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Networks > routing > Flashcards

routing Flashcards

1
Q

router purpose

A

transfer packets from one network to another in a way that makes progress toward its end destination.

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2
Q

routing table

A

Contains one entry for each possible destination network & specifies the next router (neighbor) to forward a packet.

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3
Q

What happens when a packet arrives at a router?

A

The router will check the routing table & forward the packet to the appropriate neighbor.

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4
Q

What is contained in a routing table (columns)?

A

One entry for each destination network: network address, network mask to be applied, IP addr of next hop router, specific interface, and some routing computation related metrics.

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5
Q

A router typically has ____ entries in its table

A

300-400 thousand

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6
Q

Sources of routing information

A

Directly connected routes, static routes (manually configured), dynamic routing protocols (learned through exchange of information between routers).

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7
Q

Difference between routing & routed protocol

A

Routing - advertises route info between routers. Routed - protocol with an addressing scheme that defines different network addresses.

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8
Q

2 fundamental approaches to receiving, advertising, and storing routing info

A

Distance vector & link state

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9
Q

Distance vector

A

sends full copy of routing table to its directly connected neighbors. May cause routing loops

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10
Q

Link state

A

routers do not exchange full routing tables. routers send link-state advertisements to advertise the networks they know how to reach.

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11
Q

Techniques used to remove routing loops

A

split horizon & poison reverse

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12
Q

split horizon

A

prevents a route learned on one interface from being advertised back out of that same interface

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13
Q

poison reverse

A

causes a route received on one interface to be advertised back out of that same interface with a metric considered to be infinite

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14
Q

administrative distance

A

Believability of route - more than one routing protocol may be used by a network. Admin distance is how we decide which protocols are more reliable

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15
Q

Administrative distance of directly connected network

A

0

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16
Q

Administrative distance of statically configured network

A

1

17
Q

Administrative distance of EIGRP

A

90

18
Q

Administrative distance of OSPF

A

110

19
Q

Administrative distance of RIP

A

120

20
Q

Administrative distance of external EIGRP

A

170

21
Q

Administrative distance of unknown

A

255

22
Q

Metrics for choosing paths to reach another network

A

Hop count, bandwidth, reliability, delay, etc

23
Q

Interior vs exterior gateway

A

Interior operates within an autonomous system, exterior operates between autonomous systems

24
Q

What does NAT (network address translation) do?

A

Translates private IP addr (which are not routable on the internet) with public IP addresses (which are routable).

25
Q

Address translation types

A

Dynamic NAT, static NAT, port address translation (PAT)

26
Q

DNAT

A

IP addresses automatically assigned from a pool. One-to-one translations

27
Q

SNAT

A

IP addr manually assigned. One-to-one translations

28
Q

PAT

A

Multiple private IP addresses share one public IP. Many-to-one translation

29
Q

Multicast routing protocols

A

Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) & Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM)

30
Q

IGMP

A

Used by clients when they want to join a multicast group

31
Q

PIM

A

Based on routing. Routes multicast traffic between multicast-enabled routers

32
Q

PIM modes of operation

A

PIM dense mode (PIM-DM) and PIM sparse mode (PIM-SM)

33
Q

PIM-DM

A

uses a periodic floor & prune behavior to form an optimal distribution tree. Rarely used

34
Q

PIM-SM

A

initially uses a shared distribution tree but eventually creates an optimal distribution tree through SPT (shortest path tree) crossover

35
Q

ICMP

A

internet control message protocol - a protocol that devices within a network use to communicate problems with data transmission

Networks (14 decks)

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