Chapter 4 keywords

Question 1

Endoskeleton/ internal skeleton

Answer 1

A skeleton that is found on the inside of an animals body

Question 2

Exoskeleton/ external skeleton

Answer 2

A skeleton that covers the animal

Question 3

to moult

Answer 3

When an animal sheds its old exoskeleton and grows a new bigger one

Question 4

Hydrostatic skeleton

Answer 4

A skeleton made of water

Question 5

Skeletal system

Answer 5

The organ system that consists of all the bones in the human body

Question 6

vertebrae

Answer 6

the bones in your spine (backbones)

Question 7

Spinal cord

Answer 7

An important part of the nervous system that runs through the middle of the spine

Question 8

Cartilage

Answer 8

A soft, flexible material in the skeleton

Question 9

Intervertebral discs

Answer 9

cartilage discs between the different vertebrae

Question 10

Posture

Answer 10

The position on which u hold your body when you are standing, sitting or laying down

Question 11

Double S-shape

Answer 11

The special shape of the spine which looks like the two times letter S, one on the top of the other

Question 12

Compact bone

Answer 12

hard of bone tissue found on the outer part of the bone

Question 13

spongy bone

Answer 13

softer bone tissue found inside the bone

Question 14

Periosteum

Answer 14

tough outer layer of a bone where new bone cells are made to renew the bone and make it wider

Question 15

marrow

Answer 15

material inside the bone which produces blood cells

Question 16

calcium

Answer 16

bone component for strength

Question 17

Collagen

Answer 17

bone component for flexibility

Question 18

Osteoporosis

Answer 18

a bone disease in older people where one slowly loses bone tissue which make the bones break easier

Question 19

Osteoclasts

Answer 19

cells in the periosteum which break down old or damaged bone

Question 20

Osteoblasts

Answer 20

Cells in the periosteum which make new bone

Question 21

Growth plate

Answer 21

A special layer of cartilage cells inside the head of each long bone which help grow a bone to make it longer

Question 22

Joint

Answer 22

The plate where bones connect

Question 22

Cartilaginous joint

Answer 22

Slightly movable joint held together by cartilage

Question 22

Fibrous joint

Answer 22

Immovable joint held together by strong fibrous tissue

Question 23

Fontanelles

Answer 23

Thick membranes that cover the openings between the skull bones of a baby

Question 23

suture

Answer 23

a special type of fibrous joint only found in the skull, which forms a connection between the skull and bones

Question 24

Synovial joint

Answer 24

Freely movable joint held together by ligaments

Question 25

Ligament

Answer 25

Strong band of connective tissue that attaches a bone to another bone in a synovial joint

Question 26

Synovial membrane

Answer 26

A tissue inside a synovial joint which makes synovial fluid

Question 27

Synovial fluid

Answer 27

slippery fluid inside a synovial joint which acts as grease for the joint; it reduces friction and keeps the joint moving smoothly

Question 28

Hinge joint

Answer 28

type of synovial joint that can move just like a hinge on a door

Question 29

Ball-and-socket-joint

Answer 29

type of synovial joint that can move in almost every possible direction

Question 30

Pivot joint

Answer 30

Type of synovial joint that allows the bones to roll around each other

Question 31

Voluntary muscle/ skeletal muscle

Answer 31

Type of muscle that you can control at will; it is attached to your skeleton

Question 32

Tendon

Answer 32

A tough band of tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone

Question 33

Involuntary muscle/ smooth muscle

Answer 33

type of muscle that you cannot control at will; it covers the walls of internal organs

Question 34

Cardiac muscle

Answer 34

A special type of involuntary muscle that is only found in your heart

Question 35

Fast-twitch fibres

Answer 35

fast- contracting muscle fibers which tire very quickly but are not very strong

Question 36

Slow-twitch fibres

Answer 36

slow-contracting muscle fibers which do not tire very quickly, but are not very strong

Question 37

Antagonistic muscle pairs

Answer 37

A skeletal muscle pair that works together to make movement possible

Question 38

Sports-related injuries

Answer 38

injuries to your joints, muscles or bones which u can get while participating in sports

Question 39

Sprain

Answer 39

A joint injury in which a ligament in the joint overstretches and sometimes tears caused by bending a joint beyond its normal limits

Question 40

Dislocated bone

Answer 40

A joint injury where lots of ligaments are overstretched or torn and the bone moves out of its place

Question 41

Soccer knee

Answer 41

A serious injury in which cartilage inside the knee joint between the femur and the tibia (meniscus) tears

Question 42

Muscle cramp

Answer 42

A sudden and involuntary contraction of one or more of your muscles

Question 43

Pulled muscle

Answer 43

Injury in which you overstretch or tear muscle tissue

Question 44

Fracture

Answer 44

Injury in which one or more bones are broken

Question 45

Warming-up exercise

Answer 45

An exercise that warms up and brings oxygen to your ligaments, tendons and muscles before you start the real exercise

Question 46

Cooling-down exercise

Answer 46

An exercise that lets your heart rate slow down gradually and helps to remove waste products from your muscles

Question 47

Stretching exercise

Answer 47

An exercise that helps to improve your flexibility and posture