

It is the “DAY OF SACRIFICES”, a four-day festival observed by the Muslims to commemorate the event of Allah appearing to Ibrahim (Abraham) in a dream, commanding him to sacrifice his son Ishmael to show his devotion to Allah.

A

EID AL ADHA

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26
Q

It is a holy month of fasting, introspection and prayer for Muslims, the followers of Islam. It is celebrated as the month during which Muhammad received the initial revelations of the Quran, the holy book for Muslims.

A

RAMADAN

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27
Q

It is a “FESTIVAL OF THE BREAKING OF THE FAST”. It is a three day celebration that marks the end of Ramadan, which is a month of prayer & fasting. Muslims attend communal worship, listen to khutma (sermon) and give zakat al-fitr (charity in the form of food).

A

EID AL FITR

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28
Q

is known to be the KITAB AL-ALLAH or (book of God). It is believed to be the LITERAL WORD OF ALLAH or Earthly Replica of the Heavenly Quran.

A

HOLY QUR’AN

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29
Q

This sacred text refers to the reports regarding the sayings and actions of the prophet Muhammad. It is considered to be an important guide in understanding the revelation in the Quran and has a significant influence in Islamic Law, second only to the Quran.

A

HADDITH

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30
Q

It means that Allah is One, that there is none like Him, He has no partner, He neither begets nor is He begotten, He is indivisible in person. He is the creator of the heavens and the earth and all that is between them and the creator of all things; the sole and sovereign ruler of the universe. And He is everywhere.

A

BELIEF IN ONE GOD (AL IIMAANU BILLAAH)

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31
Q

The Angels are the spiritual creatures of Allah created of light and endower with life, speech and reason. They are neither male nor female, they have no sex. They have no material body and can assume any form they like. They do not eat and drink like human beings nor do they sleep. They are free from carnal desires and the disturbances of anger. They are ever obedient to the will and commands of Allah. They are created in different forms and provided with different powers.

A

BELIEF IN ANGELS (AL IIMAANU BI MALAA-IKATIHHII)

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32
Q

THE QURAN consists of _____ surahs (chapters) and each composed of ayahs (verses). Hence, Muslims revere the Quran as the supreme authority for regulating Islamic Belief & Behavior for they know that the Quran is God’s perfect, definitive, & ultimate Revelation.

A

114

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33
Q

chapters of QURAN known as

A

Surahs

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34
Q

Verses of QURAN known as

A

Ayahs

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35
Q

It means that Allah revealed Commandments (SUHUF) and Code of religions (KUTUB) to different Prophets at different stages of history for the guidance of mankind.

A

BELIEF IN DIVINE BOOKS (AL IIMAANU BI KUTUBIHII)

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36
Q

The sacred books revealed by Allah are the the following: _________________ as revealed to Moses, _____________ as revealed to David, ____________ as revealed to Jesus, ________ as revealed to Muhammad

A

TAURAH or Torah, ZABOOR or Psalms, INJEEL or Gospels, QURAN

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37
Q

Prophets were sent by Allah to all nations at all stages of history to warn them against their sins and to lead them along the right path. Principally, the prophet taught mankind to worship and fear Allah and to be obedient to all His Commands.

A

BELIEF IN PROPHETS (AL IIMAANU BI RUSULIHII)

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38
Q

is a servant and messenger of Allah. He is a model for mankind and teaches mankind the Commands of Allah, himself acting in accordance with his own teachings

A

A Prophet

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39
Q

It is a belief that Allah already knows what will happen. But it does not stop human beings in making free choices. THUS, ALLAH WILLS THAT EVERY HUMAN BEINGS WILL BE ONE WITH HIM IN ETERNITY

A

BELIEF IN FATE

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40
Q

. On this day, all the human beings who had lived in the world since its inception will be restored to life and will be presented before God who will sit in court on that day.

A

BELIEF IN JUDGMENT DAY (AL IMAANU BIL YAUMIL AAKHIR)

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41
Q

The last day is called “_____________” (The Last Day)

A

Qiyaamah

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42
Q

Known as the resurrection

A

“Hashar”

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43
Q

It means “ritually correct” and particularly refers to food preparations and consumption. Muslims utter first a prayer before slaughtering an animal (except for pigs) in order to make the food halal.

A

HALAL PRACTICES

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44
Q

Is the celebration of Mawlid Al- Nabi

A

Celebration to Muhammad’s Birthday

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45
Q

It is does not mean a HOLY WAR, but it actually means “TO STRUGGLE, TO STRIVE, TO EXERT EFFORT”

A

JIHAD

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46
Q

is the world’s oldest religion, according to many scholars, with roots and customs dating back more than 4,000 years.

A

Hinduism

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47
Q

Roughly 95 percent of the world’s Hindus live in _____________

A

India.

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48
Q

Is the third-largest religion behind Christianity and Islam.

A

Hinduism

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49
Q

Hinduism is a religion of __________, which is the timeless order of all life

A

Dharma

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50
Q

according to Hindu Belief and practice, is what holds the universe together, which means duty, correct practice and truth

A

Dharma

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51
Q

The ultimate goal of Hindus is to achieve ____________________, that is to make their ____________ to be in communion with their ultimate god called __________

A

moksha (salvation), atman (soul), Brahman.

52
Q

are sacred writings which contain foundational elements of doctrine, morality and worship

A

VEDAS

53
Q

means action, the consequences of ones action

A

Karma

54
Q

Hindus believed that “being one with the Brahman, means one’s soul (atman) is freed from the ________________________________

A

CYCLE OF REBIRTH (Samsara).”

55
Q

The ______________ means that the person’s action in the present will have consequences, thus will shape person’s future

A

Law of Karma

56
Q

is the cycle of birth-death- birth or reincarnation

A

Samsara

57
Q

It means duty, virtue, or morality that would help the individuals to become moral people or rather gives humans the opportunity to act virtuously.

A

Dharma

58
Q

IT MEANS FREEING ONESELF FROM “IGNORANCE”

A

JNANA MARGA (WAY OF KNOWLEDGE)

59
Q

IT MEANS DOING GOOD ACTION

A

KARMA MARGA (WAY OF ACTION)

60
Q

IT MEANS HAVING HEARTFELT DEVOTION TO GOD;

A

BHAKTI MARGA (WAY OF DEVOTION)

61
Q

end wheel of samsara

A

Moksha

62
Q

is the traditional social structure that closely follows Hindu Principles of Karma and Samsara

A

Caste System

63
Q

a social classification that determines one’s rank on the basis of family’s occupation

A

Jati

64
Q

The highest hierarchy and the purest among people

A

Brahmins

65
Q

consists of political rulers and warriors, those who administer justice and defend the territory against invaders

A

Kshatriyas

66
Q

makes up the economic specialists and merchants. They are responsible for producing food and other goods and exchange them in market for everyone’s benefit

A

Vaishyas

67
Q

Consists of Manual Laborers. considered impure because of the nature of their work

A

Shudras

68
Q

a social activist and critic of the caste

A

Mahatma Gandhi

69
Q

most common way to express worship and deities

A

Puja

70
Q

The festival of lights, considered the beginning of the New Year

A

Divali/ Diwali

71
Q

The festival of spring colors

A

Holi

72
Q

celebrates the actual victory of Rama over demon Ravana

A

Dusserha

73
Q

Is done by renouncing oneself from self-centeredness (impatience, unkindness, insensitivity, greed), sensual pleasures and material goods.

A

JNANA MARGA (WAY OF KNOWLEDGE)

74
Q

A sense of deep communion with the rest of nature
cannot be real if our hearts lack tenderness, compassion
and concern for our fellow human beings.

A

Laudato Si #91 “Everything is Connected”

75
Q

The principles of Buddhism were first propagated by Buddha named _______________________, the founder of the religion

A

Siddharta Gautama

76
Q

is a religion that is centered on ending suffering through renouncing material desires and attaining enlightenment

A

Buddhism

77
Q

The first truth recognizes the existence of suffering and thus, it is part of every human condition.

A

THE TRUTH OF DUKKHA (Suffering)

78
Q

____________________________ or the second truth, meanwhile, points to the cause of suffering. Buddhists believe that one of the primary origins of suffering is the _________________________). This desire springs from one’s egocentric self which becomes the reason why one has the tendency to be self-centered and narcissistic (I, Me, Mine, Myself).

A

THE TRUTH OF SAMUDAYA (Source of Suffering), TANHA (Desires)

79
Q

include the shock of our being born into this World, Disability of Old Age, the Aches & Pains of our Diseases and our death

A

The physical sufferings

80
Q

include our Union with the Unpleasant, Separation with the Pleasant, Feeling of Disappointment brought by failure of not having one’s desire, Fear of losing what one possesses

A

the emotional sufferings

81
Q

The third truth states that there is an end of suffering either in one’s earthly or spiritual life. The spiritual freedom from suffering can be achieved through the attainment of nirvana or the state of eternal peace and happiness (Laurent, p. 145). Hence, this truth encourages to get rid of ignorance, ie. by viewing life simply as fulfilling one’s selfish desires.

A

THE TRUTH OF NIRODHA (The End of Suffering)

82
Q

The fourth truth outlines the means by which one can attain nirvana and reach an end of suffering. This means is referred to as the Noble Eightfold Path.

A

THE TRUTH OF MAGGA (The path leading to the End of Suffering)

83
Q

It means perceiving life and the world in their true state, and the correct knowledge of the Four Noble Truths.

A

RIGHT UNDERSTANDING

84
Q

It means preventing oneself from thinking of immoral and harmful ideas and instead of filling one’s mind with thoughts of compassion and abandonment of material possessions.

A

RIGHT THOUGHT

85
Q

It means practicing honesty and kindness in one’s words and abstaining from gossip and meaningless talk.

A

RIGHT SPEECH

86
Q

It means renouncing ways of earning income which can harm oneself and put the lives of others in danger.

A

RIGHT LIVELIHOOD

87
Q

It means preventing the possible emergence of immoral thoughts, abandoning immoral thoughts which have already surfaced, creating positive thoughts, and making sure that these positive thoughts are sustained and shared to other people.

A

RIGHT EFFORT

88
Q

It means being aware of the different aspects of one’s existence, including the physical body, thoughts, and emotions.

A

RIGHT MINDFULNESS

89
Q

It means being able to steer oneself away from distractions and seeing clearly one’s mind.

A

RIGHT CONCENTRATION

90
Q

It means avoiding evil acts, those against the five precepts in Buddhism.

A

RIGHT ACTION

91
Q

serve as a guide to Buddhists on how to lead life of virtue and morality.

A

The 5 Precepts

92
Q

is both an ancient religion and a philosophy in China.

A

Confucianism

93
Q

“I GO TO BUDDHA FOR REFUGE. I GO TO DHARMA FOR REFUGE. I GO TO SANGHA FOR REFUGE”

A

3 JEWELS

94
Q

a monastic order founded by Buddha that preserves his teachings throughout generations

A

sangha

95
Q

Chinas most influential religion

A

Confucianism

96
Q

Followers of Confucianism are called ______________

A

Confucianists

97
Q

The best way tot live life in Confucianism is to strive be a “_______________”

A

Chun Tzu or Ideal/Superior person (Gentleman)

98
Q

Being a CHUN TZU possesses noble characteristics that come from one’s effort in striving to cultivate the four cardinal virtues namely, _____,___, _____, and _____

A

Ren, Li, Yi, Zhi

99
Q

Human heartedness, goodness, benevolence, man-to-man-ness (that which gives human beings their humanity).

A

Ren

100
Q

It is the sense of the dignity of human life – a feeling of humanity towards others and self-esteem for yourself. It is considered as the source of all virtues, and its cultivation is the highest level of human development.

A

Ren

101
Q

is a virtue which makes a human being a moral being

A

Ren

102
Q

The Golden Rule

A

“Do not do unto others what you would not want others do unto you”

103
Q

love for others

A

Ren

104
Q

This virtue refers to the proper conduct especially in various cultural practices.

A

Li

105
Q

In simple terms, it’s about how one should act in a community.

A

Li

106
Q

doctrine refers to the process of calling things by their proper names

A

RECTIFICATION OF NAMES

107
Q

a good ruler is one who governs his people with love. A good ruler also leads by example, rather than confrontation, coercion, and punishment.

A

RULER-SUBJECT

108
Q

This relationship is the most fundamental human bond as it is based primarily on reciprocal love as well as respect, propriety, and a sense of obligation.

A

PARENT-CHILD

109
Q

Though the husband is considered to be the authority and the wife is subordinate to him, their relationship in the family is reciprocal.

A

HUSBAND-WIFE

110
Q

In this relationship, the elder brother protects and takes care of the younger brother.

A

ELDER BROTHER-YOUNGER BROTHER

111
Q

Peers should treat each other like brothers. In order to develop a brotherly kind of friendship, the elder friend should be considerate and trusting of the younger friend.

A

ELDER FRIEND-YOUNGER FRIEND

112
Q

It is also known as filial piety

A

Xiao

113
Q

refers to a traditional cultural imperative which is about having reverence for family, particularly “obedience to parents”

A

Xiao

114
Q

This implies also that ONE must have a sense of LOYALTY TO THE FAMILY. Family must be a priority; honored; and must be treated with utmost importance through: respecting one’s parents and ancestors and having profound respect for one’s living elders.

A

Xiao

115
Q

It emphasizes that people should live in moderation! Not striving for excess and to always value compromise.

A

The Doctrine of the Mean

116
Q

t is a MORAL DISPOSITION to do good and the fortitude to do one’s duty. It also refers to preserving one’s integrity, upholding what is just, taking a stand against immoral practices.

A

Yi

117
Q

It is a virtue that uses one’s innate knowledge in distinguishing what is right from wrong. Thus, it is a virtue necessary in the practice of moral norms.

A

Zhi

118
Q

also known as Daoism, is an indigenous Chinese religion as well as an ancient nature philosophy that is deeply rooted in Chinese customs and worldview

A

Taoism

119
Q

Taoism is said to have been founded by _______, a naturalistic philosopher-sage and the first taosit philosopher in Ancient China.

A

Lao Tzu

120
Q

t focuses on understanding the Tao or the ‘way’ and emphasizes the need for a relationship[ between nature, humanity, and the divine

A

Taoism

121
Q

refers to the perspective of the Taoists about the reality. In Taoism, the reality is viewed in a holistic manner. In essence, everything in reality is one and the same. Hence, it refers to a concept of universal oneness.

A

Yin and Yang

122
Q

‘dark or shaded

A

Yin

123
Q

‘bright or sunny.’

A

Yang

124
Q

it means to follow THE WAY

A

Principle of Wu-wei

125
Q

Human beings find fulfillment and personal growth through sincere relationships with others, as true self-knowledge is achieved only through meaningful interactions. Authentic human existence is rooted in bonding, communion, and fraternity, which enrich life and foster connections that transcend isolation. In contrast, self-sufficiency and a lack of relationships lead to stagnation and a diminished experience of life’s beauty

A

Fratelli Tutti #87

2C MIDTERMS (14 decks)

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