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Good And Evil Flashcards

1
Q

What is the meaning of ‘evil’?

A

A concept that denotes profound immorality and wrongdoing.

It often refers to actions or events that cause harm or suffering.

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2
Q

What does ‘suffering’ mean?

A

The state of undergoing pain, distress, or hardship.

It can be physical, emotional, or psychological.

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3
Q

What is ‘Original Sin’?

A

The doctrine that all humans inherit a fallen state due to Adam and Eve’s disobedience.

This concept is foundational in Christian theology regarding human nature.

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4
Q

What significant event is described in Genesis 3?

A

The story of Adam and Eve’s disobedience and the consequence of eating from the Tree of Knowledge.

This act led to their expulsion from the Garden of Eden.

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5
Q

Give examples of natural and moral evil.

A
  • Natural evil: earthquakes, floods
  • Moral evil: theft, murder

Natural evil refers to suffering caused by natural events, while moral evil refers to harm caused by human actions.

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6
Q

What does the term ‘privation’ mean in the context of St. Augustine’s teachings?

A

The absence or lack of good, which is the basis of evil.

Augustine believed that evil is not a substance but a privation of good.

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7
Q

What do Catholic Christians believe about God’s goodness?

A

God is inherently good and the source of all goodness.

This belief is central to Catholic theology.

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8
Q

How can evidence of God’s goodness be found in the Genesis accounts?

A

Through the creation narrative and the declaration that creation is ‘good’.

The Genesis account emphasizes God’s intention and benevolence in creation.

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9
Q

What are the ‘omni’ words used to describe the qualities of God?

A
  • Omnipotent
  • Omniscient
  • Omnibenevolent
  • Omnipresent

These terms describe God’s all-powerful, all-knowing, all-good, and all-present nature.

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10
Q

True or False: The existence of God is challenged by the idea of inconsistent triad.

A

True.

The inconsistent triad posits that the existence of evil contradicts the existence of an all-good, all-powerful God.

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11
Q

Who is Mackie, and what does he believe about the existence of evil?

A

A philosopher who argues that the existence of evil poses a challenge to the belief in an all-good, all-powerful God.

His work has contributed significantly to the problem of evil in philosophy.

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12
Q

Name the three persons of the Trinity.

A
  • Father
  • Son
  • Holy Spirit

The Trinity is central to Christian belief, representing one God in three persons.

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13
Q

What happened at the baptism of Jesus?

A

The Holy Spirit descended upon Jesus, and a voice from Heaven proclaimed Him as God’s Son.

This event signifies the beginning of Jesus’ public ministry.

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14
Q

How are the three persons of the Trinity shown in the baptism of Jesus?

A

The Father (voice), the Son (Jesus), and the Holy Spirit (dove).

This moment illustrates the unity of the Trinity.

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15
Q

What is the significance of the sign of the cross in Catholicism?

A

It is a gesture that expresses belief in the Trinity.

The sign of the cross is often made before prayer as an act of faith.

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16
Q

What is the Nicene Creed?

A

A statement of faith that outlines core Christian beliefs.

It affirms belief in one God and the Trinity.

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17
Q

How is the Trinity represented in the Nicene Creed?

A

Through affirmations of belief in the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.

The Creed articulates the relationship and co-equality of the three persons.

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18
Q

What did St. Augustine write about the Trinity?

A

He described the Trinity using the analogy of love, lover, and beloved.

This analogy helps to explain the relational nature of the Trinity.

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19
Q

What does ‘Paschal Mystery’ refer to?

A

The passion, death, resurrection, and ascension of Jesus Christ.

It is central to Christian faith, particularly in the context of Easter.

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20
Q

List the events that happened in the last week of Jesus’ life.

A
  • Triumphal Entry
  • Last Supper
  • Crucifixion
  • Resurrection

These events are commemorated during Holy Week.

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21
Q

What does ‘incarnation’ mean?

A

The belief that God became flesh in the person of Jesus Christ.

This doctrine emphasizes the dual nature of Christ as both divine and human.

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22
Q

What is the significance of the crucifixion of Jesus?

A

It represents the ultimate sacrifice for the redemption of humanity’s sins.

The crucifixion is central to the Christian understanding of salvation.

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23
Q

What are Rosary beads?

A

A string of beads used to count prayers in the Catholic tradition.

They are commonly associated with the Hail Mary prayer.

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24
Q

How do Catholics pray the Rosary for those who are suffering?

A

By meditating on the mysteries of Jesus’ life while reciting prayers.

This practice is a means of intercession and comfort.

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25
How are Rosary beads divided?
Into mysteries, each representing a different part of Jesus' life. ## Footnote The mysteries guide the prayer focus during the Rosary.
26
Why do Catholic Christians use statues or paintings?
To visually express their faith and devotion. ## Footnote These representations serve as reminders of holy figures and events.
27
What is Michelangelo's 'Pieta' statue?
A sculpture depicting Mary holding the dead body of Jesus. ## Footnote The 'Pieta' conveys themes of grief and compassion.
28
What does the 'Pieta' show Catholics about suffering?
It illustrates the depth of Mary's suffering and the reality of loss. ## Footnote This representation resonates with the human experience of grief.
29
What is a 'moral authority'?
An individual or entity regarded as a source of ethical guidance. ## Footnote Moral authorities can influence beliefs and behaviors in society.
30
What happened during the Sermon on the Mount?
Jesus taught key principles including 'love your neighbor'. ## Footnote This sermon includes many foundational teachings of Christianity.
31
What are the Beatitudes?
Blessed statements made by Jesus that describe the attitudes of those who are part of God's kingdom. ## Footnote Examples include 'Blessed are the poor in spirit' and 'Blessed are the merciful'.
32
What is Natural Law?
A moral theory that posits that human beings can discern right from wrong through reason. ## Footnote It reflects God's goodness as it aligns with natural moral order.
33
What is the conscience in Catholic teaching?
An inner sense of right and wrong that guides moral decision-making. ## Footnote Catholics are encouraged to form and follow their conscience in ethical matters.
34
What does Pope John Paul II believe about suffering?
He views suffering as a means of participating in Christ's redemptive work. ## Footnote His writings emphasize the transformative power of suffering.
35
What is a pilgrimage?
A journey to a holy site for spiritual purposes. ## Footnote Pilgrimages are undertaken for reflection, prayer, and seeking grace.
36
What happened to St. Bernadette at Lourdes?
She experienced visions of the Virgin Mary, leading to the establishment of a pilgrimage site. ## Footnote Lourdes is now known for its healing waters and is significant for many Catholics.
37
Why is Lourdes important to Catholic Christians?
It is a site of miraculous healings and spiritual renewal. ## Footnote Lourdes holds deep significance in Catholic devotion and belief in intercession.
38
What do Catholics believe about the nature of God?
God is good and He created humans with free will to choose good or bad.
39
What is the meaning of suffering according to Catholic belief?
Suffering can help people grow spiritually and get closer to God.
40
Define the Trinity in Christianity.
The belief that God is three persons in one: the Father, the Son (Jesus Christ), and the Holy Spirit.
41
What is the Nicene Creed?
A statement of Christian belief that describes the Trinity and affirms belief in one God, the Father Almighty.
42
What does the story of Job illustrate in relation to suffering?
Job's faithfulness despite suffering shows that one can trust in God even in difficult times.
43
How does St. Augustine explain the concept of love in relation to the Trinity?
The Father is the lover, the Son is the loved, and the Holy Spirit is the love that flows between them.
44
What is the 'inconsistent triad'?
The idea that God is omnipotent, wholly good, and evil exists, which cannot all be true at the same time.
45
True or False: Judaism accepts the concept of the Trinity.
False.
46
What does J.L. Mackie add to the problem of evil using the 'Inconsistent Triad'?
If something is wholly good, it eliminates as much evil as it can; if something is omnipotent, it can do anything.
47
Who is the Incarnate Son according to Christian belief?
Jesus, who is both fully God and fully human.
48
What does William Rowe argue regarding suffering?
Intense suffering provides strong evidence against the existence of an all-powerful, all-good God.
49
What is Original Sin?
The belief that all humans inherit a sinful nature from Adam and Eve.
50
What is 'The Fall' in Christian theology?
The event when Adam and Eve disobeyed God by eating from the Tree of Knowledge, bringing sin into the world.
51
What is the consequence of Original Sin according to Christian belief?
Humans experience suffering, death, and a tendency to sin, affecting their relationship with God.
52
What does St. Augustine say about evil?
Evil is not a thing in itself, but the absence of good.
53
How does Judaism view the concept of evil?
Evil is seen as a result of human choices, not something inherited.
54
What is the Kenosis Hymn?
A Bible passage from Philippians 2:5-11 that discusses Jesus being humble and giving up His divine privileges.
55
What is 'Salvifici Doloris'?
A document by Pope John Paul II explaining how suffering can be meaningful when connected to Jesus's suffering.
56
Who do Christians look to for guidance in living a good life?
Jesus ## Footnote Christians believe Jesus is the Son of God and the ultimate source of moral authority.
57
What does Jesus explain in Matthew 5-7?
He came to complete and perfect the teachings of the Old Testament, emphasizing inner goodness over mere rule-following.
58
What are the Beatitudes?
Blessings Jesus gives to those who live according to God's will, such as 'Blessed are the meek, for they shall inherit the earth.'
59
What is the Love Commandment taught by Jesus?
The importance of loving your neighbours and your enemies.
60
How do Jews view Jesus?
As a historical figure and teacher, but not as a divine figure or the Messiah.
61
What does moral authority mean?
Having the power or right to tell people what is right and wrong based on ethical principles.
62
What is Natural Law?
The belief that there are universal moral principles that everyone knows, given by God.
63
What role does conscience play in moral decision-making?
It is the inner sense of right and wrong that helps people make decisions.
64
How does Natural Law and conscience relate to God's goodness?
They show that God is good because He gave humans the ability to understand and choose good.
65
What is the role of suffering according to Christian teachings?
It can help people develop virtues like patience, compassion, and humility.
66
What does the Jewish perspective say about conscience?
Many Jews consider conscience as the 'small voice' guiding actions.
67
What sources of moral authority do Jews use?
The Torah, teachings of rabbis, and the mitzvot rules.
68
What are the three major pilgrimage festivals in Judaism?
Passover, Shavuot, and Sukkot.
69
What is the significance of statues and sculptures in Catholic worship?
They help people focus on prayer and reflection, serving as visual reminders of faith.
70
What does Michelangelo's Pieta represent?
The sorrow and suffering of Mary and the sacrifice of Jesus.
71
Why are statues of Mary important in Catholic churches?
They honor Mary and help believers remember her role in Jesus' life.
72
What is the Jewish perspective on using statues and sculptures in worship?
They generally do not use them because it can lead to idolatry, which is forbidden.
73
What is the Western Wall?
The last remaining part of the ancient Jewish Temple in Jerusalem.
74
What is the Rosary?
Prayer beads involving repeated prayers such as the Hail Mary and the Our Father.

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