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Biology > Chapter 4 keywords > Flashcards

Chapter 4 keywords Flashcards

1
Q

Endoskeleton/ internal skeleton

A

A skeleton that is found on the inside of an animals body

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2
Q

Exoskeleton/ external skeleton

A

A skeleton that covers the animal

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3
Q

to moult

A

When an animal sheds its old exoskeleton and grows a new bigger one

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4
Q

Hydrostatic skeleton

A

A skeleton made of water

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5
Q

Skeletal system

A

The organ system that consists of all the bones in the human body

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6
Q

vertebrae

A

the bones in your spine (backbones)

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7
Q

Spinal cord

A

An important part of the nervous system that runs through the middle of the spine

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8
Q

Cartilage

A

A soft, flexible material in the skeleton

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9
Q

Intervertebral discs

A

cartilage discs between the different vertebrae

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10
Q

Posture

A

The position on which u hold your body when you are standing, sitting or laying down

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11
Q

Double S-shape

A

The special shape of the spine which looks like the two times letter S, one on the top of the other

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12
Q

Compact bone

A

hard of bone tissue found on the outer part of the bone

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13
Q

spongy bone

A

softer bone tissue found inside the bone

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14
Q

Periosteum

A

tough outer layer of a bone where new bone cells are made to renew the bone and make it wider

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15
Q

marrow

A

material inside the bone which produces blood cells

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16
Q

calcium

A

bone component for strength

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17
Q

Collagen

A

bone component for flexibility

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18
Q

Osteoporosis

A

a bone disease in older people where one slowly loses bone tissue which make the bones break easier

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19
Q

Osteoclasts

A

cells in the periosteum which break down old or damaged bone

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20
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Cells in the periosteum which make new bone

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21
Q

Growth plate

A

A special layer of cartilage cells inside the head of each long bone which help grow a bone to make it longer

22
Q

Joint

A

The plate where bones connect

22
Q

Cartilaginous joint

A

Slightly movable joint held together by cartilage

22
Q

Fibrous joint

A

Immovable joint held together by strong fibrous tissue

23
Q

Fontanelles

A

Thick membranes that cover the openings between the skull bones of a baby

23
Q

suture

A

a special type of fibrous joint only found in the skull, which forms a connection between the skull and bones

24
Q

Synovial joint

A

Freely movable joint held together by ligaments

25
Q

Ligament

A

Strong band of connective tissue that attaches a bone to another bone in a synovial joint

26
Q

Synovial membrane

A

A tissue inside a synovial joint which makes synovial fluid

27
Q

Synovial fluid

A

slippery fluid inside a synovial joint which acts as grease for the joint; it reduces friction and keeps the joint moving smoothly

28
Q

Hinge joint

A

type of synovial joint that can move just like a hinge on a door

29
Q

Ball-and-socket-joint

A

type of synovial joint that can move in almost every possible direction

30
Q

Pivot joint

A

Type of synovial joint that allows the bones to roll around each other

31
Q

Voluntary muscle/ skeletal muscle

A

Type of muscle that you can control at will; it is attached to your skeleton

32
Q

Tendon

A

A tough band of tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone

33
Q

Involuntary muscle/ smooth muscle

A

type of muscle that you cannot control at will; it covers the walls of internal organs

34
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

A special type of involuntary muscle that is only found in your heart

35
Q

Fast-twitch fibres

A

fast- contracting muscle fibers which tire very quickly but are not very strong

36
Q

Slow-twitch fibres

A

slow-contracting muscle fibers which do not tire very quickly, but are not very strong

37
Q

Antagonistic muscle pairs

A

A skeletal muscle pair that works together to make movement possible

38
Q

Sports-related injuries

A

injuries to your joints, muscles or bones which u can get while participating in sports

39
Q

Sprain

A

A joint injury in which a ligament in the joint overstretches and sometimes tears caused by bending a joint beyond its normal limits

40
Q

Dislocated bone

A

A joint injury where lots of ligaments are overstretched or torn and the bone moves out of its place

41
Q

Soccer knee

A

A serious injury in which cartilage inside the knee joint between the femur and the tibia (meniscus) tears

42
Q

Muscle cramp

A

A sudden and involuntary contraction of one or more of your muscles

43
Q

Pulled muscle

A

Injury in which you overstretch or tear muscle tissue

44
Q

Fracture

A

Injury in which one or more bones are broken

45
Q

Warming-up exercise

A

An exercise that warms up and brings oxygen to your ligaments, tendons and muscles before you start the real exercise

46
Q

Cooling-down exercise

A

An exercise that lets your heart rate slow down gradually and helps to remove waste products from your muscles

47
Q

Stretching exercise

A

An exercise that helps to improve your flexibility and posture

Biology (11 decks)

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