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Rs Judaism Ai Test Book Flashcards

1
Q

What is Judaism considered to be?

A

The oldest of the world’s monotheistic religions.

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2
Q

What is the core belief of Judaism?

A

There is one God who has revealed himself to key prophets.

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3
Q

Who are the key prophets in Judaism?

A

Noah, Abraham, and Moses.

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4
Q

What is a covenant in Judaism?

A

A promise or agreement between two parties.

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5
Q

What does the term ‘Kosher’ refer to?

A

Foods that are permitted to be eaten according to Leviticus Chapter 11.

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6
Q

Who do Jews believe the Messiah is?

A

The anointed one who will bring in a new era for humankind.

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7
Q

What are Mitzvot?

A

Duties and good deeds, often referring to the 613 in the Torah.

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8
Q

What is Shabbat?

A

A day of spiritual renewal and rest, beginning at sunset on Friday and closing at nightfall on Saturday.

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9
Q

What is the Shekhinah?

A

The place where God’s presence rests and can be felt.

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10
Q

What is a synagogue?

A

A house of assembly for Jewish public prayer, study, and assembly.

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11
Q

What is the Torah?

A

The five books of Moses: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy.

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12
Q

What are the two main Jewish groups in the UK?

A
  • Orthodox Jews
  • Reform Jews
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13
Q

What do Orthodox Jews believe about the Torah?

A

They believe it was given directly from God and should be followed today as written.

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14
Q

How do Reform Jews view the Torah?

A

As a document written by humans but inspired by God.

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15
Q

What is the significance of ethical mitzvot for Reform Jews?

A

They emphasize the importance of ethical mitzvot alongside ritual mitzvot.

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16
Q

What distinguishes Secular Jews from other Jewish groups?

A

They identify strongly with Jewish heritage through cultural and historical connections rather than religious practices.

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17
Q

What are the two main ethnic divisions within Judaism?

A
  • Ashkenazi Jews
  • Sephardi Jews
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18
Q

Where do Ashkenazi Jews traditionally trace their ancestry?

A

Mainly in Germany and France.

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19
Q

Where do Sephardi Jews traditionally trace their ancestry?

A

With Spain and Portugal.

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20
Q

What is the current Jewish population in the UK?

A

Around 300,000.

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21
Q

Which city has the largest Jewish community in the UK?

A

London.

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22
Q

True or False: The UK has the fifth largest Jewish community in the world.

A

True.

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23
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ is regarded as the holiest books of the Tenakh.

A

Torah

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24
Q

What is an important aspect of the examination for students studying Judaism?

A

To explain different Jewish views on core beliefs and teachings.

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25
Q

What is the central belief within Judaism regarding God?

A

Monotheism: there is one God who is indivisible and unique

This belief is emphasized in the Shema, a key prayer in Judaism.

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26
Q

What does the Shema state?

A

‘Hear, O Israel! The LorD is our God, the LorD alone’ (Deuteronomy 6:4)

The Shema is recited by many Jews three times a day.

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27
Q

What qualities are attributed to God in Judaism?

A
  • Omniscient
  • Omnipotent
  • Omnipresent

These qualities reinforce the belief in one God.

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28
Q

How do many Jews show respect for God’s name?

A

By substituting it with ‘HaShem’ or writing it as ‘G-d’

This is a sign of respect and honor.

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29
Q

What is forbidden in Judaism regarding the worship of gods?

A

Worship of any other gods is against God’s will

This is supported by the command ‘You shall have no other gods besides me’ (Exodus 20:3).

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30
Q

What do synagogues typically lack, and why?

A

Images or statues of living beings

This is to prevent them from becoming a focus for worship.

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31
Q

What does Judaism teach about God as Creator?

A

God created the world with order, design, and purpose

This is illustrated in Genesis 1.

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32
Q

What is depicted in Genesis 1:3-5?

A

God creating day and night with His word

This showcases God’s omnipotence as a creator.

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33
Q

What is humanity’s special role according to Genesis 1:26-28?

A

To rule over the earth and all living things

This passage indicates that humanity was created in God’s image.

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34
Q

Define monotheism.

A

Belief there is only one God

This is a foundational concept in Judaism.

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35
Q

What is the Shema?

A

A prayer found in the Torah proclaiming belief in one God

It is a central element of Jewish faith.

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36
Q

What is a mezuzah?

A

A small scroll of parchment with the Shema, attached to doorposts

It serves as a reminder of God’s presence.

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37
Q

What is the significance of Genesis 1:3 in relation to God?

A

It describes God creating light and declaring it good, marking the first day of creation.

This passage highlights the concept of God as the ultimate creator in Judaism.

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38
Q

What is the belief in God as the Law-Giver in Judaism?

A

God revealed the Torah to Moses, containing the 613 mitzvot required for Jews to live a good and moral life.

These duties also aim to create a fair and moral society.

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39
Q

What are the Ten Commandments?

A

They are a set of ethical duties found in Exodus 20:2-14 that form the basis of Jewish ethics.

They are a key example of mitzvot.

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40
Q

How do Orthodox Jews and Reform Jews differ in their approach to the mitzvot?

A

Orthodox Jews strive to keep all duties as laid out in the Torah, while Reform Jews believe these duties should be adapted to modern life.

Most Jews generally try to keep the Ten Commandments.

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41
Q

What is Shabbat, and why do Jews celebrate it?

A

Shabbat is a weekly day of rest commemorating God resting on the seventh day after creation.

It serves as a reminder of the gift of creation.

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42
Q

What is Rosh Hashanah?

A

It is the Jewish New Year, celebrated as the anniversary of creation.

It also marks the beginning of God’s judgment of individuals for their actions over the past year.

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43
Q

What is the role of God as Judge in Judaism?

A

God judges individuals based on their adherence to the Torah and the mitzvot, balancing their good and bad actions.

This judgment is especially highlighted during Rosh Hashanah.

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44
Q

What opportunity does God provide to Jews during Yom Kippur?

A

Jews have the opportunity to atone for wrongdoings in the ten days leading up to Yom Kippur.

This reflects God’s compassion and allows for reflection and correction.

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45
Q

What is the relationship between justice and compassion in Judaism?

A

Judaism teaches that God embodies both justice and compassion, judging individuals with a balance of both.

This dual aspect encourages moral behavior among Jews.

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46
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ contains the 613 mitzvot.

A

Torah

These commandments guide Jews in living a moral life.

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47
Q

True or False: All Jews believe that God’s oneness is the most important aspect of God’s nature.

A

False

While many Jews value God’s oneness, interpretations of its significance can vary.

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48
Q

What is the basis for the Jewish belief that humans are created in God’s image?

A

This belief is rooted in the creation narrative found in Genesis.

It underlines the fundamental value of human dignity in Judaism.

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49
Q

What is the primary purpose of the mitzvot?

A

To guide Jews in living a good, moral life and create a fair society.

They reflect God’s will for human behavior.

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50
Q

What is the Shekhinah?

A

The term used to refer to God’s presence when it rests and can be felt strongly on earth.

Sometimes referred to as the divine presence or the idea of God dwelling on earth.

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51
Q

How does the Shekhinah differ from other characteristics of God?

A

It shows the immanent nature of God, while other characteristics show God’s transcendence.

Characteristics such as One, Creator, Law-Giver, and Judge highlight God’s transcendence.

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52
Q

What does Judaism teach about God’s presence?

A

God is omnipresent, but the Shekhinah represents times and places when God’s presence is particularly felt and experienced.

It is seen as a way of God reaching out and connecting with Jews.

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53
Q

What is the significance of engaging with the Shekhinah?

A

It is important for Jews to engage with the Shekhinah in a spiritual and practical sense through prayer and pilgrimage.

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54
Q

What feminine attributes are associated with the Shekhinah?

A

Loving, caring, and compassionate qualities of God.

Some Jews believe the Shekhinah represents the feminine aspect of God.

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55
Q

How does the Shekhinah affect feelings according to some Jews?

A

It promotes feelings of safety, security, and peace.

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56
Q

Does the word ‘Shekhinah’ appear in the Tenakh?

A

No, the word ‘Shekhinah’ does not feature in the Tenakh.

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57
Q

What is the Tenakh?

A

The Jewish Bible, consisting of the Torah, Nevi’m, and Ketuvim.

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58
Q

Provide an example of Shekhinah from Genesis.

A

They heard the sound of the Lord God moving about in the garden at the breezy time of day.

Genesis 3:8 illustrates God’s presence in the garden.

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59
Q

What happened after Solomon finished praying according to 2 Chronicles?

A

Fire descended from heaven and consumed the burnt offering, and the glory of the Lord filled the House.

This indicates a moment of divine presence.

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60
Q

How did God guide the people according to Exodus?

A

In a pillar of cloud by day and in a pillar of fire by night.

Exodus 13:21 shows God’s guidance as a form of Shekhinah.

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61
Q

What does the term ‘dwelling’ refer to in the context of Shekhinah?

A

A place of living or a home.

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62
Q

Fill in the blank: The Shekhinah is not the _______ presence of God, but rather the spiritual presence of God on earth.

A

physical

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63
Q

True or False: Shekhinah is considered a physical manifestation of God.

A

False

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64
Q

What does ‘immanent’ mean regarding the nature of God?

A

God is close to his creation and involved with the world so that he can make himself known.

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65
Q

How do Orthodox Jews believe they can experience the Shekhinah?

A

At the Western Wall in Jerusalem.

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66
Q

What does the term Shekhinah refer to?

A

Divine presence

Shekhinah is a significant concept in Judaism, representing God’s presence in the world.

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67
Q

What is the Hebrew term for the sacred text consisting of five books?

A

Torah

The Torah is central to Jewish law and tradition.

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68
Q

What is a covenant in the Jewish context?

A

A solemn agreement between God and the Jewish people.

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69
Q

How is the Shekhinah often referred to in the Torah?

A

As the glory of God.

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70
Q

List two other ways the Shekhinah appears in the Torah.

A
  • As a cloud
  • As fire
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71
Q

What significant event is associated with the Shekhinah in Jewish history?

A

The giving of the Torah to Moses.

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72
Q

What structure did Moses construct to house God’s presence during the Israelites’ wandering?

A

The tabernacle.

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73
Q

What was the Ark of the Covenant?

A

A chest containing the two stone tablets of the Ten Commandments.

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74
Q

What replaced the tabernacle as the center of Jewish worship?

A

The First Temple in Jerusalem.

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75
Q

What remains of the Second Temple today?

A

The Western Wall.

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76
Q

True or False: Some Jews believe God’s presence is no longer felt at the Western Wall.

A

True.

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77
Q

Name one way Jews experience the Shekhinah today.

A
  • Worship
  • Prayer
  • Study
  • Shabbat
  • Pilgrimage
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78
Q

What is a ner tamid?

A

An ‘eternal light’ that is always present in a synagogue.

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79
Q

What is required for prayers in the synagogue according to Orthodox Jews?

A

A minyan (ten adult men).

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80
Q

Fill in the blank: The Talmud states that ‘the Divine Presence dwells in any place where there are _______ adult male Jews.’

A

ten

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81
Q

What do women do during Shabbat to welcome the Shekhinah into the home?

A

Light two candles.

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82
Q

Why do Orthodox Jews believe they can experience the Shekhinah at the Western Wall?

A

It is the last part of the Second Temple that is still standing.

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83
Q

What is the significance of communal worship in experiencing the Shekhinah?

A

It allows Jews to be in the presence of God.

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84
Q

Provide one source of wisdom that supports belief in the Shekhinah.

A

The Talmud.

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85
Q

Give one Jewish response to the statement: ‘The Shekhinah is not important when trying to understand God.’

A

The Shekhinah represents God’s closeness and care.

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86
Q

Do you agree that the best place for Jews to experience God’s presence is at the Western Wall? Give two reasons for your view.

A
  • It is a historical site of the Second Temple
  • Many Jews feel a heightened awareness of God’s presence there.
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87
Q

What does the term Messiah mean in Hebrew?

A

Anointed

The Hebrew word ‘Mashiach’ translates to ‘anointed’.

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88
Q

What is the traditional Jewish belief about the nature of the Messiah?

A

A future Jewish ruler anointed like a monarch

The Messiah is viewed as a special individual with the authority to rule.

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89
Q

Which biblical text is interpreted as indicating the coming of a Messiah?

A

Jeremiah 23:5

‘See, a time is coming - declares the LORD - when I will raise up a true branch of David’s line.’

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90
Q

What are some traditional characteristics of the Messiah according to Judaism?

A
  • A human man
  • Descended from King David
  • A great political leader
  • Has the authority of God

Traditional views emphasize the Messiah’s humanity and lineage.

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91
Q

True or False: Many Orthodox Jews believe that the Messiah has already come.

A

False

Many Orthodox Jews are still waiting for the coming of the Messiah.

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92
Q

What is the Messiah expected to bring to the world?

A
  • Righteousness
  • Peace
  • Justice

The Messiah is believed to spread good and create a Messianic Age.

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93
Q

Fill in the blank: The age of peace brought by the Messiah is known as _______.

A

Messianic Age

The Messianic Age signifies a new era for humankind.

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94
Q

According to some beliefs, what will signal the end of the world as it is?

A

The arrival of the Messiah

The Messiah’s coming is associated with significant changes in the world.

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95
Q

What is the significance of the Temple in relation to the Messiah?

A

The Messiah will restore the Temple to glory

The Temple was destroyed in 70 CE, and its restoration is a key belief.

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96
Q

What is ‘olam ha-ba’?

A

The Messianic Age of peace and harmony

‘Olam ha-ba’ refers to the world to come, characterized by peace.

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97
Q

Who is expected to be the political leader of the Jewish people?

A

The Messiah

The Messiah is viewed as a defender of Judaism and its followers.

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98
Q

What do some Jews believe about the potential for the Messiah in every generation?

A

There is someone who has the potential to be the Messiah

This belief emphasizes hope and the ongoing possibility of redemption.

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99
Q

True or False: The Messiah is believed to be God on earth.

A

False

The Messiah is a human, not God, to uphold the oneness of God in Judaism.

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100
Q

What is the Mashiach in Judaism?

A

A special person who will signal the end of the current age and the beginning of an age of peace

The Mashiach is believed to restore the Jewish people and the Temple in Jerusalem.

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101
Q

What do Jews believe will happen when the Messiah arrives?

A

The restoration of the Temple in Jerusalem and the beginning of a new era of peace

This includes the resurrection of the dead and the return of Jews to Israel.

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102
Q

Define the Messianic Age.

A

A new era characterized by total peace, prosperity, and justice for all

It is described in teachings such as ‘the wolf shall dwell with the lamb’ (Isaiah 11:6).

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103
Q

What is the traditional view of the Messiah among many Orthodox Jews?

A

They accept the traditional understanding and wait in hope for his arrival

Maimonides’ Thirteen Principles of Jewish Faith includes belief in the Messiah.

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104
Q

How do Reform Jews differ in their belief about the Messiah?

A

They reject the belief in a singular Messiah and believe in collective responsibility for creating the Messianic Age

They focus on actions that promote peace and justice rather than waiting for an individual.

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105
Q

What does the phrase ‘nation shall not take up sword against nation’ signify?

A

It signifies the expectation of eternal and universal peace in the Messianic Age

This is a vision shared by Reform Jews.

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106
Q

According to Micah 6:8, what is required to achieve the Messianic Age?

A

To do justice, love goodness, and walk modestly with your God

This highlights the importance of moral living in bringing about the Messianic Age.

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107
Q

What is Tikkun Olam?

A

A concept emphasizing the responsibility to repair the world and promote justice

It is seen as a means to help bring about the Messianic Age.

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108
Q

True or False: The Messiah is of central importance in Judaism.

A

True

This is emphasized in Orthodox beliefs, particularly in Maimonides’ teachings.

109
Q

Fill in the blank: The Messianic impulse is the urge to bring about the _______.

A

Messiah and the Messianic Age

This impulse drives many Jews to engage in social and environmental causes.

110
Q

List three traditional characteristics of the Messiah.

A
  • Restorer of the Temple
  • Bringer of peace
  • Redeemer of the world

These characteristics reflect the expectations of the Messiah’s role in Judaism.

111
Q

What is a covenant?

A

An agreement between two people or groups with conditions attached

112
Q

Who was the first person to have a covenant with God according to Judaism?

A

Noah

113
Q

What laws were given to Noah in his covenant?

A

The Noahide Laws

114
Q

Who is considered the founder of Judaism?

A

Abraham

115
Q

What is unique about the covenant made with Abraham’s descendants?

A

It is unconditional

116
Q

What significant text did Moses provide to the Jewish people?

A

The Torah and the Law

117
Q

What type of covenant was made with Moses?

A

Conditional

118
Q

What does Abraham represent in Judaism?

A

The first patriarch and a role model

119
Q

What was the primary characteristic of Abraham that distinguished him from others?

A

His belief in monotheism

120
Q

What are the three promises of the Abrahamic covenant?

A
  • Land
  • Descendants
  • Blessings
121
Q

What is the condition for the Jews in the Abrahamic covenant?

A

Males must undergo circumcision

122
Q

What is the ‘sign of the covenant’ in the Abrahamic covenant?

A

Circumcision

123
Q

What land did God promise to Abraham?

A

The land of Canaan

124
Q

What is the significance of the Promised Land in Judaism?

A

It is considered the Jewish homeland historically and today

125
Q

What is the connection many Jews feel towards Israel?

A

Due to God’s promise of this land to Abraham

126
Q

What is one way Jews remember the destruction of the Temple during weddings?

A

By breaking a glass

127
Q

What is the term for a person related to you who lives on after you?

A

Descendant

128
Q

What does ‘Promised Land’ refer to?

A

The land God promised to Abraham and his descendants

129
Q

What does the term ‘polytheism’ mean?

A

Believing in many gods

130
Q

Fill in the blank: Abraham traveled to the _______ as part of God’s promise.

A

Promised Land

131
Q

True or False: The covenant with Abraham includes a condition for his descendants.

A

False

132
Q

What is the meaning of the Abrahamic covenant?

A

A sacred agreement between God and Abraham, emphasizing faith and trust in God.

133
Q

What are the three promises made to Abraham?

A
  • A great nation will come from him
  • He will be blessed and his name made great
  • His descendants will inherit the land of Canaan
134
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ is the sign or seal of the covenant between God and Abraham.

A

circumcision

135
Q

What is the significance of circumcision in Judaism?

A

It is a physical sign of entry into the covenant relationship with God.

136
Q

At what age is circumcision performed according to the Abrahamic covenant?

A

Eight days old

137
Q

True or False: Jews are considered the chosen people of God because they keep the mitzvot.

A

True

138
Q

What does God promise to do for those who bless Abraham?

A

God will bless those who bless Abraham.

139
Q

What is the Brit Milah ceremony?

A

The ceremony where circumcision is performed on a baby boy.

140
Q

List the key components of the Abrahamic covenant.

A
  • Promised Land
  • Numerous descendants
  • Blessings and a condition of obedience
141
Q

According to Genesis 17:6-8, what is the nature of the covenant between God and Abraham?

A

An everlasting covenant throughout the ages.

142
Q

Fill in the blank: _______ are the commandments that Jews are obligated to keep.

A

Mitzvot

143
Q

What does the term ‘kosher’ refer to?

A

Food that is prepared according to Jewish dietary laws.

144
Q

State one source of wisdom to support the Abrahamic covenant.

A

Genesis 12:1-3

145
Q

Do you think that the Abrahamic covenant is important for Jews today? Provide one reason.

A

It reinforces their identity as God’s chosen people.

146
Q

What is the importance of the Promised Land in the context of the Abrahamic covenant?

A

It is the land assigned to Abraham and his descendants as an everlasting holding.

147
Q

What happens to a male who is uncircumcised according to Genesis 17:14?

A

He shall be cut off from his kin; he has broken the covenant.

148
Q

True or False: The Abrahamic covenant is solely about Abraham’s descendants.

A

False

149
Q

What does God promise Abraham regarding his descendants?

A

They will become a great nation and kings shall come forth from them.

150
Q

Who delivered the Israelites from slavery in Egypt?

A

Moses

Moses is considered a key figure in Judaism.

151
Q

What is the significance of Moses in Judaism?

A

Moses is considered the greatest prophet and a great teacher

He is known for having a face-to-face encounter with God.

152
Q

What did God give Moses at Mount Sinai?

A

The Torah

The Torah contains the 613 mitzvot.

153
Q

What are the mitzvot?

A

The commandments given by God to guide the Israelites

They help the Israelites understand the consequences of their actions.

154
Q

What event led Pharaoh to let the Israelites go?

A

The death of the Egyptians’ firstborn sons (the tenth plague)

This was the worst of the ten plagues sent by God.

155
Q

How did God help the Israelites escape from Pharaoh?

A

He parted the Red Sea

This allowed the Israelites to cross safely while Pharaoh’s army was destroyed.

156
Q

What do Jews celebrate to commemorate Moses’ actions?

A

Pesach (Passover)

This holiday celebrates the liberation of the Israelites from Egyptian slavery.

157
Q

Fill in the blank: Moses learned the _______ so that he could share God’s Law with the Israelites.

A

Torah

158
Q

What was Moses’ initial reaction when God asked him to free the Israelites?

A

He was unsure

God provided him with courage to fulfill his mission.

159
Q

What did God say to Moses when he asked for His name?

A

‘I Will Be What I Will Be’

This phrase signifies God’s eternal presence.

160
Q

What are the Ten Commandments?

A

Ten laws handed directly from God to Moses

They form a core part of the covenant with the Israelites.

161
Q

What is the ‘Promised Land’ in the context of the covenant with Moses?

A

The land that God promised to the Israelites

Its importance is a continuing theme in Jewish tradition.

162
Q

True or False: Moses was raised by his biological parents.

A

False

He was raised by Pharaoh’s family after being placed in a basket in the Nile.

163
Q

What is the Oral Torah?

A

A commentary on the written Torah

It provides explanations and descriptions of the laws.

164
Q

What is a covenant in Judaism?

A

A binding agreement between God and the Jewish people

The covenant signifies a special relationship, often exemplified by the agreements made with figures like Moses and Abraham.

165
Q

What is the Torah?

A

The central reference of the religious Judaic tradition, consisting of the first five books of the Hebrew Bible

The Torah outlines laws, teachings, and commandments for Jewish life.

166
Q

Define mitzvot.

A

Commandments or good deeds prescribed by Jewish law

Mitzvot are essential for ethical living and religious observance in Judaism.

167
Q

What are the Ten Commandments?

A

A set of biblical principles relating to ethics and worship in Judaism

The Ten Commandments are considered fundamental to Jewish law and moral conduct.

168
Q

What is the significance of the Ten Commandments in Judaism?

A

They form the basis for Jewish ethical practice and are central to Jewish belief

Jews are expected to keep these commandments as part of their faith.

169
Q

Who does the first commandment concern?

A

God

It emphasizes the covenant with Moses and the reason Jews celebrate Pesach.

170
Q

What does the second commandment reinforce?

A

Judaism as monotheistic

This commandment is a reason why there are no statues or images in synagogues.

171
Q

What does the commandment about the Sabbath require?

A

To keep it holy as a day of rest and worship

Shabbat is observed in synagogues and is central to Jewish life.

172
Q

What is the importance of honoring one’s father and mother?

A

Builds respect between generations and encourages gratitude

This commandment is linked to the longevity of life in the Promised Land.

173
Q

What is the belief about life in the commandment ‘You shall not murder’?

A

Life is sacred and must be protected

This belief is encapsulated in the concept of pikuach nefesh.

174
Q

What is the purpose of sex according to the commandment against adultery?

A

To be between a husband and wife for the purpose of procreation

Adultery is strictly forbidden in Jewish law.

175
Q

What does the commandment ‘You shall not steal’ emphasize?

A

Respect for other people and their possessions

This principle is crucial for maintaining a strong society.

176
Q

What is the importance of honesty as outlined in the commandments?

A

It builds a strong society

Being honest and fair is vital for communal trust.

177
Q

Fill in the blank: The Promised Land is also known as the _______.

A

Land of Israel

This land was promised to Abraham and is significant in Jewish history.

178
Q

What does Moses leading the Israelites to the Promised Land symbolize?

A

Their home and a place of sanctuary

It reinforces the special connection between the Jewish people and God.

179
Q

True or False: The covenant with Abraham is considered less important than the covenant with Moses.

A

False

The covenant with Abraham is foundational in Jewish tradition.

180
Q

List three reasons why the covenant with Moses is important for Jews.

A
  • It establishes a direct relationship with God
  • It provides the laws and commandments for ethical living
  • It signifies the liberation from slavery in Egypt
181
Q

State one source of wisdom to support the covenant with Moses.

A

The Torah

The Torah contains the laws and teachings given to Moses, reinforcing the covenant.

182
Q

What is the primary belief about the nature of humanity in Judaism?

A

Human life is the most important of God’s creations and is created in the image and likeness of God.

This belief indicates that humans have a special dignity and value given by God.

183
Q

What does Genesis 2:7 illustrate about human life in Judaism?

A

God formed man from the dust of the earth and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life, making man a living being.

This shows that a part of God (a soul) is given to each person.

184
Q

What is the concept of the sanctity of life in Judaism?

A

The belief that all human life has special and equal value because humans are created in God’s image and given a soul.

This belief underpins the idea that life must be treated with utmost reverence.

185
Q

How does the belief in the sanctity of life influence Jewish views on euthanasia?

A

Most Jews reject euthanasia as it contradicts the belief that God gives life and should choose when to end it.

Additionally, euthanasia may imply that those with lower quality of life are less valuable.

186
Q

According to Psalms 139:13-15, what does the scripture say about human creation?

A

God created each person with care, indicating that each individual is wonderfully made.

This emphasizes the inherent value of every human life.

187
Q

What is the definition of pikuach nefesh?

A

The obligation to save a life in need.

This principle is central to Jewish law and ethics.

188
Q

True or False: Judaism supports the practice of euthanasia.

A

False

Most Jews believe that life should be respected and protected until natural death.

189
Q

Fill in the blank: The belief that human life is sacred because it is a gift from God is known as _______.

A

sanctity of life

190
Q

What are some reasons Jews might oppose euthanasia?

A
  • God gives life and should choose when to end life
  • It may devalue lives of those with lower quality of life
  • Every person’s life should be cherished due to God’s relationship with them
191
Q

What does Genesis 1:26-27 reveal about human responsibility in Judaism?

A

Humans are given responsibility over other creatures, indicating their distinct and unique status.

This reinforces the belief in the value and significance of human life.

192
Q

What does pikuach nefesh mean in Judaism?

A

The action of saving a life in need

It is considered a moral duty due to the high value of human life.

193
Q

What are the three mitzvot that cannot be broken even to save a life?

A
  • Idolatry
  • Adultery
  • Murder

These mitzvot are considered absolute and cannot be violated even for the sake of saving a life.

194
Q

What is the significance of pikuach nefesh in relation to Shabbat?

A

It allows for breaking Shabbat rules to save a life

For example, driving an ill person to the hospital is permitted.

195
Q

What does the Talmud B Yoma 84b state about saving a life on the Sabbath?

A

One must remove debris to save a life

This illustrates the priority of saving life over Sabbath observance.

196
Q

What is the general view on self-defense in relation to pikuach nefesh?

A

Self-defense is acceptable if proportionate to the situation

However, killing for one’s own benefit is considered wrong.

197
Q

How does pikuach nefesh apply to a pregnant mother’s life at risk?

A

Abortion may be permitted to defend the established life of the mother

This reflects the balance between the lives involved.

198
Q

What does the toast ‘L’Chaim’ mean?

A

‘To life’

It is used to celebrate the joy in life and emphasizes the belief in the sanctity of life.

199
Q

What does the saying ‘One who saves a life, it is as if they had saved a whole world’ imply?

A

The immense value placed on each individual life

This highlights the sanctity of life in Jewish thought.

200
Q

Define the term mitzvot.

A

Commandments or good deeds in Judaism

They are considered essential practices in Jewish life.

201
Q

Define the term Shabbat.

A

A day of rest and worship for Jews

It is observed from Friday evening to Saturday evening.

202
Q

Define the term Shekhinah.

A

The presence of God in the world

It often refers to God’s dwelling among people.

203
Q

List three reasons why Jews believe life is to be valued.

A
  • Life is sacred because God created it
  • Each life has equal value
  • Human life is a gift from God

These beliefs underpin the Jewish perspective on the sanctity of life.

204
Q

State one source of wisdom to support the sanctity of life.

A

Jeremiah 1:5

This verse emphasizes God’s role in creating life.

205
Q

True or False: Pikuach nefesh allows for any mitzvot to be broken to save a life.

A

False

Only certain mitzvot may be broken; idolatry, adultery, and murder cannot.

206
Q

Give one Jewish response to the statement: ‘Pikuach nefesh is more important than keeping the mitzvot.’

A

The sanctity of life takes precedence over ritual observance

Saving a life is viewed as an essential moral duty.

207
Q

Do you agree with the Jewish belief that all life is sacred? Give two reasons for your view.

A

Personal opinion may vary but consider:
* Every individual has inherent value
* Life is a divine gift

This encourages reflection on the importance of life in various contexts.

208
Q

What are the mitzvot in Judaism?

A

The mitzvot are commandments given by God that form the basis of Jewish ethical behaviour.

209
Q

How many mitzvot are there in Judaism?

A

There are 613 mitzvot.

210
Q

What are the two categories of mitzvot?

A
  • Positive mitzvot: explain what actions can be done
  • Negative mitzvot: explain what actions cannot be done
211
Q

What is the significance of the mitzvot for Jews?

A

They instruct Jews on worship, treatment of others, dietary laws, and how to live, and are conditions of the covenant with Moses.

212
Q

What do Orthodox Jews believe about the mitzvot?

A

They believe it is important to keep as many mitzvot as possible to build a close relationship with God and that the mitzvot should not be changed.

213
Q

What is the Reform Jews’ view on mitzvot?

A

They recognize that some mitzvot cannot be followed due to societal changes and believe they should be interpreted to fit modern issues.

214
Q

What is the purpose of the mitzvot according to Judaism?

A

They serve as a moral guide to help individuals choose right from wrong using their free will.

215
Q

What does free will mean in the context of mitzvot?

A

Free will allows humans to choose to follow the mitzvot or not, making them accountable for their actions.

216
Q

What are yetzer ha tov and yetzer ha ra?

A
  • Yetzer ha tov: the tendency to do good actions
  • Yetzer ha ra: the tendency to do bad actions
217
Q

What is the role of mitzvot in relation to yetzer ha tov and yetzer ha ra?

A

Mitzvot are given to encourage individuals to increase yetzer ha tov and moral goodness.

218
Q

Fill in the blank: The word mitzvah means _______.

A

[commandment]

219
Q

True or False: God forces individuals to keep the mitzvot.

A

False

220
Q

What is a tallith?

A

A prayer shawl worn by Jews with tzitzit attached as a reminder of their obligation to keep the mitzvot.

221
Q

According to Judaism, what must a person do to give mitzvot moral meaning?

A

Freely decide to keep the mitzvot.

222
Q

What is the relationship between free will and the mitzvot?

A

Free will allows individuals to choose to follow the mitzvot, which is essential for moral accountability.

223
Q

What is the balance each person is born with according to Jewish teaching?

A

Each person is born with a balance of yetzer ha ra (evil inclination) and yetzer ha tov (good inclination)

This concept emphasizes the internal struggle between good and evil within every individual.

224
Q

What is the goal of Jews in relation to their inclinations?

A

Jews should try to keep the yetzer ha tov and do good actions to become better people

This reflects the importance of moral behavior and spiritual growth in Judaism.

225
Q

What are the two types of mitzvot?

A

Moral mitzvot and ritual mitzvot

Moral mitzvot focus on human interactions, while ritual mitzvot relate to the relationship with God.

226
Q

What do moral mitzvot explain about human life?

A

Moral mitzvot explain that human life has equal value and all humans should be treated with respect

This principle is foundational in creating fair societies.

227
Q

Give an example of a moral mitzvah.

A

‘You shall not murder’ (Exodus 20:13)

This mitzvah emphasizes the sanctity of human life.

228
Q

What do ritual mitzvot deal with?

A

Ritual mitzvot deal with how to show respect for God

They are important for establishing a strong relationship between individuals and God.

229
Q

Give an example of a ritual mitzvah.

A

‘You shall have no other gods besides Me’ (Exodus 20:3)

This mitzvah emphasizes monotheism in Judaism.

230
Q

What is Mitzvah Day?

A

A day when Jews give their time to make a difference in the community

It reflects the commitment to living out the mitzvot.

231
Q

What does tikkun olam mean?

A

‘Repairing’ or ‘perfecting’ the world

It encompasses efforts towards social justice and environmental care.

232
Q

What does gemilut hasadim mean?

A

Acts of loving-kindness

This concept encourages Jews to show kindness and help others.

233
Q

What does tzedakah mean?

A

‘Righteousness’ or ‘justice’

It emphasizes the importance of social justice and charity in Judaism.

234
Q

List three examples of Mitzvah Day projects.

A
  • Cooking meals for those in poverty
  • Litter picking in local parks
  • Creating care kits for the homeless

These projects reflect the values of community service and charity.

235
Q

Define the term mitzvot.

A

Commandments or good deeds in Judaism

Mitzvot guide ethical and ritual behavior.

236
Q

True or False: Jews have an obligation to keep the mitzvot.

A

False

There are differing opinions on the obligation to keep mitzvot among various Jewish communities.

237
Q

State one source of wisdom which shows a mitzvah.

A

‘Love your fellow as yourself’ (Leviticus 19:18)

This verse illustrates the ethical imperative of treating others with respect and kindness.

238
Q

Do you think that tikkun olam is important for Jews? Give two reasons for your view.

A
  1. It promotes social justice
  2. It encourages environmental stewardship

These reasons highlight the broader impact of Jewish values on society and the planet.

239
Q

What is the term for the afterlife in Judaism?

A

olam ha-ba

Olam ha-ba translates to ‘the world to come’ in Hebrew.

240
Q

What is the term for life on earth in Judaism?

A

olam ha-ze

Olam ha-ze means ‘this world’ in Hebrew.

241
Q

What is the primary focus of Jewish beliefs regarding life after death?

A

Living a good life in the here and now

Judaism emphasizes ethical living and following the Torah rather than speculating about the afterlife.

242
Q

What do many Jews believe about the soul after death?

A

The soul is immortal

Many Jews believe that the soul lives on after the death of the body.

243
Q

What is Gan Eden in Jewish belief?

A

Heaven

Gan Eden is often referred to as the Garden of Eden and represents a place of reward for the righteous.

244
Q

What is Gehenna in Jewish belief?

A

A place of suffering and torment

Gehenna is traditionally seen as a place for those who have not lived good lives.

245
Q

What is Sheol in Jewish belief?

A

A place of waiting and purification

Originally viewed as a dark place for all souls, it is now seen as a transitional area.

246
Q

What do some Jews believe about reincarnation?

A

The soul is reborn into a new body

A small number of Jews believe in reincarnation and the importance of improving the world.

247
Q

How do Orthodox Jews view resurrection?

A

They believe in the resurrection of the body during olam ha-ba

Orthodox Jews hold that the soul will be resurrected with the body in the afterlife.

248
Q

How do Reform Jews differ in their beliefs about resurrection?

A

They reject physical resurrection but some believe the soul continues to live on

Reform Jews do not forbid cremation due to their belief in the non-physical nature of the afterlife.

249
Q

What is the significance of performing good deeds in Judaism?

A

It should be done for its own sake, not for a reward in the afterlife

The Ethics of the Fathers emphasizes the importance of acting rightly without expectation of reward.

250
Q

Fill in the blank: Life after death is not a big focus in Judaism; it is considered better to concentrate on doing _______.

A

good

This includes charitable actions and ethical living.

251
Q

What is the focus of Judaism regarding death?

A

Judaism focuses on doing good, such as charity, rather than worrying about the afterlife.

252
Q

How do Jewish beliefs about judgement differ?

A

Judaism teaches that God will judge all humans based on how they lived their lives and followed the mitzvot.

253
Q

What event do some Jews believe will happen after the arrival of the Messiah?

A

A Day of Judgement where all people, living and dead, will be judged.

254
Q

What happens to those who have followed the yetzer ha tov?

A

They will receive a good judgement on the final Day of Judgement.

255
Q

What is Rosh Hashanah in Judaism?

A

An important festival where Jews reflect on their actions of the previous year and recognize their misdeeds.

256
Q

What is the purpose of the ten days between Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur?

A

To make up for bad deeds and atone for sins before entering the new year.

257
Q

What do Orthodox Jews believe about resurrection?

A

They believe in the resurrection of the body during the Messianic Age.

258
Q

What is one of the Thirteen Principles of Faith in Judaism?

A

The belief in the resurrection of the dead.

259
Q

Why do Orthodox Jews oppose cremation and organ donation?

A

Because they believe the body should be left intact for resurrection.

260
Q

What are cemeteries referred to as in Judaism?

A

Houses of Life.

261
Q

What do most Reform Jews believe about resurrection?

A

They reject physical resurrection but believe the soul continues to live on after death.

262
Q

What is a significant teaching regarding how a person lives on after death?

A

A person will live on in the memories of others.

263
Q

Define the term ‘Messiah’ in Judaism.

A

[key learning term]

264
Q

Define the term ‘Shekhinah’ in Judaism.

A

[key learning term]

265
Q

Define the term ‘Shabbat’ in Judaism.

A

[key learning term]

266
Q

List three Orthodox Jewish beliefs about the afterlife.

A
  • Resurrection of the body
  • Righteous will be resurrected
  • Belief in a Messianic Age
267
Q

State one source of wisdom to support the Orthodox belief in resurrection.

A

[key learning term]

268
Q

True or False: It is important for Jews to focus on the afterlife.

A

False.

269
Q

What are two reasons someone might think the afterlife is important in Judaism?

A

[key learning term], [key learning term]

rs (8 decks)

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