Chapter 1 keywords Flashcards
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nasal cavity
the area above and behind the nose
oral cavity
the are known as the mouth
pharynx
the part of the throat that is behind the oral and nasal cavity
larynx (voice box)
the organ in the neck involved in breathing and sound production
windpipe
a cartilaginous tube that connects the pharynx and larynx to the bronchi
bronchi (singular: bronchus)
2 airways that conduct air from the windpipe into the bronchioles
alveoli (singular: alveolus)
microscropic air sacs at the end of bronchioles, where gas exchange takes place
ciliated cells
hair-shaped cells that sweep mucus to your pharynx
olfactory cells
sensory receptors high up in the nasal cavity that can detect odours
uvula
a small flap at the back of the throat that closes the nasal cavity when you swallow
epiglottis
a thin plate of flexible cartilage in front of the windpipe that folds back over and closes the windpipe when you swallow
vocal folds
elastic folds of tissue in the larynx which produce sound when exhaled air causes them to vibrate
pitch
a measure of how high a sound is
amplitude
a measure of how loud a sound is
cellular respiration
the process by which your cells make energy (and carbondioxide and water vapour) from glucose with the help of oxygen
lung capillaries
tiny blood vessels that surround the alveoli
difusion
the movement of substances from an area where they are in higher concentration to an area where they are in lower concentration, until the concentration of the substances is equal in both areas
osmosis
the diffusion of water molecules, from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration, through a permeable membrane
thoracic breathing (chest breathing)
breathing in or out using your intercostals
abdominal breathing (diaphragmatic breathing)
breathing in or out by using your diaphragm
intercostals
muscles between your ribs
diaphragm
a sheet of muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity
tidal volume
the amount of air you breathe in or out with a regular breath
vital capacity
the maximum volume of air that you can breathe out after breathing as much in as you can
residual volume
the volume of air left in the lungs after exhaling as much as you can
lung volume
total volume after adding the vital capacity and residual volume together
asthma
a chronic, never ending inflammation of the airways
COPD
chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, a group of lung diseases that have similar symptoms and causes
bronchitis
an infection of the bronchi
emphysema
a lung disease where the lungs become inflexible and the alveoli are destroyed
hay fever
an over-sensitive reaction of your body’s defense mechanisms against pollen
