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Histopathology > Routine Techniques > Flashcards

Routine Techniques Flashcards

1
Q

What technique involves the preparation and examination of cells collected by fine needle aspiration, bronchial washings, and other techniques?

A

Cytopathologic technique

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2
Q

This is a basic component of a tertiary hospital laboratory where human tissues and body fluids are processed into slides for microscopic examination by the anatomic pathologist.

A

Histopathology

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3
Q

Enumerate 3 reasons for tissue degradation or decomposition.

A
  1. Lack of oxygen (ischemia)
  2. Accumulation of CO2
  3. Autolysis
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4
Q

What is the first step in specimen processing?

A

specimen identification

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5
Q

True or False.

The label should be firmly attached to the lid of the container.

A

False: The label should be firmly attached to the body of the container.

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6
Q

Enumerate the 3 markers for orientation.

A
  1. Ink
  2. Nicking
  3. Suturing
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7
Q

What marker for orientation indicates laterality?

A

Nicking

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8
Q

What kind of suture will you use to represent long lateral?

A

LL

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9
Q

What kind of suture will you use to represent short superior?

A

SS

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10
Q

Weight of intact specimen is rounded to the nearest ____.

A

0.1g

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11
Q

Dimensions are rounded to the nearest ____.

A

1cm

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12
Q

Identify the specimen for dermatology.

  • Should NOT be cut, bisected, or inked while fresh and infixed
A

small specimens

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13
Q

Identify the specimen for dermatology.

  • processed in cassettes either with a fine mesh, in lens paper, or in a “tea bag”
A

small specimens

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14
Q

Identify the specimen for dermatology.

  • should be taken with the lesion (larger) at its center
A

core biopsies

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15
Q

What type of core biopsy should be bisected eccentrically and embedded with cut surfaces down?

A

Large core biopsies

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16
Q

What type of core biopsy should be embedded totally without cutting it?

A

Small core biopsies

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17
Q

Identify the specimen for dermatology.

  • Method of choice for surgical removal of melanomas but maybe sometimes removed by shaving.
A

Excisional biopsies

18
Q

When do you usually do a re-excision of a specimen?

A

a. margins are invaded by tumor
b. margins too close to the tumor such as in melanoma or basal cell carcinoma

19
Q

What size of punch biopsy is submitted as a whole?

A

3mm or less

20
Q

What size of punch biopsy are bisected or trisected depending on the size?

A

4mm or less

21
Q

What type of biopsy is done with non-skin specimens?

A

excisional biopsy

22
Q

Enumerate the 3 important determinants of neoplastic (tumor) specimens.

A

a. Overall size of the tumor
b. Depth of invasion into or through the tissue walls
c. Involvement of margins and lymph nodes

23
Q

Identify the method for fresh tissue examination:

  • A process whereby a selected tissue specimen is immersed in a watch glass containing an isotonic salt solution.
  • Carefully dissected with needle then separated using applicator stick
A

Teasing (dissociation)

24
Q

Identify the method for fresh tissue examination:

  • Small pieces of tissue not more than 1mm in diameter is placed in a microscopic slide and forcibly compressed with another slide or with a cover glass.
A

Squash preparation

25
Q

Identify the method for fresh tissue examination:

  • The process of examining sections or sediments, wherein cellular materials are spread lightly over a slide by a wire loop or applicator, or by making an apposition smear with another slide.
A

Smear preparation

26
Q

What smear preparation uses an applicator stick or platinum loop and the material is rapidly and gently applied in a direct or zigzag line throughout the slide?

A

Streaking

27
Q

What smear preparation transfers a specimen to a clean slide and gently spread it into a moderately thick film by teasing the mucous strands apart with an applicator stick?

A

Spreading

28
Q

What smear preparation is done by a slight movement of the two slides in opposite directions may be necessary to initiate the flow of materials?

A

pull-apart

29
Q

What smear preparation whereby the surface of a freshly cut piece of tissue is brought into contact and pressed onto the surface of a clean glass slide?

A

Touch preparation (impression smear)

30
Q

A cold chamber kept at an atmospheric temperature of -10 to -20C.

A

Cryostat

31
Q

What freezing agent is the most rapid?

A

liquid nitrogen

32
Q

What is the first and most critical step in histotechnology?

A

Fixation

33
Q

killing, penetration, and hardening of tissues

A

fixation

34
Q

Enumerate the 2 basic mechanisms involved in fixation.

A
  1. Additive fixation
  2. Non-additive fixation
35
Q

What fixation mechanism whereby the chemical constituent of the fixative is taken in and becomes part of the tissue?

A

Additive fixation

36
Q

What fixation mechanism whereby the fixing agent is not incorporated into the tissue but alters the tissue composition and stabilizes the tissue by removing the bound water attached to H-bonds?

A

Non-additive fixation (alcoholic fixatives)

37
Q

In what pH does satisfactory fixation occur?

A

pH 6-8

38
Q

What is the ideal temperature for electronic microscopy?

A

0-4 ℃

39
Q

What temperature is used for rapid fixation of very urgent biopsy specimens?

A

60℃

40
Q

What temperature is used to fix tissues with tuberculosis?

A

100℃

41
Q

Most tissue can be cut and trimmed without prior fixation, EXCEPT for the ___.

A

brain

42
Q

Enumerate practical considerations of fixation.

A
  1. speed
  2. penetration
  3. volume
  4. duration of fixation

Histopathology (12 decks)

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