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Preliminary Examination Reviewer > Advance English Grammar (MidTerms) > Flashcards

Advance English Grammar (MidTerms) Flashcards

1
Q

are words (or phrases) you substitute for nouns when your reader or listener already knows which noun you’re referring to.

A

Pronouns

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2
Q

are pronouns that are used to relate one part of the sentence to another. Some examples of relative pronouns are that, which, where, when, why, what, whom and whose.

A

Relative Pronouns

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3
Q

are pronouns that are used to show possession. Some examples of possessive pronouns are mine, yours, his, hers, theirs and its.

A

Possessive Pronouns

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4
Q

are pronouns that are used to refer back to the subject in the sentence. Some examples of reflexive pronouns are myself, yourself, herself, himself, oneself, itself, ourselves, themselves and yourselves.

A

Reflexive Pronouns

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5
Q

are pronouns that are used to point to specific objects. Some examples of demonstrative pronouns are this, that, these and those.

A

Demonstrative Pronouns

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6
Q

are pronouns that are used to ask questions. Some examples of interrogative pronouns are who, what, when, why and where.

A

Interrogative Pronouns

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7
Q

are pronouns that do not refer to any particular person, place or thing. Some examples of indefinite pronouns are someone, somebody, somewhere, something, anyone, anybody, anywhere, anything, no one, nobody, nowhere, everyone, everybody,

A

Indefinite Pronouns

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8
Q

are simple pronouns that are used to substitute proper names. Some examples of personal pronouns are I, you, he, she, we, they, him, her, he, she, us and them.

A

Personal Pronouns

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9
Q

are pronouns that perform the action in a sentence. Some examples of subject pronouns are I, you, we, he, she, it, they and one.

A

Subject Pronouns

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10
Q

are pronouns that receive the action in a sentence. Some examples of object pronouns are me, us, him, her and them.

A

Object Pronouns

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11
Q

are pronouns that are used to express a mutual relationship. Some examples of reciprocal pronouns are each other and one another.

A

Reciprocal Pronouns

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12
Q

are the same as reflexive pronouns, with the only difference being that you can remove the intensive pronoun from the sentence, and the sentence would still make sense.

A

Intensive Pronouns

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13
Q

refers to the way that a pronoun functions in a sentence, whether nominative, objective or possessive. Nouns can be both subjects and objects, so a pronoun must be able to take the form of either.

A

case

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14
Q

The pronoun antecedent is the noun that the pronoun is replacing. The antecedent can be a masculine, feminine or neutral word, and it determines which pronoun should be used.

A

Gender

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15
Q

just like gender, the number property of a pronoun depends on the antecedent. Number refers to how many there are, so if there is only one, a singular pronoun should be used.

A

Number

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16
Q

the property of person depends upon the point of view, or relationship between the speaker and the pronoun antecedent.

A

Person

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17
Q

such as “I,” “me,” “mine,” “us” and “ours,” refer to the person, place or thing that

A

First person personal pronouns

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18
Q

like “you,” “your” and “yours,” refer to the person who is being spoken to. Did “you” go to the store?

A

Second person pronouns

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19
Q

such as “he,” “she,” “it,” “they” and “them,” refers to who or what is being spoken about. “They” went to the store. “She” went to the store, too.

A

Third person

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20
Q

An antecedent is the word that comes before (i.e., precedes) the pronoun to provide the necessary context.

A

Pronoun–Antecedent Agreement

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21
Q

Pronouns can replace singular nouns (one person, place, or thing) or plural nouns (two or more people, places, or things).

A

Agreement in Quantity

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22
Q

Antecedents can sometimes consist of two nouns joined by a conjunction, creating a compound subject that needs to be replaced with a plural pronoun:

A

Compound subject

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23
Q

are the action words in a sentence that describe what the subject is doing. Along with nouns verbs are the main part of a sentence or phrase, telling a story about what is taking place.

A

Verbs

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24
Q

a verb is transitive when the sentence’s meaning passes directly from the subject through the verb into the subject. They needed to have one or more objects to complete the purpose of the sentence. Requires an object to receive the action.

A

Transitive Verbs

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25
Q

these are verbs that do not take a direct object to complete the purpose of the sentence. Doesn’t require a direct object.

A

Intransitive Verbs

26
Q

Describe subjects by connecting it to an adjective/noun. It doesn’t show an action. It connects to an adjective: look, sound, appear, feel, smell, stay, grow. It connects to a noun: is, are, stative verbs (think, love, smell, have, look, sound, appear)

A

Linking Verb

27
Q

are also known as helping verbs, are minor verbs that support the sentence’s main verb to communicate complex grammar concepts (be, can, could, do, have, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would) e.g. I have swept the floor. (the auxiliary verb have supports the main verb swept)

A

Auxiliary Verbs

28
Q

modal verbs show possibility, intent, ability or necessity. Common examples of modal verbs include, can, should, must.

A

Modal

29
Q

verbs can be either first person, second person or third person. This property tells us whether the action was taken by the speaker, the person spoken to, or a separate third party.

A

Person

30
Q

the number property indicates whether the subject of the verb is one person/thing or multiple people/things. (The subject is who/what is doing the verb.) It indicates if the subject is singular or plural.

A

Number

31
Q

the tense property of a verb tells us when the action took place and indicates whether or not it is a continuous or completed action. Tells when the action took place.

A

Tense

32
Q

the mood indicates how the action is being expressed. Tells the mood of the verb itself.

A

Mood

33
Q

we have two options for the voice property. The active voice and the passive voice.

A

Voice

34
Q

the base is the root of a verb. It is without any endings such as -s-, -ing-, and -ed-. No changes or suffixes added to the verb. (love, drink, buy, sing, write, read)

A

Base Form

35
Q

the infinitive form of a verb is the verb in its basic form. Presents an action as an idea. Can be used as noun or adjective. In other words, it cannot be the main verb in the sentence. Preceded by “to”.

A

Infinitive form

36
Q

participates are a particular form of a verb that can be used as noun or adjective.

A

Principle

37
Q

acts as noun in the sentence. The word that describes the action that is happening, like “biking”, “thinking”, “running”, or “speaking”

A

Gerund

38
Q

is a grammatical rule in English that ensures the verb in a sentence matches the subject in terms of number (singular or plural) and person (first, second, or third)

A

Subject-verb agreement

39
Q

Singular subject takes singular verbs, and plural subjects take plural verbs.

A

Basic Rule

40
Q

If two subjects are joined by “and”, use a plural verb.

A

Compound Subjects Joined by “And”

41
Q

If the subjects refer to a single entity, use a singular verb.

A

Exception

42
Q

When subjects are joining by or or nor, the verb should agree with the subject closest to it.

A

Subjects joined by “or” or “nor”

43
Q

(e.g. each, everyone, everybody, someone) take singular verbs.

A

Singular Indefinite Pronouns

44
Q

(e.g. several, few, both, many) take plural verbs

A

Plural Indefinite Pronouns

45
Q

Indefinite Pronouns as Subjects

A

 Singular Indefinite Pronouns
 Plural Indefinite Pronouns

46
Q

(e.g. team, family, group) may take a singular or plural verb, depending on whether the group is acting as a single unit or individuals.

A

Collective Nouns

47
Q

Some nouns are plural in form but singular in meaning (e.g. news, mathematics, physics)

A

Subjects that appear plural but are singular

48
Q

These expressions do not change the number of the subject. The verb agrees with the main subject.

A

With expressions like “along with”, “as well as”, and “in addition to”

49
Q

Titles of works, even if plural in form, take a singular verb.

A

Titles of books, movies, or other works

50
Q

take a singular verb when they refer to a total amount but a plural verb when they refer to individual items.

A

Quantifiers and amounts

51
Q

In sentences starting with there or here, the verb agrees with the subject that follows it.

A

Inverted sentences (starting with “there” or “here”)

52
Q

are words that describe the qualities or states of being of nouns: enormous, doglike, silly, yellow, fun, fast. They can also describe the quantity of nouns: many, few, millions, eleven.

A

Adjectives

53
Q

As you may already know, adjectives are words that modify (describe) nouns

A

Adjectives modify nouns

54
Q

Adjectives tell the reader what kind of something you’re talking about, or how much or how many of something you’re talking about.

A

Uses of adjectives

55
Q

Adjectives come in three forms, known as degrees: absolute, comparative, and superlative.

A

Degrees of adjectives

55
Q

describe something in its own right.

A

Absolute adjectives

56
Q

unsurprisingly, make a comparison between two or more things.

A

Comparative adjectives

57
Q

some use -er to form the comparative while others use the word more.
more rigid, more awful, more beautiful, more fun, more garrulous, more careful, more modern, more delicious
Simple-simpler, clever-cleverer, narrow-narrower, gentle-gentler, happy-happier, lucky-luckier, quiet-quieter

A

two-syllable adjectives

58
Q

indicate that something has the highest degree of the quality in question.

A

Superlative adjectives

59
Q

become superlatives by adding the suffix -est (or just -st for adjectives that already end in e)
coolest, messiest, happiest, tallest, shortest, weakest, sweetest, fastest, softest, brightest, oldest, darkest, biggest, slowest, newest

A

One-syllable adjectives

60
Q

some two-syllable adjectives use -est to form the superlative while others use the word most.
most interesting, most beautiful, most wonderful, most handsome, most humble, most confident, most rigid, most careful, most generous, most honest, most famous, most peaceful, most useful, most difficult, most expensive, most complex, most important, most common, most awful

A

comparative

61
Q

ending in -y replace -y with -iest.
Happiest, funniest, silliest, laziest, messiest, tastiest, luckiest, shiniest, friendliest, loneliest, noisiest, busiest, stickiest

A

Two-syllable adjectives

Preliminary Examination Reviewer (8 decks)

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