RPH MIDTERM 2 Flashcards
What is the contemporary purpose of studying history, according to Geoffrey Barraclough?
A. To predict the future
B. To understand the consequences of the past on the present
C. To document events chronologically
D. To memorize facts about the past
To understand the consequences of the past on the present
What is “multiperspectivity” in historical studies?
A. A method to write history with minimal bias
B. An approach that incorporates multiple viewpoints to provide a richer understanding of events
C. A technique used to simplify historical narratives
D. A process to remove ambiguities in historical records
An approach that incorporates multiple viewpoints to provide a richer understanding of events
The poem “Sa Aking Mga Kababata” is traditionally attributed to Jose Rizal, but historians question this because:
A. It does not exist in Spanish archives
B. There is no manuscript in Rizal’s handwriting
C. It was written in English, a language Rizal never used
D. It references events that occurred after Rizal’s death
There is no manuscript in Rizal’s handwriting
What evidence supports the claim that the first Mass was held in Limasawa?
A. Pigafetta’s travel journal and a monument erected in 1872
B. The journal entries of Francisco Albo and Pigafetta’s maps
C. The testimony of Rajah Humabon
D. An inscription found in Cebu
The journal entries of Francisco Albo and Pigafetta’s maps
According to Antonio Pigafetta, where was the first Mass in the Philippines held?
A. Cebu
B. Limasawa
C. Bolinao
D. Masao
Limasawa
Who was the priest that officiated the first Mass in the Philippines, according to historical accounts?
A. Father Juan de Plasencia
B. Father Andres de Urdaneta
C. Father Pedro Valderrama
D. Father Diego Silang
Father Pedro Valderrama
The Cavite Mutiny of 1872 was significant because it:
A. Led to the establishment of a Filipino government
B. Sparked Spanish retaliation against reform-minded Filipinos
C. Ended Spanish rule in the Philippines
D. Initiated widespread military reforms
Sparked Spanish retaliation against reform-minded Filipinos
The execution of the priests GOMBURZA after the Cavite Mutiny had what effect on Filipino sentiment?
A. It suppressed calls for independence
B. It discouraged further uprisings
C. It fueled nationalistic fervor and martyrdom
D. It led to immediate independence
It fueled nationalistic fervor and martyrdom
What was the primary reason the Cavite Mutiny began?
A. High taxes on Filipino priests
B. A withdrawal of tax exemptions for Filipino workers
C. Disputes over religious practices
D. Introduction of new trade laws
A withdrawal of tax exemptions for Filipino workers
The Cry of Rebellion is historically remembered as:
A. The formal call to arms against Spanish rule
B. A declaration of loyalty to the Spanish crown
C. The conclusion of the Philippine Revolution
D. A peaceful resolution between Spaniards and Filipinos
The formal call to arms against Spanish rule
What action symbolized the Filipinos’ defiance in the Cry of Balintawak?
A. Signing a declaration of independence
B. Burning Spanish flags
C. Tearing their cedulas (tax certificates)
D. Destroying Spanish churches
Tearing their cedulas (tax certificates)
Which date and place are officially recognized for the Cry of Rebellion?
A. August 23, 1896, at Pugad Lawin
B. August 26, 1896, at Bahay Toro
C. September 5, 1896, at Caloocan
D. August 20, 1896, at Manila
August 23, 1896, at Pugad Lawin
What does Geoffrey Barraclough describe as a key aspect of history?
A. Predicting future events
B. Analyzing the past only through primary sources
C. Making sense of the past based on available evidence
D. Erasing bias from historical records
Making sense of the past based on available evidence
In historical study, what are historians primarily responsible for doing?
A. Collecting and interpreting facts to construct a coherent narrative
B. Creating hypothetical scenarios based on past events
C. Ensuring all past records are without bias
D. Publishing all documents found without analysis
Collecting and interpreting facts to construct a coherent narrative
Which of the following best describes “multiperspectivity”?
A. A focus on a single narrative to avoid confusion
B. Looking at events, cultures, and societies from multiple perspectives
C. Writing historical accounts from an objective point of view only
D. Avoiding controversial interpretations of history
Looking at events, cultures, and societies from multiple perspectives
The mythical Code of Kalantiaw, although disproven, shows how:
A. Hoaxes can influence historical beliefs
B. All historical documents must be factual
C. Myths are often rooted in solid evidence
D. Only foreign sources are reliable for history
Hoaxes can influence historical beliefs
What challenge does “multiperspectivity” present in historical study?
A. Simplifying events to fit one perspective
B. Creating consensus on a single interpretation
C. Navigating discrepancies, ambiguities, and conflicting evidence
D. Validating all perspectives as factual
Navigating discrepancies, ambiguities, and conflicting evidence
Why is the authorship of “Sa Aking Mga Kababata” questioned by historians?
A. It is written in a language Rizal never learned
B. There are no primary sources linking Rizal directly to the poem
C. The poem’s content is entirely unrelated to Rizal’s other works
D. Rizal openly denounced the poem in his letters
There are no primary sources linking Rizal directly to the poem
Why might historians reach different conclusions about the same historical event?
A. They follow different methods of research
B. They interpret primary sources in varied contexts and biases
C. They prioritize modern perspectives over older sources
D. They are influenced by myths more than evidence
They interpret primary sources in varied contexts and biases
According to Pigafetta’s account, on what date was the first Mass in the Philippines celebrated?
A. March 25, 1521
B. March 31, 1521
C. April 14, 1521
D. April 1, 1521
March 31, 1521
Which island is traditionally believed to be the site of the first Mass in the Philippines?
A. Cebu
B. Bolinao
C. Limasawa
D. Homonhon
Limasawa
What is the main evidence supporting Limasawa as the site of the first Mass?
A. A local legend about a Mass held there
B. A monument erected by the Spanish
C. Records and maps from Pigafetta and Albo
D. The presence of a historic church in Leyte
Records and maps from Pigafetta and Albo
The site of the first Mass in the Philippines was debated because:
A. There were multiple credible claims for different locations
B. Spanish records of the Mass were lost
C. No Filipino witnessed the Mass
D. The exact date was unclear
There were multiple credible claims for different locations
To resolve the debate over the site of the first Mass, which government body intervened?
A. The Philippine Congress
B. The National Historical Institute (NHI)
C. The Department of Tourism
D. The Philippine Supreme Court
The National Historical Institute (NHI)
Who reaffirmed Limasawa as the site of the first Mass in the Philippines?
A. Antonio Pigafetta
B. Jose Rizal
C. Dr. Samuel Tan and Ambeth Ocampo
D. Ferdinand Magellan
Dr. Samuel Tan and Ambeth Ocampo
The Cavite Mutiny in 1872 was primarily a result of:
A. Conflict over Spanish religious authority
B. An increase in labor taxes for Filipino workers
C. A petition for Filipino independence
D. The assassination of Spanish officials
An increase in labor taxes for Filipino workers
Which priests became martyrs after being implicated in the Cavite Mutiny?
A. Jose Rizal, Emilio Aguinaldo, and Juan Luna
B. Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora
C. Andres Bonifacio, Emilio Jacinto, and Apolinario Mabini
D. Juan dela Cruz, Pedro Paterno, and Francisco Balagtas
Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora
What was the Spanish governor’s response to the Cavite Mutiny?
A. He pardoned all participants
B. He imposed stricter restrictions on Filipinos
C. He enacted new labor reforms
D. He transferred control to local authorities
He imposed stricter restrictions on Filipinos
The execution of the GOMBURZA priests is remembered as:
A. The beginning of the Philippine Revolution
B. The start of the Spanish colonization
C. A turning point that intensified Filipino nationalism
D. The resolution of the Cavite Mutiny
A turning point that intensified Filipino nationalism
Which Filipino hero dedicated a book to the memory of GOMBURZA?
A. Andres Bonifacio
B. Emilio Jacinto
C. Jose Rizal
D. Apolinario Mabini
Jose Rizal
What does the “Cry of Balintawak” symbolize in Philippine history?
A. The start of Spanish colonization
B. A moment of unity for Filipino revolutionaries
C. The final battle of the Philippine Revolution
D. The peaceful handover of power to Filipinos
A moment of unity for Filipino revolutionaries
In which location did Pio Valenzuela claim the Cry took place?
A. Balintawak
B. Bahay Toro
C. Kangkong
D. Pugad Lawin
Pugad Lawin
What action did Bonifacio encourage during the Cry as a symbol of defiance?
A. Attacking Spanish soldiers
B. Tearing up their cedulas (tax certificates)
C. Signing a declaration of independence
D. Planting the Philippine flag in Manila
Tearing up their cedulas (tax certificates)
Who was the Spanish officer who claimed the Cry happened on August 25, 1896?
A. Lt. Olegario Diaz
B. Governor Izquierdo
C. General Blanco
D. Admiral Montejo
Lt. Olegario Diaz
Why are there different dates associated with the Cry of Balintawak?
A. The location changed frequently
B. The Katipuneros were moving to avoid capture
C. Each historian created a new date
D. The Spanish required multiple verifications
The Katipuneros were moving to avoid capture
Which historian popularized August 23, 1896, as the date for the Cry of Pugad Lawin?
A. Gregorio Zaide
B. Teodoro Agoncillo
C. Guillermo Masangkay
D. Milagros Guerrero
Teodoro Agoncillo
Why was “Pugad Lawin” not initially recognized in early maps of the Philippines?
A. It was only added after WWII
B. The term “Pugad Lawin” was associated with a fictional event
C. It was never an official place name until the 20th century
D. It was used only in personal letters
It was never an official place name until the 20th century
Who recounted a meeting on August 26, 1896, that led to the Cry of Balintawak?
A. Andres Bonifacio
B. Teodoro Kalaw
C. Guillermo Masangkay
D. Jose Rizal
Guillermo Masangkay
What phrase did the Katipuneros shout during the Cry to symbolize their call for freedom?
A. “Long live Spain!”
B. “Revolt!”
C. “Long live the Philippine Republic!”
D. “Death to the oppressors!”
“Long live the Philippine Republic!”
What event led to the establishment of the Republic of Biak-na-Bato?
A. Pact of Biak-na-Bato
B. Tejeros Convention
C. Treaty of Paris
D. Declaration of Independence in Kawit, Cavite
Tejeros Convention
Who were the main drafters of the Constitution of Biak-na-Bato?
A. Emilio Aguinaldo and Andrés Bonifacio
B. José Rizal and Apolinario Mabini
C. Isabelo Artacho and Félix Ferrer
D. Marcelo H. del Pilar and Antonio Luna
Isabelo Artacho and Félix Ferrer
Which body held the highest authority under the Biak-na-Bato Constitution?
A. Supreme Council
B. Council of Justice
C. Assembly of Representatives
D. Revolutionary Committee
Supreme Council
What was the purpose of the Consejo Supremo de Gracia Y Justicia under the Biak-na-Bato Constitution?
A. To manage foreign affairs
B. To establish a new constitution
C. To oversee treasury matters
D. To make decisions on justice administration
To make decisions on justice administration
Why was the Biak-na-Bato Constitution never fully implemented?
A. Lack of support from Filipino leaders
B. The United States interrupted its implementation
C. The signing of the Pact of Biak-na-Bato
D. It was replaced by the Malolos Constitution
The signing of the Pact of Biak-na-Bato
What was the significance of the 1899 Malolos Constitution?
A. It established the first American-style democracy in Asia.
B. It was the first republican constitution in Asia.
C. It transferred Philippine sovereignty to the United States.
D. It was the last constitution drafted during the Spanish era.
It was the first republican constitution in Asia.
Which branch of government was responsible to the Assembly under the Malolos Constitution?
A. Executive branch
B. Judicial branch
C. Legislative branch
D. Military branch
Executive branch
What was one primary reason the Malolos Constitution was not implemented?
A. The American occupation and Treaty of Paris
B. The opposition from Filipino leaders
C. The lack of funding for the new government
D. The signing of the Pact of Biak-na-Bato
The American occupation and Treaty of Paris
Under the Malolos Constitution, who had the power to elect the President?
A. The general populace
B. The Assembly of Representatives
C. The United States Government
D. The Supreme Council
The Assembly of Representatives
Which body was created to act as a law-making body when Congress was not in session, according to the Malolos Constitution?
A. Permanent Commission
B. Supreme Council
C. Executive Assembly
D. Justice Commission
Permanent Commission
What inspired the drafting of the Biak-na-Bato Constitution?
A. The American Constitution
B. The Spanish Constitution of 1812
C. The Cuban Constitution
D. The Mexican Constitution
The Cuban Constitution
Where was the Republic of Biak-na-Bato established?
A. Kawit, Cavite
B. Malolos, Bulacan
C. San Miguel de Mayumo, Bulacan
D. Pugad Lawin, Quezon City
San Miguel de Mayumo, Bulacan
Who led the Philippine revolutionary government when the Constitution of Biak-na-Bato was drafted?
A. José Rizal
B. Emilio Aguinaldo
C. Andrés Bonifacio
D. Marcelo H. del Pilar
Emilio Aguinaldo
Which language was the Biak-na-Bato Constitution originally written in?
A. Tagalog only
B. Spanish only
C. Tagalog and Spanish
D. English and Tagalog
Tagalog and Spanish
What was the role of the Assemblea de Representantes as outlined in the Biak-na-Bato Constitution?
A. To serve as a judicial council
B. To draft future laws for the Philippines
C. To elect the Supreme Council members
D. To create a new constitution after the revolution
To create a new constitution after the revolution
The Biak-na-Bato Constitution’s “Supreme Council” was composed of the President and how many department secretaries?
A. Three
B. Four
C. Five
D. Six
Four
Which of the following departments was NOT a part of the Supreme Council in the Biak-na-Bato Constitution?
A. Treasury
B. Interior
C. Education
D. Foreign Affairs
Education
What did the Pact of Biak-na-Bato entail for the Philippine Revolutionary Army?
A. Full independence from Spain
B. Exile to Hong Kong
C. Amnesty in exchange for disbanding
D. Continuation of the war with new funding
Exile to Hong Kong
Which document, signed during the Biak-na-Bato era, aimed to end hostilities between the Spanish and the Filipino revolutionaries?
A. Treaty of Paris
B. Pact of Biak-na-Bato
C. Treaty of Manila
D. Malolos Constitution
Pact of Biak-na-Bato
Who was responsible for promulgating the Malolos Constitution?
A. José Rizal
B. Emilio Aguinaldo
C. Andrés Bonifacio
D. Apolinario Mabini
Emilio Aguinaldo
What significant political principle did the Malolos Constitution establish for the Philippine government?
A. Monarchical rule
B. Dividing power into three branches
C. Military government
D. Absolute power of the President
Dividing power into three branches
In the Malolos Constitution, who was responsible for electing the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court?
A. The President
B. The Assembly, with concurrence from the President and Cabinet
C. The Supreme Council
D. The Assembly of Representatives alone
The Assembly, with concurrence from the President and Cabinet
What was a unique feature of the Malolos Constitution concerning legislative sessions?
A. A Permanent Commission would sit as a legislative body when Congress was not in session.
B. The Assembly of Representatives met only once a year.
C. The President had full legislative power during recess.
D. The Congress could never be in continuous session.
A Permanent Commission would sit as a legislative body when Congress was not in session.
The Malolos Constitution was inspired in part by democratic ideals from which country?
A. United Kingdom
B. United States
C. Spain
D. Japan
United States
What was one main reason the Malolos Constitution failed to be fully enacted?
A. It was replaced by the American Constitution.
B. The Treaty of Paris transferred sovereignty to the United States.
C. Aguinaldo refused to enforce it.
D. Spain regained control over the Philippines.
The Treaty of Paris transferred sovereignty to the United States.
Which of the following rights did the Malolos Constitution specifically protect?
A. Only the rights of Filipino citizens
B. Rights of both Filipinos and aliens
C. Rights of American citizens
D. Rights of European allies only
Rights of both Filipinos and aliens
What was the symbolic significance of the Malolos Constitution according to Teodoro Agoncillo?
A. It represented the people’s transition from monarchy to dictatorship.
B. It symbolized Filipino self-governance along democratic lines.
C. It displayed the willingness of Filipinos to submit to foreign rule.
D. It advocated for complete separation from Asia.
It symbolized Filipino self-governance along democratic lines.
When was the Malolos Constitution formally promulgated?
A. January 1, 1899
B. January 21, 1899
C. February 21, 1899
D. December 10, 1898
January 21, 1899
Under the Malolos Constitution, which body had the power to pass laws?
A. The President alone
B. Assembly of Representatives
C. The Supreme Court
D. Council of Justice
Assembly of Representatives
What was a major goal of the 1899 Malolos Constitution in establishing government safeguards?
A. To ensure military dominance
B. To prevent abuses of power
C. To favor the elite
D. To establish a monarchy
To prevent abuses of power
Which Act set the parameters for drafting the 1935 Philippine Constitution?
A) Tydings-McDuffie Act
B) Spooner Amendment
C) Philippine Independence Act
D) Jones Law
Philippine Independence Act
Who was elected president of the Constitutional Convention that drafted the 1935 Constitution?
A) Manuel L. Quezon
B) Sergio Osmeña
C) Claro M. Recto
D) Jose P. Laurel
Claro M. Recto
What type of legislature was established by the 1935 Constitution?
A) Unicameral
B) Bicameral
C) Parliamentary
D) Federal
Bicameral
Under the 1935 Constitution, who held the right to vote?
A) All Filipino citizens over 18
B) All citizens regardless of age or education
C) Male citizens 21 and above who could read and write
D) Both male and female citizens over 18
Male citizens 21 and above who could read and write
When was the 1935 Constitution ratified and put into effect?
A) March 25, 1935
B) May 14, 1935
C) November 15, 1935
D) January 1, 1935
November 15, 1935
Which doctrine regarding natural resources did the 1935 Constitution adopt?
A) Public Trust Doctrine
B) Doctrine of National Ownership
C) Doctrine of People’s Power
D) Regalian Doctrine
Regalian Doctrine
Which branch of government was vested with veto power under the 1935 Constitution?
A) Legislative
B) Judicial
C) Executive
D) Military
Executive
What was a requirement for women to gain suffrage under the 1935 Constitution?
A) Citizenship and education
B) A referendum within two years of adoption
C) Approval by the president
D) Passing a literacy test
A referendum within two years of adoption
Which provision was added to the 1935 Constitution in 1940?
A) Extending the presidential term to six years
B) Allowing re-election for the President
C) Introducing a parliamentary system
D) Adding term limits for senators
Allowing re-election for the President
What event delayed the full transition to self-government under the 1935 Constitution?
A) American Civil War
B) World War I
C) Japanese occupation
D) Tydings-McDuffie Act
Japanese occupation
The 1943 Constitution was established during which foreign occupation?
A) Spanish
B) American
C) Japanese
D) German
Japanese
Which organization was responsible for drafting the 1943 Constitution?
A) Batasang Pambansa
B) KALIBAPI
C) Philippine Congress
D) Preparatory Committee on Philippine Independence (PCPI)
Preparatory Committee on Philippine Independence (PCPI)
Who led the Japanese-backed government under the 1943 Constitution?
A) Sergio Osmeña
B) Manuel Roxas
C) Jose P. Laurel
D) Ferdinand Marcos
Jose P. Laurel
What was KALIBAPI’s role in the 1943 government structure?
A) Supreme Court of the Second Republic
B) Sole political party
C) Military organization
D) Foreign embassy
Sole political party
When did President Jose P. Laurel proclaim martial law under the 1943 Constitution?
A) June 16, 1943
B) September 21, 1944
C) October 14, 1943
D) August 17, 1945
September 21, 1944
What happened to the laws passed under the Second Republic after World War II?
A) They were annulled by the Supreme Court.
B) They remained in effect.
C) They were revised by the Americans.
D) They were upheld by the Commonwealth government.
They were annulled by the Supreme Court.
Who granted amnesty to officials who served under the Second Republic?
A) Manuel Roxas
B) Douglas MacArthur
C) Sergio Osmeña
D) Ferdinand Marcos
Manuel Roxas
Why did Marcos push for the drafting of the 1973 Constitution?
A) To decentralize power
B) To impose military control
C) To extend his term
D) To allow foreign investment
To extend his term
What governmental system did the 1973 Constitution introduce?
A) Presidential with bicameral Congress
B) Parliamentary with unicameral legislature
C) Presidential with unicameral Congress
D) Federal with regional assemblies
Parliamentary with unicameral legislature
What order did Marcos issue to consolidate power as Commander-in-Chief?
A) Presidential Decree No. 1
B) General Order No. 1
C) Proclamation No. 1102
D) Martial Law Proclamation
General Order No. 1
How was the 1973 Constitution ratified?
A) Through a national plebiscite
B) Citizen assemblies controlled by Marcos
C) Approval by the National Assembly
D) Vote in the Philippine Congress
Citizen assemblies controlled by Marcos
Which legislative body was created under the 1973 Constitution?
A) National Assembly
B) KALIBAPI
C) Batasang Pambansa
D) Congress
Batasang Pambansa
What amendment allowed Marcos to hold legislative power?
A) Amendment No. 1
B) Amendment No. 6
C) Martial Law Proclamation
D) Executive Order No. 1941
Amendment No. 6
What phrase was often used to describe Marcos’s government under the 1973 Constitution?
A) Constitutional monarchy
B) Absolute democracy
C) Constitutional authoritarianism
D) Federalism
Constitutional authoritarianism
What term limits were set for the President in the 1973 Constitution?
A) Unlimited terms
B) Two terms of six years
C) Four-year terms with no re-election
D) Prime Minister appointment with indefinite service
Prime Minister appointment with indefinite service
What major reform was included in the 1976 amendment to the 1973 Constitution?
A) Presidential succession
B) Legislative powers granted to Marcos
C) Power sharing with Congress
D) Granting regional autonomy
Legislative powers granted to Marcos
