Roots, stems, leaves & the basics 🍃

Question 1

root

Answer 1

the part of a plant which attaches it to the soil, typically underground, which takes up water and nutrients

Question 2

fibrous root system

Answer 2

a root system with a lot of small roots

Question 3

taproot system

Answer 3

a root system with one primary (main) root and with secondary roots

Question 4

osmosis

Answer 4

the process of the movement of water from a location with a high concentration of water to a location with a low concentration of water through a selectively permeable membrane

Question 5

root hair

Answer 5

hair-like extensions of a root to increase its surface area

Question 6

xylem

Answer 6

dead cells which facilitate (make possible) the transport of water and nutrients from the roots to the leaves

Question 7

phloem

Answer 7

living cells that facilitate transport from the leaves to the stem and the roots

Question 8

cortex

Answer 8

outer layer of a root

Question 9

parenchyma cells

Answer 9

cells in the roots that store food

Question 10

stem

Answer 10

central part of a plant that keeps it upright and connects roots and leaves/flowers/fruits

Question 11

woody plants

Answer 11

plants and trees that have a lot of wood in their stems

Question 12

herbaceous

Answer 12

plants with almost no wood in their stems; they need water to stay upright

Question 13

petiole/leaf stalk

Answer 13

the (leaf) stalk that attaches the leaf (blade) to the stem

Question 14

node

Answer 14

the place where the petiole is attached to the stem

Question 15

axillary bud

Answer 15

a bud found between the stem and leaf where new leaves grow out

Question 16

internode

Answer 16

part of the stem between two nodes

Question 17

terminal bud

Answer 17

a bud at the end of the stem where the stem grows

Question 18

leaf scar

Answer 18

place where the petiole was attached to the stem

Question 19

vascular bundle

Answer 19

xylem and phloem vessels organised together (in a bundle)

Question 20

Trunk

Answer 20

the stem of a tree (woody plant)

Question 21

cork

Answer 21

outer layer of a trunk

Question 22

bark

Answer 22

the outer layer of a trunk (cork) and the layer of phloem together

Question 23

cambium

Answer 23

a layer of dividing cells between the phloem and the xylem of a trunk

Question 24

sapwood

Answer 24

young xylem

Question 25

heartwood

Answer 25

older xylem, no longer in function of transportation

Question 26

springwood or early wood

Answer 26

the layer of the trunk produced in the beginning of the season

Question 27

summerwood or late wood

Answer 27

the layer of the trunk produced later in the season

Question 28

annual ring

Answer 28

one layer of springwood and summerwood together

Question 29

chlorophyll

Answer 29

green substance in chloroplasts needed for photosynthesis

Question 30

stoma

Answer 30

little opening in the (lower) surface of a leaf

Question 31

blade

Answer 31

the flat expanded part of a leaf

Question 32

vein

Answer 32

the vascular bundles (organised vessels of xylem and phloem) running through a blade of a leaf

Question 33

waxy layer

Answer 33

a thin waterproof layer of a leaf

Question 34

transpiration

Answer 34

evaporation (loss) of water through the stomata

Question 35

guard cells

Answer 35

the two cells forming the pore called stoma

Question 36

limiting factors

Answer 36

something that prevents the photosynthesis from going faster (like temperature)

Question 37

optimum

Answer 37

a factor in the right amount/level (like the perfect temperature to grow)

Question 38

life cycle

Answer 38

the series of changes that a living organism undergoes from the start of its life until it dies

Question 39

annual plant

Answer 39

a plant with a life cycle of 1 year

Question 40

biennial plant

Answer 40

a plant with a life cycle of 2 years

Question 41

perennial plant

Answer 41

a plant with a life cycle of more than 2 years