Routes of Administration Flashcards
Advantages of Oral Administration
- Convenient for patient
2. Large surface area for absorption
Advantages of Topical Administration
- Convenient for patient
2. Low risk of overdosing
Advantages of Transdermal Administration
Long Acting
Advantages of Rectal Administration
- Local effect
2. Beneficial for patients who are vomiting or cannot swallow
Advantages of Inhalation Administration
- Rapid Response due to large absorption surface area
2. Local/ Systemic effect
Advantages of Parenteral Routes
- Rapid Action
- Bypass Stomach and Liver
- Lower Dose Required
- Can be controlled by patients
Disadvantages of Oral Administration
- Not suitable for all patients
- Absorption of drug can vary
- Absorption of drug can be interrupted by stomach contents
- Degrades in stomach
Disadvantages of Topical Administration
- Adverse skin effects
e. g skin thinning by hydrocortisone
Disadvantages of Transdermal Administration
- Adverse skin effects
2. Drug needs to be really potent an lipid soluble
Disadvantages of Rectal Administration
- Need to be trained to administer
Disadvantages of Inhalation Administration
- Difficult to ensure drugs reaches target cells
2. Patient need to be trained to use it
Disadvantages of Parenteral Routes
- High risk of overdosing
- Requires training for administration
- Painful
What is intravenous injection?
Injection to veins
e.g heparin, thiopental
What is intramuscular injection?
Injection to muscle
e.g pre-meds
What is intradermal administration?
Injection to skin
e.g Local Aesthetic
What is subcutaneous administration?
Injection into subcutis layer, below the dermis and epidermis
e.g Insulin
What is Intrathecal administration?
Injection into the subarachnoid space
e.g Chemo Drugs
What is Epidural administration?
Injection in epidural space
e.g Nerve blockers
What is Transdermal administration?
Administration of drugs across the skin
Examples of Rectal Drugs
Antifunagals
Anaglesics
Presdnisolone (reduces inflammation)
Diazepam (muscle relaxant)
Examples of Inhalation Drugs
Halothane (anaesthetic)
Nitrous Oxide (anaesthetic)
GTN
Salbutamol (bronchodilator)
What is Bioavailability?
Amount of drug that reaches the circulation as intact drug
Sustained Release
Increase duration of drug
Decreased freq of dosing
Decrease of dose required
