RPH Finals quiz Flashcards
What are the three classifications of human rights?
a. Natural Rights, Constitutional Rights, Statutory Rights
b. Civil Rights, Social Rights, Economic Rights
c. Due Process Rights, Equal Protection Rights, Freedom of Expression Rights
d. Rights of Privacy, Speech, and Assembly
Natural Rights, Constitutional Rights, Statutory Rights
What is an example of a natural right?
a. The right to privacy
b. The right to be happy
c. The right to vote
d. The right to strike
The right to be happy
What distinguishes procedural due process from substantive due process?
a. Procedural deals with the fairness of laws; substantive deals with how laws are implemented.
b. Procedural involves notice and hearing; substantive prevents arbitrary exercise of power.
c. Procedural prevents discrimination; substantive ensures equal distribution of resources.
d. Procedural requires equal treatment; substantive requires compensation.
Procedural involves notice and hearing; substantive prevents arbitrary exercise of power.
Which of the following invalidates evidence in court?
a. Evidence acquired with consent
b. Evidence obtained without a warrant
c. Evidence provided voluntarily
d. Evidence from a lawful arrest
Evidence obtained without a warrant
Which of the following is NOT an allowable warrantless search?
a. Search of a validly arrested person
b. Search with consent
c. Search of a moving vehicle with suspicion
d. Search without suspicion in a public area
Search without suspicion in a public area
Under the Freedom of Expression, what is “prior restraint”?
a. Government restriction before expression occurs
b. Limitation of public protests after they occur
c. Legal action against defamation
d. Confiscation of illegal materials
Government restriction before expression occurs
What does the Miranda Doctrine NOT include?
a. The right to remain silent
b. The right to consult an attorney
c. The right to be presumed innocent
d. The right to be informed of rights
The right to be presumed innocent
What is the definition of eminent domain?
a. The government’s power to regulate private property
b. The power to seize private property for public use with compensation
c. The ability to enforce zoning laws
d. The government’s right to tax private property
The power to seize private property for public use with compensation
When is forced confession admissible?
a. When the accused verbally admits
b. When the confession was under duress
c. When the accused voluntarily confesses
d. When the confession is coerced for public safety
When the accused voluntarily confesses
What does “ex post facto law” mean?
a. A law applied retroactively to criminalize past actions
b. A law that reduces penalties for crimes already committed
c. A law preventing trial for historical crimes
d. A law that modifies the court’s decision-making process
A law applied retroactively to criminalize past actions
What principle is followed in the Philippines for determining citizenship by birth?
a. Jus Soli
b. Jus Loci
c. Jus Sanguinis
d. Jus Vinculum
Jus Sanguinis
What is naturalization?
a. Acquisition of citizenship by birth
b. Formal adoption of a foreigner as a citizen
c. Loss of citizenship due to renunciation
d. Dual allegiance of citizens to two states
Formal adoption of a foreigner as a citizen
How can Philippine citizenship be reacquired?
a. By oath of allegiance
b. By filing a claim in international courts
c. By a referendum of peers
d. By marrying a Filipino citizen
By oath of allegiance
What is dual allegiance?
a. Citizenship of two countries by birth
b. Continued loyalty to one’s original country after naturalization
c. Voting in two countries simultaneously
d. Holding dual passports without renouncing either
Continued loyalty to one’s original country after naturalization
ho cannot vote according to the 1987 Constitution?
a. Dual citizens
b. Those convicted of crimes involving disloyalty
c. Naturalized Filipinos
d. Filipino citizens abroad
Those convicted of crimes involving disloyalty
What disqualifies someone from reacquiring Philippine citizenship?
a. Prior allegiance to a foreign government
b. Voluntary expatriation for economic reasons
c. Engaging in acts against Philippine sovereignty
d. Holding public office in a foreign country
Engaging in acts against Philippine sovereignty
What is the effect of marriage to a foreign national on Philippine citizenship?
a. Automatic loss of Philippine citizenship
b. Retention unless the spouse’s country imposes citizenship
c. Full renunciation of Filipino rights
d. None, as citizenship is preserved by law
Retention unless the spouse’s country imposes citizenship
Who is qualified to vote in the Philippines?
a. Citizens aged 18 or older with six months’ residence in their voting area
b. Citizens aged 21 or older who pay taxes regularly
c. Literate individuals aged 18 or older who own property
d. Natural-born citizens aged 18 or older
Citizens aged 18 or older with six months’ residence in their voting area
What is the scope of suffrage in the Philippines?
a. Election, plebiscite, referendum, initiative, recall
b. Legislative voting, tax voting, plebiscite
c. Presidential voting only
d. Election of barangay officials only
Election, plebiscite, referendum, initiative, recall
Which of the following is NOT a type of electoral exercise?
a. Plebiscite
b. Recall
c. Initiative
d. Litigation
Litigation
What does absentee voting allow?
a. Citizens to vote online
b. Overseas Filipinos to vote for national positions
c. Non-citizens to vote during local elections
d. Government employees to influence votes
Overseas Filipinos to vote for national positions
What disqualifies a person from voting?
a. Failure to register for an election
b. Serving a sentence for a crime involving moral turpitude
c. Dual citizenship status
d. Unavailability on election day
Serving a sentence for a crime involving moral turpitude
What is the significance of the secrecy of the ballot?
a. It ensures voter turnout remains low.
b. It protects voters from coercion or retaliation.
c. It invalidates all manual voting methods.
d. It mandates government oversight during voting.
It protects voters from coercion or retaliation.
What is a plebiscite?
a. Election of barangay captains
b. Vote on proposed laws or amendments
c. Initiative to remove a public official
d. Appointment of local leaders by citizens
Vote on proposed laws or amendments
Which voting disqualification is automatically lifted after five years?
a. Being an insane individual
b. Commission of crimes against national security
c. Serving a one-year prison sentence
d. Non-payment of taxes
Serving a one-year prison sentence
During the pre-Spanish period, how was land ownership characterized?
A. Controlled by the datus
B. Shared among the barangay members
C. Owned by the maharlikas only
D. Managed by the aliping saguiguilid
Shared among the barangay members
What was the primary medium of exchange during the pre-Spanish period?
A. Gold
B. Barter goods
C. Rice
D. Silver coins
Rice
What system introduced by the Spaniards allowed encomienderos to collect tributes?
A. Hacienda System
B. Pueblo Agriculture
C. Encomienda System
D. Tenancy Act
Encomienda System
What caused frequent revolts during the Spanish period?
A. Forced military service
B. High taxation on exports
C. Loss of native lands to encomenderos
D. Religious restrictions
Loss of native lands to encomenderos
The encomienda system transitioned into what new land ownership model?
A. Hacienda System
B. Leasehold Tenancy
C. Cooperative Farming
D. Pueblo Agriculture
Hacienda System
What law required landholders to register their landholdings under Spain?
A. Torrens Land Registration Act
B. Spanish Land Ownership Law
C. Royal Decree of 1880
D. None; it was a decree of the Spanish Crown
None; it was a decree of the Spanish Crown
What legislation introduced the Torrens system for land registration?
A. Land Registration Act of 1902
B. Public Land Act of 1903
C. Tenancy Act of 1933
D. Philippine Bill of 1902
Land Registration Act of 1902
Which law regulated landlord-tenant relationships during the American period?
A. Tenancy Act of 1933
B. Public Land Act of 1903
C. Philippine Bill of 1902
D. Commonwealth Act No. 178
Tenancy Act of 1933
Which act aimed to provide tenants security against arbitrary dismissal?
A. Commonwealth Act No. 441
B. Commonwealth Act No. 461
C. Tenancy Act of 1933
D. Rural Program Administration
Commonwealth Act No. 461
What program established the price of rice and corn to assist tenants?
A. National Rice and Corn Corporation (NARIC)
B. National Agrarian Settlement Plan
C. Land Tenure Administration
D. Rural Development Scheme
National Rice and Corn Corporation (NARIC)
What law created the Land Tenure Administration (LTA)?
A. Republic Act No. 34
B. Republic Act No. 1400
C. Republic Act No. 821
D. Presidential Decree No. 27
Republic Act No. 1400
Which program under President Magsaysay aimed to resettle landless farmers?
A. Rural Program Administration
B. National Resettlement and Rehabilitation Administration (NARRA)
C. Land Tenure Development Scheme
D. CARP
National Resettlement and Rehabilitation Administration (NARRA)
What law enacted CARP in 1988?
A. Republic Act No. 6657
B. Republic Act No. 3844
C. Presidential Decree No. 27
D. Executive Order No. 229
Republic Act No. 6657
Which President placed 400 hectares in Boracay under CARP?
A. Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo
B. Rodrigo Duterte
C. Fidel Ramos
D. Benigno Aquino III
Rodrigo Duterte
What extension program of CARP was implemented from 2009 to 2014?
A. CARP II
B. CARPER
C. Agrarian Modernization Program
D. Land Ownership Reforms
CARPER
What tax replaced the tribute in 1884?
A. Cedula
B. Urbana
C. Polo y Servicio
D. Sanctorum
Cedula
What tax funded military campaigns against Muslims?
A. Donativo
B. Caja de Comunidad
C. Tributo
D. Fallas
Donativo
The Bandala System required Filipino farmers to:
A. Work in government plantations
B. Sell their produce to the government
C. Pay tribute to the friars
D. Participate in communal labor projects
Sell their produce to the government
What year was the Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR) formally organized?
A. 1904
B. 1902
C. 1905
D. 1910
1904
What system of taxation was introduced to control the sale of alcoholic beverages?
A. Excise Tax
B. Industria Tax
C. Value-Added Tax
D. Sales Tax
Excise Tax
What does TRAIN stand for in the context of Philippine tax reform?
A. Tax Reform for Acceleration and Inclusion
B. Tax Redistribution and Infrastructure Needs
C. Taxation Rules for Annual Income
D. Transparency in Revenue Administration
Tax Reform for Acceleration and Inclusion
The CREATE Act primarily focused on:
A. Increasing corporate tax rates
B. Providing tax incentives for enterprises
C. Imposing VAT on all businesses
D. Introducing flat income tax rates
Providing tax incentives for enterprises
What is the purpose of the Documentary Stamp Tax?
A. Tax on land transfers
B. Tax on loan agreements and deeds
C. Tax on personal identification documents
D. Tax on real estate sales
Tax on loan agreements and deeds
Which tax applies to inherited property?
A. Estate Tax
B. Donor’s Tax
C. Capital Gains Tax
D. Withholding Tax
Estate Tax
What tax is imposed on business revenues under the Philippine tax system?
A. Percentage Tax
B. Income Tax
C. Franchise Tax
D. Corporate Tax
Percentage Tax
What is the primary purpose of the Bill of Rights in the 1987 Constitution?
a. To list the responsibilities of citizens
b. To outline the powers of the government
c. To protect individuals from government abuse
d. To establish the qualifications for public officials
To protect individuals from government abuse
Which of the following actions is NOT protected under the right to freedom of expression?
a. Peaceful assembly
b. Spreading false information knowingly
c. Publishing critical opinions about the government
d. Organizing lawful protests
Spreading false information knowingly
What is the main characteristic of substantive due process?
a. It focuses on fairness in legal procedures.
b. It prevents arbitrary exercise of government power.
c. It ensures defendants have access to legal counsel.
d. It deals with the proper notice and hearing.
It prevents arbitrary exercise of government power.
Which clause ensures all persons in similar circumstances are treated alike?
a. Equal Protection Clause
b. Due Process Clause
c. Eminent Domain Clause
d. Non-Establishment Clause
Equal Protection Clause
What is the meaning of the “right to bail”?
a. The right to be released from custody regardless of offense
b. The right to ensure court attendance through reasonable security
c. The right to a fair trial within six months
d. The right to legal representation during interrogation
The right to ensure court attendance through reasonable security
What evidence is inadmissible in court under the Exclusionary Rule?
a. Evidence obtained through illegal searches and seizures
b. Evidence presented by a credible witness
c. Evidence gathered with the defendant’s consent
d. Evidence corroborated by multiple sources
Evidence obtained through illegal searches and seizures
Which of the following is a valid limitation of freedom of speech?
a. Criticism of public officials
b. Speaking out against government policies
c. Libelous and obscene speech
d. Advocating for social reforms
Libelous and obscene speech
When can the privacy of communication be legally violated?
a. When the government deems it necessary without judicial approval
b. When there is probable cause, and a court-authorized warrant is obtained
c. When a person publicly shares private information
d. When a citizen protests in a public space
When there is probable cause, and a court-authorized warrant is obtained
What is an involuntary method of acquiring Philippine citizenship?
a. Naturalization through administrative proceedings
b. By birth under Jus Sanguinis
c. By taking an oath of allegiance
d. Through the election of citizenship
By birth under Jus Sanguinis
Which type of citizen does NOT need to perform any act to acquire citizenship?
a. Naturalized citizen
b. Natural-born citizen
c. Citizen by election
d. Dual citizen
Natural-born citizen
What is collective naturalization?
a. Naturalization of an individual by an administrative body
b. Acquisition of citizenship by a group due to a treaty or conquest
c. Voluntary renunciation of citizenship by multiple persons
d. Legal acknowledgment of dual citizenship in a foreign
Acquisition of citizenship by a group due to a treaty or conquest
What happens when a Filipino citizen voluntarily renders service to a foreign military?
a. They retain their Philippine citizenship.
b. They lose their Philippine citizenship unless exceptions apply.
c. They automatically become dual citizens.
d. They must seek approval from Congress to retain citizenship.
They lose their Philippine citizenship unless exceptions apply.
Under the 1987 Constitution, which individual is considered a natural-born citizen?
a. A child of Filipino parents born in the Philippines
b. A foreigner granted citizenship through court proceedings
c. An alien who marries a Filipino citizen
d. A person who reacquires Philippine citizenship after renouncing it
A child of Filipino parents born in the Philippines
How does the Philippine Constitution view dual allegiance?
a. It is prohibited as it conflicts with national interests.
b. It is allowed under certain conditions.
c. It is mandatory for dual citizens to declare allegiance to both countries.
d. It automatically results in the loss of Philippine citizenship.
It is prohibited as it conflicts with national interests.
What is the primary purpose of suffrage?
a. To encourage citizens to take active roles in government policies
b. To impose penalties on disloyal citizens
c. To express the people’s will in national and local elections
d. To limit participation in decision-making to select individuals
To express the people’s will in national and local elections
Which is a form of suffrage that allows people to propose and enact laws directly?
a. Plebiscite
b. Initiative
c. Recall
d. Referendum
Initiative
What is the term for a method by which public officers may be removed from office through voters?
a. Election
b. Initiative
c. Recall
d. Referendum
Recall
What is the qualification to be an overseas absentee voter?
a. Must have resided in the Philippines within the past five years
b. Must vote only for local positions
c. Must be a Filipino citizen abroad and vote for national positions only
d. Must have dual citizenship in the Philippines and another country
Must be a Filipino citizen abroad and vote for national positions only
Which person is disqualified from voting?
a. A citizen who has lived abroad for 10 years
b. A citizen convicted of rebellion with no pardon
c. A citizen who failed to register in one election cycle
d. A citizen who has not voted in prior elections
A citizen convicted of rebellion with no pardon
What is the definition of a referendum?
a. A direct vote by the people on proposed laws
b. The election of barangay officials
c. A system of voting for expatriates
d. The process of enacting laws in Congress
A direct vote by the people on proposed laws
What additional substantive requirements for voting are prohibited?
a. Age and residence requirements
b. Taxpaying ability and literacy
c. Proof of employment and registration
d. Criminal history and literacy tests
Taxpaying ability and literacy
What was the social class that ruled the barangays before the Spanish era?
A. Aliping Mamamahay
B. Maharlika
C. Datu
D. Timawa
Datu
What type of system characterized the access to land before the arrival of the Spaniards?
A. Private ownership
B. Collective ownership
C. Feudal tenancy
D. Capitalist landholdings
Collective ownership
What was the economic system introduced by Spaniards to control rural communities?
A. Share Tenancy System
B. Pueblo Agriculture
C. Landlord-Tenant Arrangement
D. Cooperative Farming
Pueblo Agriculture
What was one of the main reasons for agrarian revolts during the Spanish period?
A. Forced labor under polo y servicio
B. Loss of native lands through registration laws
C. High taxation on agricultural products
D. Religious suppression
Loss of native lands through registration laws
Which groups primarily benefited from the encomienda system?
A. Natives and farmers
B. Religious orders and encomenderos
C. Commonwealth government officials
D. Maharlika class
Religious orders and encomenderos
What law introduced the homestead system during the American period?
A. Public Land Act of 1903
B. Land Registration Act of 1902
C. Tenancy Act of 1933
D. Philippine Bill of 1902
Public Land Act of 1903
What was a significant challenge of the Torrens system introduced by the Americans?
A. High land taxes
B. Lack of tenant rights
C. High cost of land surveys and registration
D. Restriction on large estates
High cost of land surveys and registration
What was the primary objective of the Tenancy Act of 1933?
A. Abolish tenancy entirely
B. Provide land titles to all tenants
C. Regulate landlord-tenant relationships
D. Distribute land equally among Filipinos
Regulate landlord-tenant relationships
What was the main focus of the Rural Program Administration?
A. Land consolidation for large-scale farming
B. Purchase and redistribution of haciendas to tenants
C. Promotion of agribusiness ventures
D. Construction of irrigation systems
Purchase and redistribution of haciendas to tenants
What did the 1935 Constitution emphasize in relation to agrarian reform?
A. Land redistribution
B. Promotion of social justice
C. Support for landowners
D. Abolition of share tenancy
Promotion of social justice
What was the primary goal of NARRA during President Magsaysay’s term?
A. Assist urban migrants
B. Provide land to rebel returnees and farmers
C. Promote commercial farming
D. Ensure food security through agriculture
Provide land to rebel returnees and farmers
What law under Diosdado Macapagal reduced the retention limit to 75 hectares?
A. Republic Act No. 1400
B. Republic Act No. 3844
C. Presidential Decree No. 27
D. Executive Order No. 228
Republic Act No. 3844
What funding mechanism supported CARP during Corazon Aquino’s administration?
A. Agrarian Trust Fund
B. Agrarian Reform Fund
C. Presidential Agrarian Loan Fund
D. Comprehensive Agrarian Support Fund
Agrarian Reform Fund
Which program launched under Fidel Ramos aimed to improve agrarian reform implementation?
A. Agrarian Modernization Program
B. Agrarian Reform Community Connectivity
C. CARPER Extension Project
D. MAGKASAKA
CARPER Extension Project
What was the main focus of the Duterte administration’s second phase of agrarian reform?
A. Rehabilitating idle lands
B. Distributing public lands to farmers
C. Abolishing land tenancy
D. Revising the CARP law
Distributing public lands to farmers
Which tax was introduced to fund religious activities?
A. Sanctorum
B. Caja de Comunidad
C. Donativo
D. Tributo
Sanctorum
What system required male Filipinos to provide unpaid labor for public works?
A. Bandala System
B. Polo y Servicio
C. Urbana Tax
D. Industria Tax
Polo y Servicio
What was the consequence of not carrying a cedula during the Spanish period?
A. Monetary fines
B. Imprisonment for being “indocumentado”
C. Public humiliation
D. Loss of property rights
. Imprisonment for being “indocumentado”
What was a major source of government revenue under the Internal Revenue Law of 1904?
A. Taxes on forest products
B. Excise taxes on alcohol and tobacco
C. Corporate income taxes
D. Urban real estate taxes
Excise taxes on alcohol and tobacco
How did the Americans modify taxation for local government support?
A. Created community tax systems
B. Doubled cedula fees in provinces
C. Introduced uniform land tax rates
D. Allowed tax exemptions for small businesses
. Doubled cedula fees in provinces
Which tax reform law under the Duterte administration lowered personal income taxes?
A. Tax Amnesty Program
B. CREATE Act
C. TRAIN Law
D. Value-Added Tax Reform
TRAIN Law
What is the primary purpose of the estate tax?
A. To regulate property sales
B. To tax the transfer of a deceased’s estate to heirs
C. To encourage property ownership
D. To tax high-value goods
To tax the transfer of a deceased’s estate to heirs
What local tax is imposed on the gross sales of sari-sari stores?
A. Franchise Tax
B. Barangay Tax
C. Business Tax
D. Community Tax
Barangay Tax
What does VAT stand for, and what type of tax is it?
A. Value Added Tax; indirect consumption tax
B. Voluntary Asset Tax; direct income tax
C. Value Amended Tax; flat tax rate
D. Variable Added Tax; progressive income tax
Value Added Tax; indirect consumption tax
What tax type is levied on documents such as deeds of sale and promissory notes?
A. Excise Tax
B. Donor’s Tax
C. Documentary Stamp Tax
D. Capital Gains Tax
Documentary Stamp Tax
