Drugs and the Nervous System Flashcards
Common method of administration of anaesthetics?
- Epidural
2. Intradermal and topical to relieve superficial pain
Commonly used anaesthetics?
- Lidocaine - dental
2. Prilocaine - in creams
Adverse effects of anaesthetics?
Abnormal heart beat
Convulsions
Cardiorespiratory arrest
Hypersentivity
What are vasoconstrictors used for?
- Prolong drug action
- Enhance potency
- Reduces toxicity
- Reduces blood loss
Examples of vasoconstrictors?
- Adrenaline
2. Felypressin
What do antidepressants do?
Increase excitatory neurotransmitter levels in the brain
What do antiparkinsonians do?
Increases levels of dopamine
What do anticonvulsants do?
Treatment for epilepsy
Via reducing conduction of excitatory nerve impulses or /and increases GABA activity
3 Types of antidepressants?
- Tricyclic (TCAs)
- Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRIs)
- Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor (MAOIs)
Tricyclic antidepressants and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors mechanism?
Blocks reuptake of receptor
What do monoamine oxidase inhibitor do?
Blocks enzymes from breaking down the neurotransmitters
Use of anaesthetics is to promote?
Analgesia, Unconsciousness, Amnesia, loss of reflexes
How do anaesthetics work?
Promote insensitivity
Via crossing the blood brain barrier
Side effects of anaesthetics?
- Nausea/vomiting
- Shallow/rapid breathing
- Crosses Placenta
- Loss of temp control
Examples of excitatory neurotransmitters?
Noradrenaline Dopamine Serotonin Acetylcholine Glutamate
Examples of Inhibitory neurotransmitters?
GABA
Glycine
What are the stages of anaesthetics?
- Analgesia
- Excitement
- Surgical Anaesthesia - loss of reflexes skeletal muscle relaxation
- Medullary Paralysis - loss of respiratory/ vasomotor control
Inhaled Anaesthetics
Nitrous Oxide N20
Isoflurane
Desflurane
Sevoflurane