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CAOEXAM Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is NOT a language supported by ISCII?

Gujarati

Izmir

Devanagari

Malayalam

A

Izmir

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2
Q

Which of the following is NOT a basic component of a computer at its most fundamental level?

Operating system

Data transfer mechanism

Operating system

Memory

Processor

A

Operating system

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3
Q

How many possible codes does the 7-bit ASCII system have?

256

128

64

512

A

128

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4
Q

What is the primary advantage of USB over older port types?

It’s faster than all other ports

It’s more secure than other port types

It’s self-configuring and supports “plug and play”

It can transmit power over longer distances

A

It’s self-configuring and supports “plug and play”

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5
Q

In the binary number system, what do the digits 0 and 1 represent?

Positive and Negative

True and False

High and Low voltage

On and Off

A

True and False

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6
Q

In the decimal number system, the value of a digit depends on:

Its numerical value only

The number of zeros after it

Its position in the number

The sum of all digits

A

Its position in the number

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7
Q

Which of the following is NOT a typical measure of time in computing?

Picosecond

Millisecond

Nanosecond

Decasecond

A

Decasecond

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8
Q

What does “PCI” stand for in computer terminology?

Peripheral Computer Integration

Peripheral Computer Interface

Peripheral Component Interface

Peripheral Communication Interface

A

Peripheral Component Interface

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9
Q

Which number system is most commonly used in digital systems due to its ease of implementation?

Octal

Hexadecimal

Binary

Decimal

A

Binary

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10
Q

Which sector primarily uses ISCII?

Educational institutions

International organizations

Private corporations

Government departments

A

Government departments

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11
Q

Which organization is responsible for establishing standards within the United States?

ISO

ANSI

BSI

IEEE

A

ANSI

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12
Q

Number System Conversion
Convert the following. Show your complete solutions. (2 points each)

23ED₁₆ – Binary₂
279₁₆ – Decimal₁₀
1011₂ – Octals₈
2A7₁₆ – Decimal₁₀
43₁₀ – Binary₂
202₁₀ – Hexadecimal₁₆
43₁₀ – Octals₈
57 – Decimal₁₀
333₁₀ – Hexadecimal₁₆
10111010011₂ – Octals₈
11100111₂ – Hexadecimal₁₆
4BC₁₆ – Decimal₁₀
546₁₀ – Hexadecimal₁₆
1056₁₆ – Decimal₁₀
11672₈ – Decimal₁₀
1001001100₂ – Decimal₁₀
100110101₂ – Octals₈
CA12₁₆ – Binary₂
5217₈ – Decimal₁₀
1ACF₁₆ – Decimal₁₀

A
  1. 23ED₁₆ → Binary₂: 10001111101101
  2. 279₁₆ → Decimal₁₀: 633
  3. 1011₂ → Octals₈: 13
  4. 2A7₁₆ → Decimal₁₀: 679
  5. 43₁₀ → Binary₂: 101011
  6. 202₁₀ → Hexadecimal₁₆: CA
  7. 43₁₀ → Octals₈: 53
  8. 57 → Decimal₁₀: 57
  9. 333₁₀ → Hexadecimal₁₆: 14D
  10. 10111010011₂ → Octals₈: 1353
  11. 11100111₂ → Hexadecimal₁₆: E7
  12. 4BC₁₆ → Decimal₁₀: 1212
  13. 546₁₀ → Hexadecimal₁₆: 222
  14. 1056₁₆ → Decimal₁₀: 4182
  15. 11672₈ → Decimal₁₀: 5026
  16. 1001001100₂ → Decimal₁₀: 588
  17. 100110101₂ → Octals₈: 465
  18. CA12₁₆ → Binary₂: 1100101000010010
  19. 5217₈ → Decimal₁₀: 2695
  20. 1ACF₁₆ → Decimal₁₀: 6863
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13
Q

What is the main purpose of secondary storage in a computer system?

To display output to the user

To facilitate rapid data transfer between components

To process data quickly

To store data permanently.

A

To facilitate rapid data transfer between components

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14
Q

Unicode aims to provide:

A replacement for binary code

A standard encoding only for English characters

A new number system for computers

A unique number for every character in every language

A

A unique number for every character in every language

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15
Q

Which of the following represents one billion bytes?

Gigabyte

Megabyte

Terabyte

Petabyte

A

Gigabyte

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16
Q

The “traveling salesman” problem, used to demonstrate DNA computing, involves:

Finding the shortest route between cities, visiting each only once

Optimizing airline flight schedules

Determining the most efficient sales strategy

Calculating the fastest route for a delivery truck

A

Finding the shortest route between cities, visiting each only once

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17
Q

Which of the following is NOT a typical component found in the memory unit of a computer?

Cache

ALU

ROM

RAM

A

ALU

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18
Q

Moore’s Law originally stated that the number of transistors in an integrated circuit would double every:

18 months

1 year

2 years

4 years

A

18 months

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19
Q

What does the Principle of Equivalence of Hardware and Software state?

Hardware and software are completely interchangeable

Hardware is always faster than software

Software can perform any task that hardware can

Software can always replace hardware

A

Software can perform any task that hardware can

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20
Q

Which of the following is the largest unit of computer memory?

Gigabyte

Petabyte

Yottabyte

Terabyte

A

Yottabyte

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21
Q

Which number system is most commonly used in everyday life?

Decimal

Binary

Hexadecimal

Octal

A

Decimal

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22
Q

What is the term for the rightmost digit in a binary number?

Most Significant Bit (MSB)

Least Significant Bit (LSB)

Terminal Bit

Primary Bit

A

Least Significant Bit (LSB)

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23
Q

How many bits are in one byte?

8

4

16

32

A

8

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24
Q

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a potential basis for the next generation of computers?

Quantum computers

DNA computers

Holographic computers

Dataflow systems

A

Holographic computers

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25
Q

What is the typical unit of measurement for processor speed?

Microns

Bytes per second

Hertz

Volts

A

Hertz

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26
Q

Which of the following is equivalent to 1 Gigabyte?

1024 Megabytes

1024 Kilobytes

1000 Megabytes

1000 Kilobytes

A

1024 Megabytes

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27
Q

Perform the addition operation indicated below.

10010 2 + 111 2

A

11001

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28
Q

______ send data as a series of pulses along one or two data lines.

A

serial port

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29
Q

Perform the division binary operation indicated below.

110 2 / 10010000 2

A

111000

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30
Q

Perform the subtraction operation indicated below.

110000 2 − 10100 2

A

11100

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31
Q

ISCII is a universal encoding standard used to support all languages worldwide.

T/F

A

F
Feedback
General Feedback
ISCII is specifically used for Indian languages, whereas Unicode is the universal standard.

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32
Q

Which organization establishes worldwide standards for computer hardware and software?

ITU

ISO

IEEE

ANSI

A

ISO

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33
Q

What does ROM stand for?

Random Operating Memory

Runtime Optimization Module

Read-Only Memory

Rapid Output Management

A

Read-Only Memory

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34
Q

How a checksum works between a sender and a receiver.

Calculates the Checksum (Complete solution)
original message:
11011010
10101100
01100101
10011001
11110000
00001111
10101010
01010101

A

100101111

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35
Q

Convert the following binary strings to even and odd parity?

                                        Even                                                                          Odd

1101101 =
1001010 =
1110011 =
0000110 =

A

1101101 =
Correct answer:
11011011
11011010

1001010 =
Correct answer:
10010101
10010100

1110011 =
Correct answer:
11100111
11100110

0000110 =

00001100

00001101

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36
Q

Which of the following is a disadvantage of using signed magnitude representation?

Allows two representations for zero

Complexity in operations

Requires more storage

Difficult to convert between bases

A

Allows two representations for zero

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37
Q

In binary, what is the decimal equivalent of the number 110012​?

25

31

29

27

A

25

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38
Q

What is the minimum Hamming distance required to correct a single-bit error in a code word?

4

2

1

3

A

3

39
Q

What is the radix complement of the binary numbering system?

Two’s complement

Signed magnitude

One’s complement

Decimal complement

A

Two’s complement

40
Q

Which character encoding scheme can encode every language in the world?

EBCDIC

BCD

ASCII

Unicode

A

Unicode

41
Q

Which logic gate outputs true only when both inputs are false?

OR gate

NAND gate

AND gate

NOR gate

A

NAND gate

42
Q

Convert −5.75 to IEEE 754 Single Precision
Final Representation:

e.g 0 | 10011010 | 10101000000000000000000

A

1 | 10000001 | 01110000000000000000000

43
Q

In floating-point representation, what does the exponent field determine?

The total number of bits

The range of values that can be represented

The precision of the representation

The sign of the number

A

The range of values that can be represented

44
Q

How a checksum works between a sender and a receiver.

Calculates the Checksum (Complete solution)
Messages: 1. 11010101 2. 10111000 3. 01101100 4. 10010011 5. 11100001 6. 00011110 7. 10100101 8. 01011010 9. 00110011 10. 11111100

A

01111110

45
Q

What does the high-order bit indicate in signed integer representation?

The value of the number

The byte size

The sign of the number

The magnitude of the number

A

The sign of the number

46
Q

In a truth table, how many output combinations are there for a function with three inputs?

4

16

6

8

A

8

47
Q

Which of the following Boolean operators has the highest precedence?

AND

NOT

XOR

OR

A

NOT

48
Q

What happens to the output of a NOR gate when both inputs are high (1)?

Depends on external conditions

Undefined

0

1

A

0

49
Q

In a half adder, which gate is used to calculate the sum?

XOR gate

AND gate

NOT gate

OR gate

A

XOR gate

50
Q

Convert 12.25 to IEEE 754 Single Precision.
Final Representation:

e.g 0 | 10011010 | 10101000000000000000000

A

0 | 10000010 | 10001000000000000000000

51
Q

In a full adder circuit, which operation is used to calculate the carry output?

OR operation

AND operation

XOR operation

NOT operation

A

AND operation

52
Q

Which logic gate outputs true only when exactly one input is true?

NAND

AND

XOR

OR

A

XOR

53
Q

What does a carry bit indicate in binary addition?

The sum is negative.

An overflow has occurred.

The sum is even.

No carry has occurred.

A

An overflow has occurred.

54
Q

How many bits does the IEEE-754 single precision floating point standard use for the exponent?

8 bits

52 bits

23 bits

11 bits

A

8 bits

55
Q

What is a characteristic of floating-point numbers in computers?

They are always stored in hexadecimal format.

They can only represent whole numbers.

They can represent a wide range of real numbers.

They use a fixed-size field for all components.

A

They can represent a wide range of real numbers.

56
Q

What is the output of a 2-input NAND gate when both inputs are 1?

0

1

Depends on the circuit

Undefine

A

0

57
Q

Which circuit configuration allows for carry propagation through multiple stages?

Parallel adder

Full adder

Half adder

Ripple-carry adder

A

Ripple-carry adder

57
Q

In Boolean algebra, what does the term “canonical form” refer to?

The simplest possible form of an expression.

Any arbitrary arrangement of variables and operators.

An expression that contains no variables.

A standard representation using sum-of-products or product-of-sums.

A

A standard representation using sum-of-products or product-of-sums.

58
Q

Which logic gate is represented by the expression ?

OR gate

NOT gate

XOR gate

AND gate

A

AND gate

59
Q

Which representation allows for two different representations for zero?

Floating-point representation

Two’s complement

One’s complement

Signed magnitude

A

Signed magnitude

60
Q

In Boolean algebra, which identity states that A+AB=A?

Idempotent Law

Distributive Law

Absorption Law

Complement Law

A

Absorption Law

61
Q

What is the primary function of a full adder?

To store data

To perform multiplication

To add two bits and manage carry input

To compare two binary numbers

A

To add two bits and manage carry input

62
Q

In IEEE-754 single precision format, how many bits are allocated for the significand?

8 bits

64 bits

23 bits

52 bits

A

23 bits

63
Q

Draw the following logic gate symbols:

OR
AND
NOT
NAND
NOR
XOR
XNOR

A
64
Q

Using two’s complement, compute -45 + 36 in binary (8-bit).

11100111 2

11110111 2

11010001 2

11010111 2

A

11100111 2

65
Q

What is the primary reason computers employ two’s complement over signed magnitude representation?

Improved floating-point precision

Elimination of overflow errors

Greater storage efficiency

Simplified arithmetic operation

A

Simplified arithmetic operation

66
Q

In assembly language, when an instruction requires two operands, what is typically the role of the first operand?

It must be a memory location

It contains immediate addressing only

It is always the source data

It is the destination location

A

It is the destination location

67
Q

What type of non-von Neumann architecture was proposed by Leonard Adleman?

Dataflow systems

Quantum computing

Parallel processing

DNA computing

A

DNA computing

68
Q

What happens during the decode step of the fetch-decode-execute cycle?

Instructions are converted into a form the ALU can understand.

Data is fetched from registers.

Instructions are fetched from memory.

Results are stored in memory.

A

Instructions are converted into a form the ALU can understand.

69
Q

Which of the following registers is specifically used as the count register for iterative operations?

BX Register

CX Register

AX Register

DX Register

A

CX Register

70
Q

What is the binary result of subtracting 101010 from 110101?

001011

011011

100001

101011

A

001011

71
Q

Convert 437810 to hexadecimal.

112A 16

111F 16

111B 16

111A 16

A

111A 16

72
Q

What differentiates serial and parallel ports?

Serial ports send data as pulses along fewer data lines compared to parallel ports.

Serial ports transmit multiple bits simultaneously, while parallel ports transmit data sequentially.

Parallel ports require external power, while serial ports do not.

Parallel ports are faster but less reliable than serial ports.

A

Serial ports send data as pulses along fewer data lines compared to parallel ports.

73
Q

Which system was the first mass-produced computer?

ENIAC

Cray-1

Univac 1100

IBM 650

A

IBM 650

74
Q

Which declaration must begin the text section to tell the kernel where program execution begins?

begin_execution

start_main

global _start

start_program

A

global _start

75
Q

Which error detection code uses parity bits to identify and correct single-bit errors?

Reed-Solomon code

ASCII

Hamming code

CRC

A

Hamming code

76
Q

What are the three main sections of an assembly program?

Input, Output, and Process sections

Text, BSS, and Data sections

Code, Data, and Stack sections

Memory, Register, and Cache sections

A

Text, BSS, and Data sections

77
Q

What is the main disadvantage of von Neumann architecture?

Limited memory capacity

Single data path causing the von Neumann bottleneck

Difficulty in parallel processing

Lack of integration between hardware and software

A

Single data path causing the von Neumann bottleneck

78
Q

Which of the following was NOT a characteristic of fourth-generation computers?

Use of VLSI technology

Start of personal computing

High reliance on assembly language programming

Introduction of microprocessors

A

High reliance on assembly language programming

79
Q

What is the primary function of the Direction Flag (DF) in control registers?

Indicates overflow in arithmetic operations

Controls external interrupt processing

Determines string operation direction (left/right)

Shows the sign of arithmetic results

A

Determines string operation direction (left/right)

80
Q

What does “DDR” in DDR SDRAM refer to?

Direct Data Response

Dual Drive Relay

Double Data Rate

Dynamic Disk Rate

A

Double Data Rate

81
Q

What is the role of cache memory in a computer?

To manage file systems.

To store frequently accessed data for quicker retrieval.

To expand the total disk capacity.

To replace main memory when it fails.

A

To store frequently accessed data for quicker retrieval.

82
Q

Which of the following is NOT one of the three types of assembly language statements?

Executable instructions

Macros

Variables

Assembler directives

A

Variables

83
Q

In direct memory addressing, what is required to locate the exact position of data?

Base registers EBX and EBP only

Segment start address and offset value

Only the effective address

Only the segment start address

A

Segment start address and offset value

84
Q

Which addressing mode provides the fastest processing of data?

Memory addressing

Immediate addressing

Register addressing

Direct-offset addressing

A

Register addressing

85
Q

At what level of the Computer Level Hierarchy do system resources get protected?

Assembly Language Level

High-Level Language Level

System Software Level

Control Level

A

System Software Level

86
Q

Which flag indicates whether the total number of 1-bits in an arithmetic result is even or odd?

Parity Flag (PF)

Carry Flag (CF)

Sign Flag (SF)

Zero Flag (ZF)

A

Parity Flag (PF)

87
Q

Who is credited with inventing the punched card tabulating machine?

Blaise Pascal

Charles Babbage

John von Neumann

Herman Hollerith

A

Herman Hollerith

88
Q

What is the mathematical basis of CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Checking)?

Binary addition

Boolean algebra

Modulo 2 arithmetic

Decimal subtraction

A

Modulo 2 arithmetic

89
Q

What is the binary value of 3 x 5 in binary arithmetic?

1011

1001

1111

1010

A

1111

90
Q

How is overflow detected in two’s complement arithmetic?

When carry-in and carry-out of the sign bit differ

By using an additional parity bit

By ensuring no remainder exists

By checking if the sign bit changes

A

When carry-in and carry-out of the sign bit differ

91
Q

When using the MOV instruction, which of the following is NOT a valid operation?

Moving data between two registers

Moving immediate value to memory

Moving memory value to register

Moving data between different sized operands

A

Moving data between different sized operands

92
Q

What does a processor do in a computer system?

Interprets and executes programs.

Stores data permanently.

Manages the connection between hardware and software.

Transfers data to external devices.

A

Interprets and executes programs.

93
Q

Convert 345 10 to octal.

525 8

552 8

513 8

531 8

A

531 8

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