RPH MIDTERMS Flashcards
is debated by historians because of conflicting
accounts from different leaders and the lack of written records.
The date of the Cry of Pugad Lawin
is significant because it marked the beginning of the Philippine Revolution against Spanish rule
The Cry of Pugad Lawin
The main action associated with the Cry of Rebellion, according to historian Teodoro Agoncillo, was the ___________, symbolizing the rejection of Spanish oppression
Tearing of Cedulas
Teodoro Agoncillo defines the “___” as the decision to revolt, which was symbolized by the tearing of the cedulas after the Katipunan leaders agreed to rise against Spanish rule
Cry
also takes the “Cry” to mean the pagpupunit, but says it happened before the decision to revolt had been taken.
Isagani R. Medina
takes the “Cry” (the view)– the traditional view that KKK
veterans took, she says - that the “Cry” should mean the unang labanan.
Soledad Borromeo-Buehler
in the Philippines commemorates the sacrifices and contributions of Filipino heroes, particularly the events surrounding the Cry of Pugad Lawin.
National Heroes Day
in 1911 mentions the decision was made in Kangkong on August 23, 1896.
Pio Valenzuela’s account
Pio Valenzuela’s account in 1917 mentions Says the decision to revolt was taken by the General Assembly on August 23 at the house of Melchora Aquino on Daan malalim, “in Pasong Tamo, also known as ____
Pacpac-lawin
in his two separate accounts (1929 and 1957) places the Cry of Rebellion in Kangkong on August 26, 1896.
Guillermo Masangkay
recalls witnessing the debate in Kangkong but not the final decision.
Briccio Pantas
states the decision occurred in Kangkong on August 26, 1896.
Vicente Samson
asserts the first cry occurred at Kankong on August 26, 1896
Julio Nakpil
is the disagreement on the exact date and location
of the Cry. Different historical accounts, like those of Pio Valenzuela (August 23) and Guillermo Masangkay (August 26), place the Cry in different locations (e.g., Kangkong or Bahay Toro) on different dates. The lack of clear documentation fuels the confusion.
The controversy on Cry of Rebellion
in his account mentions that the decision was taken at
Kangkong, then moved to Pugad Lawin where the cedulas were torn.
Cipriano Pacheco (1933)
in his account that the decision taken at Kangkong on August 26.
Vicente Samson (1961)
took place on March 22, 1897 in Tejeros, Cavite, and was
significant for its role in the leadership dispute among Filipino revolutionary leaders
The Tejeros Convention
was elected president during the Tejeros Convention, effectively shifting leadership from Andres Bonifacio, who was then the head of the Katipunan.
Emilio Aguinaldo
opposed Bonifacio’s election as Director of the Interior, citing Bonifacio’s lack of a formal legal background.
Daniel Tirona
was based on his belief that Bonifacio, lacking legal training, was unfit for the position of Director of the Interior.
Daniel Tirona’s objection
stated that the election results should be respected regardless of social status in order to ensure equality and democratic processes within the revolutionary government.
Bonifacio
showed his strong leadership style and his
refusal to back down from decisions made by the assembly, despite disagreements.
Bonifacio’s response to Tirona’s objection
were divided mainly over control of political and
military positions, with the Magdalo faction, led by Aguinaldo, eventually gaining
dominance.
The Magdiwang and Magdalo factions
was held on March 22, 1897.
The Tejeros Convention
was controversial for several reasons. Emilio Aguinaldo’s
absence raised doubts about the legitimacy of the election, as he was a key leader in the
Magdalo faction. The convention’s original agenda focused on military strategy, but the
sudden shift to electing leaders caused confusion and was seen as a move to secure
leadership positions for certain factions. Additionally, the absence of key Katipunan
representatives led to concerns that the decisions made did not reflect the broader
movement’s interests. Lastly, Andres Bonifacio, who was present, believed the election
was manipulated to favor Aguinaldo, especially after Daniel Tirona objected to his
appointment, prompting Bonifacio to reject the election as unfair.
The Tejeros Convention
was elected as the Vice President during the Tejeros Convention held on March 22, 1897
Mariano Trias
Bonifacio wrote the __________ to express his objections to the results of the Tejeros
Convention election, stating his dissatisfaction with the process.
Acta de Tejeros
was written by Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista on June 12, 1898, proclaiming the sovereignty of the Philippines from Spanish rule.
The Act of the Declaration of Philippine Independence
was to proclaim the Philippines’ independence from Spanish colonial rule, asserting the country’s right to self-governance.
The declaration’s purpose
enumerated the abuses of Spanish rule to justify the
revolution and highlight the moral authority of the Filipino people in seeking freedom.
The declaration of independence
in the Philippine flag symbolize the eight provinces that first revolted against Spanish rule during the revolution.
The eight rays of the sun
The document “_______________________” was written in Spanish
Acta de la Proclamacion de Independencia del Pueblo Filipina
was redesigned to include three stars representing Luzon, Mindanao, and Panay.
The Philippine flag
was not recognized by the United States and
Spain.
The Declaration of Philippine Independence
has several controversies. First, the document overlooks significant issues like the land
and agrarian crisis that deeply affected Filipino peasants, focusing instead on general
revolutionary sentiments. Additionally, while the Katipunan is mentioned, there is no
reference to its foundation or to Andres Bonifacio and his co-founders, which raises
questions about the omission of key figures in the struggle for independence. These
omissions have led to debates over the document’s selective portrayal of history.
The Act of the Declaration of Philippine Independence by Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista
The United States granted independence to the Philippines on ____________. This marked
the end of nearly 50 years of American colonial rule.
July 4, 1946
President Diosdado Macapagal signed into law Republic Act No. 4166 designating June 12 as the country’s Independence Day.
1964
became president of the Philippines after the assassination of her husband, Ninoy Aquino, in 1983, and the subsequent widespread opposition to Ferdinand Marcos.
Corazon Aquino
was triggered by the snap elections, which were widely believed to be fraudulent, and by the outpouring of public support for Corazon Aquino following Ninoy Aquino’s assassination.
The People Power Revolution in 1986
was the first female President of the Philippines.
Corazon Aquino
was the widow of Benigno Aquino Jr., a prominent political figure who strongly opposed Ferdinand Marcos. She had no prior political experience but came from
a wealthy family, the Cojuangco family, who owned large sugar plantations. Corazon Aquino was not a politician like her late husband, but after his assassination, she
became a symbol of resistance against the Marcos dictatorship.
Corazon Aquino
a snap election was held between Ferdinand Marcos and Corazon Aquino. Although Aquino was believed to have won, the election was marred by allegations of fraud. This sparked protests, and the People Power Revolution took place, urging the ousting of Marcos. Aquino assumed the presidency after Marcos fled the
country, and she became the symbol of the people’s struggle for democracy.
In February 1986
