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Histopathology > [LEC] Intro to Pathology > Flashcards

[LEC] Intro to Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Investigation of causes of disease and the associated changes at the levels of cells, tissues, and organs

A

Pathology

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2
Q

abnormal alteration of structure or function in any part of the body

A

disease

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3
Q

Enumerate 4 aspects of the disease process.

A
  1. Etiology
  2. Pathogenesis
  3. Morphologic changes
  4. Clinical manifestations
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4
Q
  • the origin of a disease, including the underlying causes and modifying factors
  • refers to why the disease arises
A

Etiology

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5
Q
  • refers to the steps in the development of disease
A

Pathogenesis

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6
Q

“subjective” evidence of disease or disorder

A

symptom

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7
Q

attachment of a specific name to a specific disease or disorder

A

diagnosis

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8
Q

making a prediction of the outcome of the disease or disorder

A

prognosis

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9
Q

Enumerate the 2 divisions of pathology.

A
  1. General pathology
  2. Anatomic pathology
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10
Q

Identify the division of pathology.

  • cellular and tissue alterations caused by the pathologic stimuli in tissues
A

General pathology

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11
Q

Identify the division of pathology.

  • examines the reactions or abnormality of different specialized organs
A

Anatomic pathology

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12
Q

What are the two reasons why cells constantly adjust their structure and function?

A
  1. To accommodate changing demands and extracellular stresses
  2. To maintain homeostasis
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13
Q

Enumerate 4 principal adaptive responses of cells.

A
  1. Hypertrophy
  2. Hyperplasia
  3. Atrophy
  4. Metaplasia
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14
Q

What are the basic types of cellular adaptations to stress?

A

Physiologic (normal) and Pathologic

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15
Q

Identify the cell’s adaptive response.

  • ↑ in the size of cells and organ
  • no new cells
  • on cells that cannot divide
A

Hypertrophy

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16
Q

Identify the cell’s adaptive response.

  • ↑ in cell number
  • proliferation of differentiated cells
  • replacement by tissue stem cells
  • on cells that can divide
A

Hyperplasia

17
Q

Identify the cell’s adaptive response.

  • Shrinkage in the size of the cell by loss of cell substance
A

Atrophy

18
Q

Identify the cell’s adaptive response.

  • reversible change in which one adult cell type is replaced by another adult cell type
A

Metaplasia

19
Q

Occurs when cells are unable to adapt to stress or when they are exposed to damaging agents or suffer intrinsic abnormalities

A

Cell injury and death

20
Q

What are the 2 types of cell death?

A

Necrosis and Apoptosis

21
Q

What type of cell death whereby enzymes leak out of lysosomes and the cell is digested?

A

Necrosis

22
Q

What type of cell death whereby the cell kills itself?

A

Apoptosis

23
Q

oxygen deficiency

A

hypoxia

24
Q

decreased blood supply

A

ischemia

25
Q

The most common and fundamental expression of cell injury

A

Hydropic degeneration

26
Q

Identify the type of necrosis.

  • tissue necrosis in which component cells are dead but basic architecture is preserved for a short while
  • characteristic of infarcts
A

Coagulative

27
Q

Identify the type of necrosis.

  • complete digestion of cell
A

Liquefactive

28
Q

Identify the type of necrosis.

  • friable yellow-white appearance (cheese-like), architecture completely obliterated
A

Caseous

29
Q

Identify the type of necrosis.

  • focal areas of fat destruction, typically resulting from the release of activated pancreatic lipases
  • on acute pancreatitis
A

Fat necrosis

30
Q

Identify the type of necrosis.

  • visible by light microscopy
  • usually in immune reactions in which complexes of antigens and antibodies are deposited in the walls of arteries
A

Fibrionoid necrosis

31
Q

Identify the type of necrosis.

  • usually refers to the condition of a limb, generally the lower leg that has lost its blood supply
  • has undergone coagulative necrosis involving multiple tissue layers
A

Gangrenous necrosis

Histopathology (12 decks)

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